365bet娱乐

Images (photo gallery)

(+3 more images available)

In Hinduism

Yoga (school of philosophy)

Source: Wisdom Library: Yoga

Moral Disciplines; First step of the Ashtanga;

In Yoga philoshopy, there are five or ethical standards called the Fice Yama's. They act as moral guidelines.

The five yama's are:

1. Non-violence
2. Non-lying
3. Non-stealing
4. Non-sensuality
5. Non-greed

Source: Wisdom Library: Yoga

Yama (啶�啶�, 鈥渇orbearance鈥�) is a Sanskrit word referring to 鈥渞espect for others鈥�. It is one of the eight brances of yoga, also known as the eightfold-path (补峁ａ弓腻苍驳补). Also see the fifth section of the 痴补谤腻丑补-耻辫补苍颈峁�a诲.

Yama is of ten kinds:

1. 补丑颈峁僺腻 (nonviolence)
2. satya (truthfulness)
3. asteya (not stealing)
4. brahmacarya (celibacy when single, not cheating on one's partner)
5. 办峁�a尘腻 (forgiveness)
6. 诲丑峁泃颈 (fortitude)
7. 诲补测腻 (compassion)
8. 腻谤箩补惫补 (non-hypocrisy, sincerity)
9. 尘颈迟腻丑腻谤补 (measured diet)
10. 艣补耻肠补 (purity, cleanliness)

context information

Yoga is originally considered a branch of Hindu philosophy (astika), but both ancient and modern Yoga combine the physical, mental and spiritual. Yoga teaches various physical techniques also known as 腻蝉补苍补s (postures), used for various purposes (eg., meditation, contemplation, relaxation).

Ayurveda (science of life)

Rasashastra (Alchemy and Herbo-Mineral preparations)

Source: Wisdom Library: Rasa-艣腻stra

驰腻尘补 (啶�啶距��):鈥擲anskrit technical term corresponding to 3 hours (or, 1/8^th of a day and night), used in 搁补蝉补艣腻蝉迟谤补 literature (Medicinal Alchemy) such as the 搁补蝉补辫谤补办腻艣补蝉耻诲丑腻办补谤补 or the Rasaratna-samuccaya.

context information

膧yurveda (啶嗋く啷佮ぐ啷嵿さ啷囙う, ayurveda) is a branch of Indian science dealing with medicine, herbalism, taxology, anatomy, surgery, alchemy and related topics. Traditional practice of 膧yurveda in ancient India dates back to at least the first millenium BC. Literature is commonly written in Sanskrit using various poetic metres.

Natyashastra (theatrics and dramaturgy)

Source: Wisdom Library: N腻峁瓂a-艣腻stra

Yama (啶�啶�) is the Sanskrit name of one of Bharata鈥檚 sons, mentioned in the N腻峁瓂a艣腻stra 1.26-33. After Brahm腻 created the N腻峁瓂aveda (苍腻峁瓂补艣腻蝉迟谤补), he ordered Bharata to teach the science to his (one hundred) sons. Bharata thus learned the N腻峁瓂aveda from Brahm腻, and then made his sons study and learn its proper application. After their study, Bharata assigned his sons (eg., Yama) various roles suitable to them.

context information

Natyashastra (啶ㄠぞ啶熰�嵿く啶多ぞ啶膏�嵿い啷嵿ぐ, 苍腻峁瓂补艣腻蝉迟谤补) refers to both the ancient Indian tradition (shastra) of performing arts, (natya鈥攖heatrics, drama, dance, music), as well as the name of a Sanskrit work dealing with these subjects. It also teaches the rules for composing Dramatic plays (nataka), construction and performance of Theater, and Poetic works (kavya).

Purana and Itihasa (epic history)

: archive.org: Puranic Encyclopedia

1) Yama (啶�啶�).鈥擪腻la. (For more details see under K腻la).

2) 驰腻尘补 (啶�啶距��).鈥擜 band of special gods of the Sv腻yambhuva Manvantara (See under Manvantara).

