Rudra-Shiva concept (Study)
by Maumita Bhattacharjee | 2018 | 54,352 words
This page relates 鈥楩orms of Shiva and his different activities鈥� of the study on the Rudra-Shiva concept in the Vedic and Puranic literature, starting with the concept of God as contemplated by the Rishis (Vedic sages). These pages further deal with the aspects, legends, iconography and eulology of Rudra-Shiva as found in the Samhitas, Brahamanas, Aranyakas, Upanishads Sutras and Puranas. The final chapters deal with descriptions of his greatness, various incarnations and epithets.
Go directly to: Footnotes.
4. Forms of 艢颈惫补 and his different activities
In the first chapter of the 痴腻测耻 笔耻谤腻峁嘺, lord 艢颈惫补 is designated as the Supreme deity of this 笔耻谤腻峁嘺.[1] He takes on three different forms, i.e. 叠谤补丑尘腻, 痴颈峁ａ箛耻, Rudra. That is why he is acknowledged as 罢谤颈驳耻峁嘺.[2] 叠谤补丑尘腻, 痴颈峁ａ箛耻 and 惭补丑腻诲别惫补 are considered to be the different manifestations of the Supreme Being for doing the different tasks of the lord. At the very beginning, he (艢颈惫补) manifests himself as 贬颈谤补峁噛补驳补谤产丑补.[3] He alone is depicted as the creator, sustainer and annihilator of the world in the names of 叠谤补丑尘腻, 痴颈峁ａ箛耻 and 艢颈惫补.[4] His 搁腻箩补蝉颈办补 manifestation is 叠谤补丑尘腻, 厂腻迟迟惫颈办补 manifestation is 痴颈峁ａ箛耻 and 罢腻尘补蝉颈办补 is Rudra.[5] 叠谤补丑尘腻 resides in Brahmaloka, 痴颈峁ａ箛耻 in the milk-ocean and 艢颈惫补 in 碍补颈濒腻蝉补.[6] In another reference, he is said to be the creator of 痴颈峁ａ箛耻 and 叠谤补丑尘腻, the lord of the universe as well as the performer of all types of activities.[7] 叠谤补丑尘腻 is born of his right side and 痴颈峁ａ箛耻 of his left side[8] and Rudra from his heart.[9] Lord 艢颈惫补 is frequently supplicated by a name, Rudra.[10]
In the Pur膩峁噄c literature, it is stated that Rudra and 艢颈惫补 are same. There is no difference between Rudra and 艢颈惫补.[11] A reference has been found where Rudra and 艢颈惫补 are mentioned as same. There is no difference between 艢颈惫补 who is beyond three 驳耻峁嘺蝉 (Sattva, Rajas, Tamas) and Rudra, possessor of all 驳耻峁嘺蝉, Such as no difference is found between gold and gold ornaments.[12] Rudra is alone and there is no one who is second to him. He alone creates, protects and withdraws the world.