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VIII-3
Vaise峁�ika S奴tra (4.1.1-2) states that
啶膏い啷� 啶呧�曕ぞ啶班ぃ啶掂い啷� 啶ㄠた啶む�嵿く啶�啷� 啶むじ啷嵿く 啶曕ぞ啶班�嵿く啶侧た啶傕�椸ぎ啷�
[sat ak膩ra峁嘺vat nityam tasya k膩ryali峁僩am
] atoms are eternal, uncaused, non-destructive and are inferred from
their effects. Kan膩da's conception of atoms bears resemblance to
that of the Greek philosopher Democritus (c.470-360 B.C.). H.T.
Colebrooke and H.H. Wilson concluded that the resemblance is
explained in terms of Greeks being the borrowers. According to
the Greek tradition, Thales, Empedocles, Democritus etc. undertook
journey to the oriental countries in order to study philosophy.
According to the Vaisesika system, atoms possess an
intrinsic vibratory or rotatory motion (parispanda) and combine to
form binary molecule (dvvanuka), ternary (tryanuka) etc. Chemical
combination occurs under the influence of heat corpuscles. Atoms
though eternal in themselves, are non-eternal as aggregates.
The Buddhist schools accepted the atomic view of matter
with some qualifications. According to the Jainas, interlinking
between atoms and molecules in pudgala or matter must precede all
compound formations: anu (atom) to skandha (aggregate) (Ray,
Priyada, 1956: 46-47; Sikdar, 1970). A detailed presentation of the
atomic theory and chemical combination found in Um膩svamin's (c.40A.D.
to the
Tattvarthadhigama-sutra bears some crude resemblance 'dualistic
hypothesis of Berzelius, propounded in the nineteenth century.
Vatsyayana of the fourth century A.D. elaborated on chemical changes
initiated by external or internal heat (Vatsyayana-bh膩峁�ya, Chap. IV,
Ahnika 1, Sutra, 47). The above postulates, as well as the Greek.
theories of atomism could not advance very far on account of lack of
experimentation, only which could spur further investigation in this
scientific topic (Ray, Priyada Ranjan, 1966 and 1986: 136-151). Thus