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VIII-2
The
originally existed in a highly refined or potential form like a
seed which gradually evolved into grosser material stuff.
matter was created from energy. The Vedanta philosophy distin-
guished between two kinds of akasa: puranam kham or karanak膩sa,
the motionless, primordial matter-rudiment, and k盲ry盲k膩艣a, a
materialisation from non-atomic ak膩sa. The twofold aspect of
ak膩sa, non-material and material, related to each other as cause
and effect was a very significant concept in the Indian philosophy
(Seal, 1958:121)
Kapila the originator of the Sainkhya philosophy proposed
that tanmatras or infra-atomic entities, derived from the conscious
principle, gave rise to anus or atoms and five kinds of grosser
fire
elements or bhutas:
space or ether (膩k膩sa), air (vayu), A (tejas),
water (ap) and earth (kshiti)
Patanjali of the second century B.C.
perfected the Samkhya system of philosophy.
According to this
philosophy, the prakriti or nature is an equilibrium of three
principles: sattva, the essence or intelligence stuff, raias the
energy stuff and tamas, the inertia or the matter stuff.
and
Kan膩da, the founder of the Vaisesika system of philosophy
was primarily concerned with the material aspects of the universe.
He postulated only four kinds of elements: ksiti, ap, tejas v膩vu.
In his view 膩k膩sa is non-material and serves merely as an inert
The
substratum for sound and energy to travel. later-day astronomer,
Aryabhat also accepted this principle of four elements, ignored the
Vedantic concept of twin forms of akasa and the origin of matter
from non-matter. Kan膩da believed that light and heat are different
are eternal,
forms of tejas and the atoms or anus ultimate, indivisible
and infinitesimal (Gough, 1975; 138).