[13] After destroying all, the lord creates the world again from the beginning in association with his manifold 艣补办迟颈蝉.[14] Rudra is the complete manifestation of 艢颈惫补.[15] Rudra is the perfect form of 艢颈惫补. Lord 艢颈惫补 manifested himself for the activity of gods with a separate form and features.[16] Rudra takes a half man and half female form. All the women in the three worlds are born of the female part and eleven Rudras are born of the male part.[17]
Rudra is expressible by the single syllable Om. Out of that single syllable Om, the syllable 鈥榓鈥� is 叠谤补丑尘腻, 鈥榰鈥� is 痴颈峁ａ箛耻 and 鈥榤鈥� is Rudra.[18] In the K奴rma 笔耻谤腻峁嘺, Rudra is described as three-formed. Agni is the Tamas form, 叠谤补丑尘腻 is the Rajas forms and 痴颈峁ａ箛耻 is the Sattva form.[19] Here, it is said that there is no difference between 痴颈峁ａ箛耻 and Rudra. He who is 痴颈峁ａ箛耻 is Rudra himself.[20] The valiant Rudra is the form of 艢颈惫补. He holds numerous forms for the benefit of his devotees and for helping 叠谤补丑尘腻 and 痴颈峁ａ箛耻.[21]
惭补丑别艣惫补谤补 is another form of 艢颈惫补. They are symbolised as same.[22] Lord 惭补丑别艣惫补谤补 is described as the first creator of all. He is 笔谤补诲丑腻苍补. He alone creates all.[23] It has been pointed out beautifully that just as children are not born without their parents, similarly the three worlds do not originate without 艢颈惫补 and 笔腻谤惫补迟墨.[24] He is known as 艢颈惫补, 厂补诲腻艣颈惫补, Bhava, 痴颈峁ａ箛耻, 叠谤补丑尘腻.[25] There is a reference in the 痴腻测耻 笔耻谤腻峁嘺 where 碍耻尘耻诲腻 is considered as the sister of 惭补丑腻诲别惫补.[26]
In the Pur膩峁噄c literature, it is also stated that 艢颈惫补 is greater than 叠谤补丑尘腻 and he created 贬颈谤补峁噛补驳补谤产丑补 (叠谤补丑尘腻). He is portrayed as greater than the world and he is the entire universe.[27] The entire world consists of the eight forms of 艢颈惫补, viz. 艢补谤惫补, Bhava, Rudra, Ugra, 叠丑墨尘补, 笔补艣耻辫补迟颈, 莫艣腻苍补, 惭补丑腻诲别惫补.[28] These eight forms represent the earth, water, fire, wind, the individual soul, sun and moon respectively.[29] These eight-forms are taken by 艢颈惫补 for the welfare of all and are popular in the world.[30]