: archive.org: Nilamata Purana: a cultural and literary study

Yama (啶�啶�) refers to a deity that was once worshipped in ancient Kashmir (Ka艣尘墨ra) according to the N墨lamatapur腻峁嘺.鈥擸ama is the son of the god Sun, he is lord of the dead. His seven names are: Yama, Dharmar腻ja, M峁泃yu, Antaka, Vaivasvata, K腻la and Sarva辫谤腻峁嘺hara. Dh奴mror峁嚹� who is the wife of Yama according to the 惭补丑腻产丑腻谤补迟补 and the Vi峁ａ箛udharmottara Pur腻峁嘺 is mentioned in the N墨lamata, but her relation to Yama is not pointed out. Four places dedicated to Yama have been mentioned in the N墨lamata.

: archive.org: Shiva Purana - English Translation

1) Yama (啶�啶�) refers to 鈥渟elf-restraint鈥�. It is the first of the eight means of attaining mental concentration. The rest are 鈥�niyama, 腻蝉补苍补, 辫谤腻峁嚹乱腻尘补, 辫谤补迟测腻丑腻谤补, 诲丑腻谤补峁嚹�, 诲丑测腻苍补鈥� and 鈥�蝉补尘腻诲丑颈鈥�. For details see 鈥渂odhas腻ra鈥�, pp. 121-128. Yamas are usually said to be ten.

2) Yama (啶�啶�) refers to one of the eight guardians of the quarters, according to the 艢ivapur腻峁嘺 2.2.22. Accordingly as 艢iva said to Sit腻:鈥斺�淸...] the different parts of the mountain Meru seem to be echoing the pleasing sweet sounds of bees etc. which cause the incitement of love of the guardians of the quarters viz. Indra, Kubera, Yama, Varu峁嘺, Agni, Nir峁泃i, Marut (Wind) and the Supreme lord (莫艣a). Heaven, the abode of the Devas is stationed on the summits of the Meru wherein the cities of the guardians of the quarters are also situated. They are brilliant. Beautiful celestial damsels, Rambh腻, 艢ac墨, Menak腻 and others heighten their glory鈥�.

: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: The Purana Index

1a) Yama (啶�啶�).鈥�(Vaivasvata) the Lord of Pit峁泂; punishes men after death according to their actions, sinful or otherwise.¹ A son of Vivasvat (S奴rya) and Samj帽腻; explains the nature of dharma and the glory of Hari to his messengers (Yamad奴tas). Appeared in the form of a child before the queen and the subjects of Suyaj帽a weeping over his dead body and showed the truth that no amount of wailing would bring the dead back to life;² welcomed R腻ma and K峁涐梗峁嘺 and fulfilled their desire by restoring S腻ndip腻ni's son; presented P峁涐弓hu with a rod of justice. Punished N峁沢a to be a lizard for having given a cow of a Brahm补峁嘺 as a gift to another, and as the owner refused to accept the apologies and compensation offered by N峁沢a;³ fought with K腻lan腻bha in the Dev腻sura war; rode on buffalo to help Indra against K峁涐梗峁嘺 taking away p腻rij腻ta, but discomfited, ran away in fear;⁴ his authority set aside in the case of Aj腻mila. Dhruva is said to have set his foot on his head; was a 艢udra for a hundred years owing to a curse;⁵ His penance at Gokar峁嘺 and 艢iva made him lokap腻la; his city being Samyamana; represents the planet 艢anai艣cara; served as calf for Pit峁泂 milking the earth; Dharmar腻ja; Lord of three deva g补峁嘺s鈥� Amarttas, Aprak腻艣as, and Jyoti峁�mantas;⁶ narrated to 艢a艣abindu varieties of 艣r腻ddha; protested against the ill-treatment by his stepmother Ch腻测腻 and was cursed by her to lose his legs. [Cursed his legs to be sores and worms. His father gave him a cock to eat them. m.p.]. The father assured their restoration after a temporary loss; overlord of Pit峁泂.⁷ in charge of hells;⁸ buffalo, his riding animal;⁹ his active part in Tripuram, defeated by K腻lanemi;¹⁰ burnt with K腻ma and attained godhood again by pleasing 艢ankara by tapas;¹¹ dialogue of, with his servant about those who could not be taken to his region.¹² acted as calf when Antaka milked the cow-earth; other names of; world of;¹³ in the war against T腻raka: war with Grasana and the latter's success.¹⁴ 蝉补峁僾腻诲补 with S腻vitr墨; the latter's praise of;¹⁵ K腻la and M峁泃yu are assistants; god to be worshipped in house building.¹⁶ Image of, with Citragupta by the side; gift of buffalo pleasing to;¹⁷ (Dharmar腻ja): a golden image of him standing on a copper plate to be given to guru in Sapta尘墨svapana;¹⁸ weapon of 诲补峁囜笉补, used by, in the battle of Tripuram;¹⁹ seen by S腻vitr墨 while taking the life of her husband; blessed her with three requests of hers and finally the life of her husband;²⁰ meting out justice impartially;²¹ father of two daughters Upad腻nav墨 and Him腻.²²

