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Essay name: Minerals and Metals in Sanskrit literature

Author: Sulekha Biswas
Affiliation: Chhatrapati Sahuji Maharaj University / Department of Sanskrit

This essay studies the presence of Minerals and Metals in Sanskrit literature over three millennia, from the Rigveda to Rasaratna-Samuccaya. It establishes that ancient Indians were knowledgeable about various minerals and metallurgy prior to the Harappan era, with literary references starting in the Rgveda.

Contents of this online book ( + / - )

The full text of the Minerals and Metals in Sanskrit literature in English is available here and publically accesible (free to read online). Of course, I would always recommend buying the book so you get the latest edition. You can see all this book’s content by visiting the pages in the below index:

Warning! This document has not been proofread. However, for each page you can (and should) verify the text with the original source PDF file.
Acknowledgement
  1. 1
Abstract
  1. 1
  2. 2
  3. 3
Introduction to Minerals and Metals in Sanskrit literatures
  1. 1
  2. 2
  3. 3
  4. 4
Chapter 2 Minerals and Metals in the Rigveda
  1. 1
  2. 2
  3. 3
  4. 4
  5. 5
  6. 6
  7. 7
  8. 8
  9. 9
  10. 10
  11. 11
  12. 12
  13. 13
  14. 14
  15. 15
Chapter 3 Minerals and Metals in the Vedic literature after Rigveda
  1. 1
  2. 2
  3. 3
  4. 4
  5. 5
  6. 6
  7. 7
  8. 8
  9. 9
  10. 10
  11. 11
  12. 12
  13. 13
  14. 14
  15. 15
  16. 16
  17. 17
  18. 18
  19. 19
  20. 20
  21. 21
  22. 22
  23. 23
  24. 24
Chapter 4 Materials and Concepts in Panini’s Ashtadhyayi
  1. 1
  2. 2
  3. 3
  4. 4
  5. 5
  6. 6
  7. 7
  8. 8
  9. 9
  10. 10
  11. 11
  12. 12
  13. 13
  14. 14
  15. 15
  16. 16
  17. 17
Chapter 5 Minerals and Metals in Kautiliya Arthashastra
  1. 1
  2. 2
  3. 3
  4. 4
  5. 5
  6. 6
  7. 7
  8. 8
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  25. 25
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  27. 27
  28. 28
  29. 29
  30. 30
  31. 31
Chapter 6 Minerals and Metals in the Indian Epics
  1. 1
  2. 2
  3. 3
  4. 4
  5. 5
  6. 6
  7. 7
  8. 8
  9. 9
  10. 10
  11. 11
  12. 12
  13. 13
  14. 14
  15. 15
  16. 16
  17. 17
Chapter 7 A millennium of Ratnashastra (gemmology) literature in India
  1. 1
  2. 2
  3. 3
  4. 4
  5. 5
  6. 6
  7. 7
  8. 8
  9. 9
  10. 10
  11. 11
  12. 12
  13. 13
  14. 14
  15. 15
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  20. 20
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  51. 51
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  78. 78
  79. 79
  80. 80
  81. 81
  82. 82
  83. 83
  84. 84
  85. 85
Chapter 8 Non-gem Minerals and Metals in Rasa-shastra
  1. 1
  2. 2
  3. 3
  4. 4
  5. 5
  6. 6
  7. 7
  8. 8
  9. 9
  10. 10
  11. 11
  12. 12
  13. 13
  14. 14
  15. 15
  16. 16
  17. 17
  18. 18
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  27. 27
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  30. 30
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  33. 33
  34. 34
  35. 35
  36. 36
  37. 37
  38. 38
  39. 39
  40. 40
  41. 41
  42. 42
  43. 43
  44. 44
Chapter 9 The Rasaratna-samuccaya—a pinnacle in the Indian iatro-chemistry
  1. 1
  2. 2
  3. 3
  4. 4
  5. 5
  6. 6
  7. 7
  8. 8
  9. 9
  10. 10
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  27. 27
  28. 28
  29. 29
  30. 30
  31. 31
Chapter 10 Concluding Remarks
  1. 1
  2. 2
  3. 3
  4. 4
  5. 5
  6. 6
  7. 7
  8. 8
  9. 9
  10. 10
  11. 11
  12. 12
  13. 13
  14. 14
  15. 15
  16. 16
Appendix A Scientific information on the Minerals used
  1. 1
  2. 2
  3. 3
  4. 4
  5. 5
  6. 6
  7. 7
  8. 8
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