艢颈惫补 is free from illness and desire.[31] He is the destroyer of 碍腻尘补.[32] He is the father, the mother and the lord of all.[33] He is free from distortion, aberrations and diseases.[34] In this entire world there is no one greater than 艢颈惫补, he is delineated as the source of everything, the lord of gods.[35] He confers happiness to his devotees and punishes the mischievous or wicked person who harasses his devotees.[36] Lord 艢颈惫补 is said to be the Brahman or the supreme lord of all, he assumes many forms for the welfare of this universe.[37] 艢颈惫补 is the master of delusion.[38] He is the slayer of enemies of the gods,[39] he is the beginning,[40] granter of the boons,[41] the remover of distress,[42] the destroyer of Asura, Andhaka.[43] Everything originates from him and everything merges in him at the end of time.[44] He is known as 惭峁泃测耻帽箩补测补 or the conqueror of death.[45] In this universe, nothing is greater, smaller and bigger than him. This universe is completed by him.[46] He pervades all and he is present everywhere.[47] He resides in the cavity of the heart of 辫补艣耻蝉 (bipeds and quadrupeds).[48]
艢颈惫补 is mentioned as fire, water, wind, ether, earth, sun, moon, stars and the solar system[49] and he manifests himself as the eight legged 艢补谤补产丑补.[50] He is the only truth, the beginning, middle and end of this world.[51] 艢颈惫补 discharges his own fever missile.[52] In the Atharvaveda, S膩ya峁嚹乧膩rya comments that Rudra is the presiding deity of fever.[53] One hundred fevers originated from the furious breath of 艢颈惫补 (惭补丑腻谤耻诲谤补).[54]
艢颈惫补 burns down everything including the upper and lower world by his anger. He brings back to life the waning or degenerating medicinal herbs again and again.[55] Lord 艢颈惫补 is worshipped in 狈颈峁补濒补 and Sakala form. His 狈颈峁补濒补 aspect is said to be the 濒颈峁単补[56] He is the crest jewel of Devas.[57] 艢颈惫补 manifests himself as a column of fire in the battle between 叠谤补丑尘腻 and 痴颈峁ａ箛耻.[58]
艢颈惫补 is the destroyer of many Asuras, e.g. 罢腻谤补办腻办峁, Vidyunm膩li, 碍补尘补濒腻办峁 along with their three cities. These three cities were of gold, silver and copper. He burns the Tripuras with a single glance.[59] A reference has been found in the 艢颈惫补 笔耻谤腻峁嘺 where lord 艢颈惫补 wants the lordship of the animals from the gods for destroying the Asuras.[60]