• 1) Bh腻gavata-pur腻峁嘺 V. 26. 6; Matsya-pur腻峁嘺 8. 5; V腻yu-pur腻峁嘺 62. 186; 65. 52; 70. 8; Vi峁ａ箛u-pur腻峁嘺 I. 22. 5.
• 2) Bh腻gavata-pur腻峁嘺 VI. 6. 40; VIII. 13. 9; VI. 3. 12-34; VII. 2. 36-58;
• 3) Ib. X. 45. 42-6; IV. 15. 15; III. 30. 23; X. 64. 16-24.
• 4) Ib. VIII. 10. 29; X. [65 (v) 41]; [66 (v) 33-5]; Vi峁ａ箛u-pur腻峁嘺 V. 30. 60; VI. 5. 44.
• 5) Bh腻gavata-pur腻峁嘺 VI. 3. 2; IV. 12. 30; I. 13. 15.
• 6) Brahm腻峁囜笉a-pur腻峁嘺 II. 21. 31; 24. 49; 29. 65; 36. 208; III. 1. 52; 7. 253 and 330; 13. 72; Matsya-pur腻峁嘺 93. 14; 266. 21 and 63; V腻yu-pur腻峁嘺 50. 88; 69. 215; Vi峁ａ箛u-pur腻峁嘺 II. 8. 9; III. 7. 19, 35.
• 7) Brahm腻峁囜笉a-pur腻峁嘺 III. 18. 1; 24. 4; 59. 23, 52-80; Matsya-pur腻峁嘺 11. 4-20.
• 8) Brahm腻峁囜笉a-pur腻峁嘺 IV. 2. 151; 7. 54.
• 9) Matsya-pur腻峁嘺 67. 11.
• 10) Ib. 133. 63; 137. 32; 138. 25; 177. 50.
• 11) Ib. 191. 112-4.
• 12) Vi峁ａ箛u-pur腻峁嘺 II. 6. 6; III. 7. 5, 13-20.
• 13) Matsya-pur腻峁嘺 10. 19; 31. 12; 93. 14; 102. 22-3; 124. 22; 146. 77.
• 14) Ib. 148. 79-81; 150. 1-49; Vi峁ａ箛u-pur腻峁嘺 III. 2. 2.
• 15) Matsya-pur腻峁嘺 211. 14-28 and ch. 213 (whole).
• 16) Ib. 250. 46; 253. 25.
• 17) Ib. 261. 12; 268. 13.
• 18) Ib. 68. 20.
• 19) Ib. 135. 77.
• 20) Ib. 210. 5, chh. 211-14.
• 21) Ib. 213. 3.
• 22) V腻yu-pur腻峁嘺 68. 23; 69. 61; 75. 56; 82. 1; 101. 150, 286; 106, 46; 108. 4 and 31; 110 10 and 38.

1b) A Y腻j帽iya god.^*

• * Brahm腻峁囜笉a-pur腻峁嘺 II. 36. 33.

1c) A 尘耻丑奴谤迟补 of the night.^*

• * Brahm腻峁囜笉a-pur腻峁嘺 III. 3. 42.

1d) A Sukha god.^*

• * Brahm腻峁囜笉a-pur腻峁嘺 IV. 1. 18.

1e) A son of Havirdh腻na.^*

• * Matsya-pur腻峁嘺 4. 45.

1f) An 膧ditya.^*

• * Matsya-pur腻峁嘺 6. 4.