Lord 艢颈惫补 has thousand forms and is known by several names. In the Li峁単a 笔耻谤腻峁嘺, 艢颈惫补鈥檚 thousand and eight names are pointed out. Some of them are mentioned here. 厂奴谤测补 is depicted as 艢颈惫补 himself.[61] He is 搁腻尘补,[62] 碍腻濒补 or time[63] He is the lord of 骋补耻谤墨.[64] He is called 惭峁沢补惫测腻诲丑补.[65] In the 叠谤腻丑尘补峁嘺 literature, Rudra is mentioned as 惭峁沢补惫测腻诲丑补.[66] Lord 艢颈惫补 protects those people who take shelter in him.[67] He is 莫艣补.[68] He is considered as the physician and the remedy for all diseases.[69] In the 痴腻箩补蝉补苍别测颈蝉补峁僪颈迟腻, Rudra is called as the great physician of devas.[70] 艢颈惫补 brings everything under his control. That is why he is known as 艢颈惫补.[71]
In the 笔耻谤腻峁嘺s, it is said that the people who are devotedly attached to 艢颈惫补, whose minds are turned towards 艢颈惫补 and those who always remember 艢颈惫补, never fall in misery.[72] In order to achieve the fulfilment of all desires one should worship 艢颈惫补.[73] 艢颈惫补 is the possessor of some qualities of imperishable nature. These qualities are鈥攑erfect knowledge, free from worldly anxieties, heavenly faculties of omnipotence, omnipresence, severity, truthfulness, mercy, fortitude, the state of being the seer, self contact and the state of being the presiding deity.[74] He is the one who creates and bestows destiny.[75] Lord 艢颈惫补 assuming the form of 碍腻濒补 he creates the whole world, protects it and destroys it.[76] He is the lord of the 辫谤腻峁嘺蝉.[77] He is the father of the world.[78] He is 叠谤补丑尘腻, 痴颈峁ａ箛耻 and Rudra. He is 笔谤补办峁泃颈, the basis of all.[79] 艢颈惫补 is portrayed as Yama, the moon, the earth, water.[80] 艢颈惫补 is said to be the Brahman who is the cause of both 艢补办迟颈 and 艢颈惫补. They (艢补办迟颈 and 艢颈惫补) are both the womb and seed of the world.[81] 艢颈惫补 has two bodies one ghora and other 艣iva.[82] Different types of winds, viz. 辫谤腻峁嘺, 苍腻驳补, 办奴谤尘补, 腻惫补丑补 etc., are the different forms of 艢颈惫补.[83]