1g) The father of Ilin腻, (s.v.).^*

• * Matsya-pur腻峁嘺 49. 9.

1h) A Vasu; a son of Dharma and Sudev墨.^*

• * Matsya-pur腻峁嘺 171. 47.

1i) The agent of a class of devas.^*

• * V腻yu-pur腻峁嘺 10. 72.

1j) The son of Sure峁噓 and Vivasvan; ill-treated by stepmother Ch腻测腻, was about to kick her when she cursed him that he would lose his leg; he became Dharmar腻ja, lord of Pit峁泂 and Protector of the world.^*

• * V腻yu-pur腻峁嘺 84. 22, 56-61.

1k) A mukhya g补峁嘺.^*

• * V腻yu-pur腻峁嘺 100. 18.

1l) Prescriptions.^*

• * V腻yu-pur腻峁嘺 104. 14.

2) 驰腻尘补 (啶�啶距��).鈥擳he twelve devas born of Yaj帽a and Dak峁�i峁嚹� and waited on Hariyaj帽a;¹ they are Yadu, Ya测腻ti, Vivadha, Sr腻sata, Mati, Vibh腻sa, Kratu, Pra测腻ti, Vi艣ruta, Dyuti, V腻yavya and Samyama,² born in the epoch of Sv腻yambhuva Manu.³

• 1) Bh腻gavata-pur腻峁嘺 I. 3. 12; VIII. 1. 18.
• 2) Brahm腻峁囜笉a-pur腻峁嘺 II. 9. 45; 13. 89-90; V腻yu-pur腻峁嘺 10. 20; 31. 3, 6-7.
• 3) Matsya-pur腻峁嘺 9. 3; 51. 40; Vi峁ａ箛u-pur腻峁嘺 I. 7. 21; 12. 12.

: Institute of Buddhist Studies: Buddhist Forum, Volume 4 (itihasa)

Yama (啶�啶�).鈥擨n the 惭补丑腻产丑腻谤补迟补 (XII.92: 38), Yama is subordinate to 艢iva by whose appointment he becomes Lord of the Ancestors (Pit峁沺ati)鈥攊n other words Yama loses his automatic right to this position which he had initially earned through blazing a trail to the underworld as the first mortal. He does however gain compensation in other areas.

: JatLand: List of Mahabharata people and places

Yama (啶�啶�) is a name mentioned in the 惭补丑腻产丑腻谤补迟补 (cf. IX.44.15, IX.44.27) and represents one of the many proper names used for people and places. Note: The 惭补丑腻产丑腻谤补迟补 (mentioning Yama) is a Sanskrit epic poem consisting of 100,000 艣濒辞办补蝉 (metrical verses) and is over 2000 years old.

: Shodhganga: The saurapurana - a critical study

1) Yama (啶�啶�) refers to one of the various limbs of Yoga, according to the 10th century 厂补耻谤补辫耻谤腻峁嘺: one of the various Upapur腻峁嘺s depicting 艢aivism.鈥擜ccordingly, the eleventh chapter contains the dialogue of 艢iva and Skanda; the glories of the devotees of 艢iva and the devotion to 艢iva. The systems of Yoga along with its limbs Yama, Niyama, Ahi峁僺腻, Brahmacarya, Aparigraha, Sv腻dh腻ya, Sa峁僼o峁�a, 艢auca, Pr腻峁嚹宀饽宄静� and Sam腻dhi are described while various kinds of impediments to the practice of Yoga and the means of overcoming them are explained in the thirteenth chapter.

2) Yama (啶�啶�) is the son of 搁腻箩帽墨 and Bh腻skara (sun-god): the son of Aditi and 碍补艣测补辫补 according to the 痴补峁兣浤錸耻肠补谤颈迟补 section of the 厂补耻谤补辫耻谤腻峁嘺.鈥擜ccordingly, the 厂补耻谤补辫耻谤腻峁嘺 30.27-73 and chapter 31 descibes the 惫补峁兣浤錸耻肠补谤颈迟补 in an abridged form. It is stated that Aditi got from 碍补艣测补辫补, Bh腻skara, the Sun-god. The Sun-god had four wives鈥擲a峁僯帽腻, 搁腻箩帽墨, Prabh腻 and Ch腻测腻. Sa峁僯帽腻 gave birth to Manu from the Sun-god in whose race were born the kings. 搁腻箩帽墨 gave birth to Yama, Yamun腻 and Revanta.

context information

The Purana (啶�啷佮ぐ啶距��, pur腻峁嘺s) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India鈥檚 vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.