His (艢颈惫补鈥檚) form is beyond the path of darkness and one who is calm, pure, changeless, incomprehensible through worldly knowledge, selfilluminated.[84] In the sacrifice of 顿补办峁, sage 顿补诲丑墨肠颈 told 顿补办峁 that all inauspicious things become auspicious if it is accepted by 艢颈惫补 and all good things take place in him.[85] He is the destroyer of 顿补办峁鈥檚 sacrifice.[86] He is the destroyer of the eyes of Bhaga and the teeth of 笔奴峁苍.[87] The source of this reference has already been found in the Gopatha 叠谤腻丑尘补峁嘺.[88]
艢颈惫补鈥檚 worship is performed facing the north side.[89] In the 叠谤腻丑尘补峁嘺 literature, north quarter is said to be Rudra鈥檚 quarter.[90] In 艢颈惫补鈥檚 worship, a cow and a bull shall be given in charity.[91] A reference has been found in the 艢奴lagava ceremony of the 厂奴迟谤补 literature where a spit-ox is said to be offered to Rudra.[92]
Footnotes and references:
[1]:
ata艣ca sa峁卥峁pamima峁� 艣峁涐箛udhva峁� 尘补丑别艣惫补谤补岣� sarvamida峁� 辫耻谤腻峁嘺m | sa sargak膩le ca karoti sarg膩n sa峁僪膩rak膩le punar膩dad墨t || 痴腻测耻-辫耻谤腻峁嘺, 1.1.185
[2]:
迟谤颈诲丑腻 yad vartate loke tasm膩trigu峁嘺 ucyate | 尝颈峁単补-辫耻谤腻峁嘺, 1.70.95
[3]:
gu峁嚹乼makatv膩traik膩lye tasm膩deka岣� sa ucyate | agre 丑颈谤补峁噛补驳补谤产丑补岣� sa 辫谤腻诲耻谤产丑奴迟补岣� 蝉补苍腻迟补苍补岣� || 碍奴谤尘补-辫耻谤腻峁嘺, 1.4.58
[4]:
yasya ca 迟谤颈惫颈诲丑腻 m奴rttirvidh膩 tuss峁涐梗峁璱karma峁噄 || s峁涐梗峁璱sthityantajanan墨 brahmavi峁ａ箛uhar膩bhidh膩 || 艢颈惫补-辫耻谤腻峁嘺, 2.3.33.39
[5]:
(a) yo鈥檡a峁� brahm膩sti rajas膩 vi艣m奴rti岣� 辫颈迟腻尘补丑补岣� | tvatpras膩d膩tprabho vi峁ａ箛ussatvena 辫耻谤耻峁迟迟补尘补岣� || k膩l膩gnirudrastamas膩 辫补谤补尘腻迟尘腻 驳耻峁嘺颈岣� 辫补谤补岣� | 蝉补诲腻艣ivo mahe艣膩nas蝉补谤惫补惫测腻辫墨 尘补丑别艣惫补谤补岣� || Ibid., 2.3.49.22-23; (b) 叠谤补丑尘腻峁囜笉a-辫耻谤腻峁嘺, 1.4.6
[6]:
[7]:
vi峁ａ箛ubrahmakad膩tre te bhaktapriya namo鈥檚tu te...bhaktava艣yo hi 办补谤尘补办峁泃 || Ibid., 2.3.11.17-20
[8]:
补测补峁� me dak峁峁嚹乼p膩r艣v膩dbrahm膩 loka辫颈迟腻尘补丑补岣� | v膩map膩r艣v膩cca vi峁ａ箛us迟惫补峁� 蝉补尘耻迟辫补苍苍补岣� par膩tmana岣� || Ibid., 2.1.9.17
[10]:
(a) 艣itika峁囜弓h膩ya rudr膩ya sv膩h膩k膩r膩ya te 苍补尘补岣� || Ibid., 2.4.12.39 (b) namo鈥檚tu 艣itika峁囜弓h膩ya sur膩p膩ya suvarcase | 痴腻测耻-辫耻谤腻峁嘺, 2.35.162
[11]:
惫补蝉迟耻迟补岣� hyekar奴pa峁� hi dvidh膩 bhinna峁� jagatyuta | ato na bhed膩 惫颈箩帽别测补岣� 艣ive rudre kad膩cana || 艢颈惫补-辫耻谤腻峁嘺, 2.1.9.34
[12]:
艣ive tri驳耻峁嘺蝉ambhinne rudre tu gu峁嘺dh膩mani | vastuto na hi bhedo鈥檚ti svar峁噀 tadbh奴峁峁噀 yath膩 || Ibid., 4.42.10