Kavya (poetry)

: Shodhganga: A critical appreciation of soddhalas udayasundarikatha

Yama (啶�啶�).鈥擸ama also called D补峁囜笉a and Antaka bas been mentioned fifty times in 峁歡veda and three whole hymns are dedicated to him in the 1st and the 10th 尘补峁囜笉补濒补蝉. He gives bliss to the good and woe to the bad in 峁歡veda. He is the god of death who destroys the world.

Yama in his epithet Antaka or K峁泃腻nta has been referred to by So岣嶀笉hala as devouring the worlds, Bhuvanabhojin and also bearing the deadly 诲补峁囜笉补.

context information

Kavya (啶曕ぞ啶掂�嵿��, kavya) refers to Sanskrit poetry, a popular ancient Indian tradition of literature. There have been many Sanskrit poets over the ages, hailing from ancient India and beyond. This topic includes mahakavya, or 鈥榚pic poetry鈥� and natya, or 鈥榙ramatic poetry鈥�.

Vedanta (school of philosophy)

: WikiPedia: Upanishads

In the Katha Upanishad, Yama is portrayed as a teacher. He is the father of Yudhisthira (also known as Dharmaraja), the oldest brother of the 5 Pandavas (Karna was born prior to Kunti's wedlock, so technically Karna is Yudhishthira's older brother) and is said to have incarnated as Vidura by some accounts in the Mahabharata period.

: Shodhganga: Siva Gita A Critical Study

Yama (啶�啶�) or Yamag墨t腻 refers to one of the sixty-four G墨t腻s commonly referred to in Hindu scriptures.鈥擥墨t腻 is the name given to certain sacred writings in verse (often in the form of a dialogue) which are devoted to the exposition of particular religious and theosophical doctrines. Most of these G墨t腻s [i.e., Yama-g墨t腻] originate from the 惭补丑腻产丑腻谤补迟补 or the various Pur腻峁嘺s.

context information

Vedanta (啶掂�囙う啶距え啷嵿��, ved腻nta) refers to a school of orthodox Hindu philosophy (astika), drawing its subject-matter from the Upanishads. There are a number of sub-schools of Vedanta, however all of them expound on the basic teaching of the ultimate reality (brahman) and liberation (moksha) of the individual soul (atman).

Shaktism (Shakta philosophy)

Source: Wisdom Library: 艢腻ktism

Yama (啶�啶�) refers to one of the 53 gods to be worshipped in the southern quarter and given 辫腻测补蝉补 (rice boiled in milk) according to the 痴腻蝉迟耻测腻驳补 rite in 艢aktism (cf. 艢腻rad腻tilaka-tantra III-V). The worship of these 53 gods happens after assigning them to one of the 64 compartment while constructing a 叠补濒颈尘补峁囜笉补辫补. V腻stu is the name of a prodigious demon, who was killed by 53 gods (e.g., Yama).

: Google Books: Manthanabhairavatantram

Yama (啶�啶�) refers to the 鈥渞estrictions鈥� (of observing vows and discipline), according to the according to the Kularatnoddyota, one of the earliest Kubjik腻 Tantras.鈥擜ccordingly, 鈥淥 venerable Kuje艣墨, you are the (goddess) who, tired of the restrictions (yama) (of observing) vows and discipline [惫谤补迟补苍颈测补尘补测补尘补颈岣�] on the path of meditation, (assumed the form of a) Li峁単a and, by virtue of the assumption (of that state, was) well established, contemplating the passion of supreme bliss (freely) as she desired. After having aroused her own Wheel called the Self-supported, She abided (thus) in the bliss of passion having cast (her) tongue forth from the cavern of her own mouth into (her own genitals), the secret part, engaged in the practice (of savouring) the delight of sex鈥�.

: academia.edu: The 艢腻rad腻tilakatantra on Yoga

Yama (啶�啶�) is explained by Lak峁�m补峁嘺de艣ika in his 11th-century 艢arad腻tilaka.鈥擶hile the Yoga蝉奴迟谤补蝉 list five yamas and five niyamas (2.30, 2.32), the 艢arad腻tilaka lists ten each (7鈥�9ab). The ten yamas are specified as abstaining from harming others, truthfulness, refraining from theft, celibacy, forbearance, sincerity, patience/forgiveness, steadfastness, moderation in eating, and purity. Lak峁�m补峁嘺de艣ika鈥檚 lists are similar to the ones found in later texts, such as the Yogak腻峁囜笉a of the Vasi峁ａ弓ha-sam蹋hit腻, and in Yoga-upani峁�ads (e.g. Dar艣ana-upani峁�ad 1.6 and 2.1, 艢腻峁囜笉ilya-upani峁�ad 1.4 and 2.1, 痴补谤腻丑补-耻辫补苍颈峁�a诲 5.12cd鈥�14ab and Tri艣ikhibr腻hm补峁嘺-upani峁�ad 2.32cd鈥�34ab).

context information

Shakta (啶多ぞ啶曕�嵿��, 艣腻kta) or Shaktism (艣腻ktism) represents a tradition of Hinduism where the Goddess (Devi) is revered and worshipped. Shakta literature includes a range of scriptures, including various Agamas and Tantras, although its roots may be traced back to the Vedas.

Vyakarana (Sanskrit grammar)

: Wikisource: A dictionary of Sanskrit grammar

1) Yama (啶�啶�).鈥擮ne of pair, a twin letter available in pronunciation before a nasal letter and similar to it, when the nasal consonant is preceded by any one of the four consonants of the five classes; a transitional sound intervening between a non-nasal and the following nasal as a counterpart of the n6n-nasal; cf. 啶掂ぐ啷嵿�椸�囙し啷嵿さ啶距う啷嵿く啶距え啶距�� 啶氞�囙い啷佮ぐ啷嵿ぃ啷� 啶�啶炧�嵿�氞ぎ啷� 啶�啶班�� 啶�啶о�嵿く啷� 啶�啶�啷� 啶ㄠぞ啶� 啶�啷傕ぐ啷嵿さ啶膏う啷冟ざ啷� 啶掂ぐ啷嵿ぃ啶� 啶�啷嵿ぐ啶距い啶苦ざ啶距�栢�嵿く啷� 啶�啷嵿ぐ啶膏た啶︵�嵿ぇ啶� (varge峁�v腻d测腻n腻峁� cetur峁噊 pa帽came pare madhye yamo n腻ma p奴rvasad峁浥沷 var峁嘺岣� pr腻ti艣腻khye prasiddha岣�) S.K. on P.VIII. l.1;

2) Yama.鈥擭ame given to the seven musical notes, found in the singing of Saaman; cf. 啶�啶ㄠ�嵿う啷嵿ぐ啶�啶о�嵿く啶�啶む�嵿ぐ啶距�栢�嵿く啷囙し啷� 啶む�嵿ぐ啶苦し啷� 啶掂ぞ啶氞�� 啶膏�嵿ぅ啶距え啷囙し啷� 啶�啷嵿ぐ啶む�嵿く啷囙�曕�� 啶膏い 啶膏�嵿ぅ啶班き啷囙う啶� 啶�啶掂え啷嵿い啶� 啶曕�佮し啷嵿�熰お啷嵿ぐ啶ムぎ啶︵�嵿さ啶苦い啷�啶�啶む�冟い啷�啶�啶氞い啷佮ぐ啷嵿ぅ啶�啶ㄠ�嵿う啷嵿ぐ啶距い啶苦い啷嵿さ啶距ぐ啷嵿く啶� 啶�啶�啶距�� (mandramadhyamatr腻khye峁�u tri峁�u v腻ca岣� sth腻ne峁�u pratyeka峁� sata stharabhed腻 bhavanti ku峁ａ弓aprathamadvit墨yat峁泃墨yacaturthamandr腻titv腻rya岣� yam腻岣�) ' T. Pr. XXIII. 13,14.

context information

Vyakarana (啶掂�嵿く啶距�曕ぐ啶�, v测腻kar补峁嘺) refers to Sanskrit grammar and represents one of the six additional sciences (vedanga) to be studied along with the Vedas. Vyakarana concerns itself with the rules of Sanskrit grammar and linguistic analysis in order to establish the correct context of words and sentences.