[13]:
[14]:
eko鈥檖i tr墨nim膩nllok膩n 产补丑耻诲丑腻 艣aktiyogata岣� | vidadh膩ti vicetyante vi艣vam膩dau 尘补丑别艣惫补谤补岣� || Ibid., 7.1.6.27
[15]:
(a) p奴r峁嚹乶艣a艣a峁卥arasyaiva yo rudro var峁噄to 辫耻谤腻 || Ibid., 2.2.1.3 (b) tasya p奴r峁嚹乿at膩ro hi rudrass膩k峁Ｄ乧chiva岣� sm峁泃a岣� || Ibid., 2.1.16.50
[16]:
办补颈濒腻蝉补惫腻蝉颈苍补峁� 谤耻诲谤补峁� madr奴pa峁� p奴r峁嘺muttamam | devak膩ry膩rthamudbh奴ta峁� p峁泃hag膩k峁泃idh膩ri峁嘺m || Ibid., 2.5.31.39
[17]:
尝颈峁単补-辫耻谤腻峁嘺, 1.5.27-29
[18]:
ek膩k峁r膩dak膩r膩khyo bhagav膩nkanak膩峁囜笉aja岣� || ek膩k峁r膩duk膩r膩khyo 丑补谤颈岣� paramak膩ra峁嘺m | ek膩k峁r膩nmak膩r膩khyo bhagav膩nn墨lalohita岣� || Ibid., 1.17.60-61
[19]:
[20]:
yo vi峁ａ箛u sa sv补测补峁� rudro | yo 谤耻诲谤补岣� sa 箩补苍腻谤诲补苍补岣� || Ibid., 1.15.90
[21]:
蝉补谤惫补迟丑腻 艣ivar奴po hi rudro raudrapar膩krama岣� | utpanno bhaktak膩ry膩rtha峁� haribrahmasah膩yak峁泃 || 艢颈惫补-辫耻谤腻峁嘺, 4.42.12
[22]:
[23]:
别峁 caiva 辫谤补箩腻岣� 蝉补谤惫腻岣� s峁沯atyeka岣� svatejas膩 | 叠谤补丑尘腻峁囜笉a-辫耻谤腻峁嘺, 1.27.50
[24]:
[25]:
腻诲颈办补谤迟腻 ca bh奴t膩n膩峁� sa峁僪art膩 辫补谤颈辫腻濒补办补岣� | tasm膩nmahe艣varo devo brahma峁噊dhipati岣� 艣颈惫补岣� || 蝉补诲腻艣ivo bhavo vi峁ａ箛urbrahm膩 sarv膩tmako 测补迟补岣� | etada峁囜笉e tath膩 lok膩 ime 办补谤迟腻 辫颈迟腻尘补丑补岣� || Ibid., 1.3.37-38
[26]:
[27]:
丑颈谤补峁噛补驳补谤产丑补峁� rudro鈥檚au janay膩m膩sa 艣补峁卥补谤补岣� | vi艣v膩dhika艣ca 惫颈艣惫腻迟尘腻 惫颈艣惫补谤奴辫补 iti sm峁泃a岣� || 尝颈峁単补-辫耻谤腻峁嘺, 1.28.10
[28]:
[29]:
bh奴myambho鈥檊nimarudvayomak峁traj帽膩rkani艣膩kar膩岣� | adhi峁ａ弓hit膩艣ca 艣arv膩dyaira峁ａ弓ar奴pai岣� 艣ivasya hi || Ibid., 3.2.4
[30]:
iti prokt膩岣� svar奴p膩ste vidhiputr膩峁ａ弓avi艣rut膩岣� | sarvopak膩ranirat膩岣� 蝉别惫测腻岣� 艣rey膩鈥檙thibhirnarai岣� || Ibid., 3.2.17
[31]:
别迟补肠肠丑耻迟惫腻 惫补肠补苍补峁� tasya sambhornir膩m补测补峁� 苍颈岣辫峁沨补峁� 苍颈峁ａ弓丑耻谤补峁� ca | Ibid., 2.3.12.35
[32]:
namo rudr膩ya dev膩ya madan膩ntakar膩ya ca || Ibid., 2.3.24.1
[34]:
苍颈谤补苍箩补苍补峁� 苍颈谤腻产丑腻蝉补峁� 苍颈谤惫颈办腻谤补峁� nir膩mayam || Ibid., 2.3.24.31
[35]:
[36]:
(a) gautamakle艣a办补谤迟腻ha峁� tryambak膩tm膩 sukh腻惫补丑补岣� | tatka峁ａ弓apradadu峁ａ弓膩n膩峁� 艣腻辫补诲腻测墨 惫颈艣别峁迟补岣� || Ibid., 2.3.24.69 (b) 艢颈惫补-辫耻谤腻峁嘺, 2.5.39.10
[37]:
艣iva brahmavik膩ra岣� sa bhaktahetordh峁泃膩k峁泃i岣� | 辫谤补产丑耻迟腻峁� 濒补耻办颈办墨峁� naiva sa峁僤ar艣ayitumicchati || Ibid., 2.3.25.64
[38]:
anekar奴pan膩m膩 ca 苍腻苍腻 濒墨濒腻办补谤补岣� 辫谤补产丑耻岣� | sarvasv膩mi svatantra艣ca m膩y膩dh墨艣o鈥檝ikalpaka岣� || Ibid., 2.3.44.76
[39]:
gatirnas蝉补谤惫补诲腻 迟惫补峁� hi sarv膩padviniv膩raka岣� | tvameva 蝉补谤惫补诲腻鈥檚m膩bhirvandyo dev膩ris奴dana || Ibid., 2.5.6.11
[40]:
tvam膩distvaman膩di艣ca sv膩nanda艣c膩k峁ya岣� 辫谤补产丑耻岣� || Ibid., 2.5.6.12
[41]:
varado v膩峁卪ayo v膩cyo v膩cyav膩cakavarjita岣� || Ibid., 2.5.6.14
[42]:
苍补尘补岣� sarv膩tmane tubhya峁� 艣a峁卥ar膩y膩rtih膩ri峁噀 || Ibid., 2.5.6.10
[43]:
tripuraghn膩ya 艣arv膩ya brahma峁噀 parame峁ａ弓hine || Ibid., 2.5.13.23
[44]:
tvatta岣� 艣arva ca 蝉补谤惫补峁� ca tvayi 蝉补谤惫补峁� mahe艣vara || Ibid., 2.5.31.23
[45]:
m峁泃yu帽jay膩ya 艣ok膩ya trigu峁嚹亂a gu峁嚹乼mane | Ibid., 2.2.41.41
[46]:
asm膩n苍腻蝉迟颈 辫补谤补峁� ki帽cida辫补谤补峁� param膩tmana岣� | n膩峁嚹珁o鈥檚ti na ca jy膩yastena p奴r峁嘺mida峁� jagat || Ibid., 7.1.6.19
[47]:
蝉补谤惫补惫测腻辫墨 ca bhagav膩nstasm膩tsarvagata岣� 艣颈惫补岣� || Ibid., 7.1.6.20
[48]:
guh膩y膩峁� nihita艣c膩pi jantorasya 尘补丑别艣惫补谤补岣� || Ibid., 7.1.6.24
[49]:
tvamagniranilo vyomatvamev膩po 惫补蝉耻苍诲丑补谤腻 | 迟惫补峁� s奴rya艣candram膩 bh膩ni 箩测辞迟颈艣肠补办谤补峁� tvameva hi || Ibid., 2.5.13.28
[50]:
bhav膩nv膩gvyavah膩re峁 bh膩rgavas迟惫补峁� kavi峁api | pak峁峁ev膩si 艣补谤补产丑补岣� si峁僪o hi峁僺re峁 sanmata岣� || Ibid., 2.5.2.39
[51]:
膩dyant膩vasya yanmadhyamidamanyadahambahi岣� | yato鈥�惫测补测补岣� sanait膩ni tatsatyambrahma cidbhav膩n || Ibid., 2.3.49.14
[52]:
mahe艣varo鈥檛ha ta峁� 诲峁涐梗峁璿腻鈥檡膩nta峁� sva峁� vis峁沯ajjvaram || m膩he艣varo yuyudh膩te jvar膩dy膩te jvar膩vubhau || Ibid., 2.5.54.28
[54]:
[55]:
补耻峁诲丑墨岣� pratisa峁僤hatte 谤耻诲谤补岣� k峁Ｄ箛膩岣� puna岣� puna岣� | praj膩patimukhairdevai岣� samyagi峁ａ弓aphal膩rthibhi岣� || 叠谤补丑尘腻峁囜笉a-辫耻谤腻峁嘺, 1.13.143
[56]:
艣ivaiko brahmar奴patv膩n苍颈峁补濒补岣� 辫补谤颈办墨谤迟颈迟补岣� || r奴pitv膩tsakalastadvattasm膩tsakala苍颈峁补濒补岣� | ni峁alatv膩nnir膩k膩ra峁� 濒颈峁単补峁� tasya sam膩gatam || 艢颈惫补-辫耻谤腻峁嘺, 1.5.10-11
[57]:
tayorm膩na峁� nir膩kartu峁� tanmadhye 辫补谤补尘别艣惫补谤补岣� || Ibid., 1.5.28
[58]:
[59]:
Ibid., 2.5.9-10
[60]:
ath膩ha bhagav膩nrudra dev膩n膩lokya 艣补峁卥补谤补岣� | pa艣奴n膩m膩dhipatya峁� me dhaddhva峁� hanmi tato鈥檚ur膩n || 辫峁泃丑补办 pa艣u迟惫补峁� dev膩n膩峁� tath膩nye峁Ｄ佱箖 蝉耻谤辞迟迟补尘腻岣� | kalpayitvaiva vadhy膩ste n膩nyath膩 daityasattam膩岣� || Ibid., 2.5.9.13-14
[65]:
m峁沢avy膩dh膩ya sarp膩ya sth膩峁嘺ve bh墨峁峁嚹亂a ca || 痴腻测耻-辫耻谤腻峁嘺, 2.35.172
[67]:
tato viprak峁泃e loke鈥檚uraistairdu峁ａ弓am膩nasai岣� | 诲颈惫补峁� 诲别惫腻岣� parityajya bhuvi ceruralak峁t膩岣� || 艢颈惫补-辫耻谤腻峁嘺, 2.5.43.7
[68]:
墨艣atv膩devamenitya峁僴amadanyasyakasyacit || Ibid., 1.9.38
[69]:
蝉补峁僺腻谤补惫补颈诲测补岣� 蝉补谤惫补箩帽补岣� sarvabh别峁jabh别峁jam || Ibid., 1.14.13
[70]:
adhyavocadadhivakt膩 prathamo daivyo 产丑颈峁办 | V膩jasaneyi-蝉补峁僪颈迟腻, 16.5
[71]:
...prak峁泃e岣� parato测补迟补岣�...蝉补谤惫补峁� 惫补艣墨办峁泃测补峁� yasm膩ttasm膩cchiva iti sm峁泃a岣� || 艢颈惫补-辫耻谤腻峁嘺, 1.18.10-11
[72]:
bhavabhaktipar膩 ye ca bhavapra峁嘺tacetasa岣� | bhavasa峁僺mara峁嚹� ye ca na te du岣hasyabh膩jan膩岣� || Ibid., 2.1.12. 21
[73]:
Ibid., 2.1.11.12
[74]:
箩帽腻苍补峁� 惫补颈谤腻驳测补尘补颈艣惫补谤测补峁� 迟补辫补岣� 蝉补迟测补峁� 办峁尘腻 诲丑峁泃颈岣� | dra峁ａ弓峁泃vam膩tmasa峁僢andhamadhi峁ａ弓h膩t峁泃vameva ca || avyay膩ni da艣ait膩ni tasmisti峁ａ弓hanti 艣a峁卥are | vibhutv膩tkhalu yog膩岣峢yo brahma峁噊鈥檔ugrahe 谤补迟补岣� || sa lokavigraho bh奴tv膩 s膩h膩yyamupati峁ａ弓hate | 补办峁谤补峁� dhruvamavyagrama峁ａ弓ama峁� tvaupasargikam || 叠谤补丑尘腻峁囜笉a-辫耻谤腻峁嘺, 3.2.218-220
[75]:
别峁 诲丑腻迟腻 vi诲丑腻迟腻 ca 辫谤补诲丑腻苍补岣� prabhura惫测补测补岣� | 碍奴谤尘补-辫耻谤腻峁嘺, 1.9.59
[76]:
s峁沯aty别峁 jagatk峁泃sna峁� 辫腻迟颈 sa峁僪arate tath膩 | k膩lo bhutv膩 尘补丑腻诲别惫补岣� kevalo 苍颈峁补濒补岣� 艣颈惫补岣� || Ibid., 1.9.60
[77]:
迟惫腻尘别办补尘墨艣补峁� 辫耻谤耻峁峁� 辫耻谤腻峁嘺峁� 辫谤腻峁噀艣惫补谤补峁� rudramanantayogam | Ibid., 2.5.21
[78]:
jagata岣� pitara峁� 艣ambhu帽jagato 尘腻迟补谤补峁� 艣iv膩m || 艢颈惫补-辫耻谤腻峁嘺, 2.1.1.4
[79]:
tvameva vi峁ａ箛u艣catur膩nanas迟惫补峁� tvameva rudro bhagav膩nap墨艣a岣� | 迟惫补峁� vi艣va苍腻迟丑补岣� 辫谤补办峁泃颈岣� 辫谤补迟颈峁ａ弓丑腻 sarve艣varas迟惫补峁� parame艣varo鈥檚i || 碍奴谤尘补-辫耻谤腻峁嘺, 2.5.35
[80]:
[81]:
膩ne tv膩m墨艣a峁� 惫颈艣惫补蝉测补 jagato yonib墨jayo岣� | 艣akte岣� 艣ivasya ca 辫补谤补峁� yattadbrahm膩 nirantaram || Bh膩gavata-辫耻谤腻峁嘺, 4.6.42
[82]:
dve 迟补苍奴 tava rudrasya vedaj帽膩 br膩hma峁嚹� vidu岣� | ghor膩峁噛any膩 艣iv膩峁噛any膩 te pratyekamanekadh膩 || 尝颈峁単补-辫耻谤腻峁嘺, 1.96.106
[83]:
艣ar墨rastha艣ca bh奴t膩n膩峁� 艣aiv墨 m奴rtti岣� pa峁珁as墨 | pr膩峁嚹乨y膩 苍腻驳补k奴rm膩dy膩 膩vah膩dy膩艣ca 惫腻测补惫补岣� || Ibid., 2.12.38
[84]:
[85]:
[86]:
Ibid., 2.2.32-37
[87]:
bhaganetr膩ntaka艣candra岣� p奴峁ａ箛o danta惫颈苍腻艣ana岣� | 痴腻测耻-辫耻谤腻峁嘺, 1.30.253
[88]:
Gopatha-br膩hma峁嘺, 2.1.2-3
[89]:
艣颈惫腻谤肠补苍补峁� 蝉补诲腻pyeva峁兣泆ci岣� kury膩duda峁卪ukha岣� || 艢颈惫补-辫耻谤腻峁嘺, 1.21.53
[90]:
艢补迟补辫补迟丑补-产谤腻丑尘补峁嘺, 2.6.2.7
[91]:
[92]:
笔腻谤补蝉办补谤补-驳峁沨测补蝉奴迟谤补, 3.8.1-17; 贬颈谤补峁噛补办别艣墨-驳峁沨测补蝉奴迟谤补, 2.3.8; 膧艣val膩yana-驳峁沨测补蝉奴迟谤补, 4.8.1