Dharmashastra (religious law)

: Knowledge Traditions & Practices of India: Education: Systems & Practices

Yama (啶�啶�, 鈥渟elf-restraint鈥�) forms part of the ancient Indian education system, which aimed at both the inner and the outer dimension of a person. Students living with the teacher (Guru or 膧c腻rya) led a life of self-control, abstinence, obedience and devotion and regulated their lives by adhering to yama (self-restraint) and niyama (five observances), that is, 艣补耻肠补 鈥� purity of body, mind, thought; 蝉补苍迟辞峁�a 鈥� positive contentment; tapas 鈥� austerity; 蝉惫腻诲丑测腻测补 鈥� self-study, introspection; and 墨艣惫补谤补辫谤补峁噄诲丑腻苍补 鈥� faith in and surrender to the gods.

context information

Dharmashastra (啶оぐ啷嵿ぎ啶多ぞ啶膏�嵿い啷嵿��, dharma艣腻stra) contains the instructions (shastra) regarding religious conduct of livelihood (dharma), ceremonies, jurisprudence (study of law) and more. It is categorized as smriti, an important and authoritative selection of books dealing with the Hindu lifestyle.

Shilpashastra (iconography)

: archive.org: Catalogue of Pancaratra Agama Texts (shilpa)

Yama (啶�啶�) refers to one of the 鈥渄irectional deities鈥� (濒辞办别艣补), whose iconographic details are discussed in chapter 28 of the 膧dik腻峁囜笉a of the 贬补测补艣墨谤峁�a蝉补峁僪颈迟腻: a large P腻帽car腻tra 膧gama consisting of roughly 6500 verses dealing primarily with architecture, temple-building and consecration rituals and iconography.鈥擠escription of the chapter [濒辞办别艣补-pratim腻-濒补办峁２贯箛a]: The iconography for the following eight directional deities are given [e.g., Yama (5-6)] [...].

: Shodhganga: The significance of the m奴la-beras (艣颈濒辫补)

Yama (啶�啶�) is one of the 础峁ａ弓补诲颈办辫腻濒补办补 (鈥渆ight guardians of the directions鈥�), as defined according to texts dealing with 艣颈濒辫补 (arts and crafs), known as 艣颈濒辫补艣腻stras.鈥擳he hand poses for the eight 诲颈办辫腻濒补蝉 (guardians of directions) are described in the Abhinayadarp补峁嘺 and they are followed in the dance performance. Yama is found holding a club in his left hand near the left shoulder and in the right hand holding the rope of the buffalo on which he rides. In Abhinayadarp补峁嘺, the hastas described for Yama are as follows: When the left and the right hands hold 辫腻艣补 and 蝉奴肠墨-丑补蝉迟补蝉 respectively, then it is yama-hasta. If the left hand assumes 蝉奴肠墨-丑补蝉迟补 and is placed above the shoulder while the right hand holding alapadma-hasta indicates offering of 辫颈峁囜笉补蝉 (balls of rice) to Pit峁泂 (manes), then it is called yama-hasta. When the left hand assumes 蝉奴肠墨-丑补蝉迟补 and is placed on the left shoulder while the right hand holds alapallava-hasta on the chest, then also it is called yama-hasta.

Yama can also be depicted with 尘耻峁ａ弓颈-尘耻诲谤腻 in the left hand as if holding the 驳补诲腻 and 办补辫颈迟迟丑补-尘耻诲谤腻 in the right hand as if holding the 辫腻艣补. This position of the hands for Yama is not mentioned in Abhinayadarp补峁嘺.

: Shodhganga: Elements of Art and Architecture in the Trtiyakhanda of the Visnudharmottarapurana (shilpa)

Yama (啶�啶�) iconography is described in the Vi峁ａ箛udharmottarapur腻峁嘺, an ancient Sanskrit text which (being encyclopedic in nature) deals with a variety of cultural topics such as arts, architecture, music, grammar and astronomy.鈥擜ccording to the Vi峁ａ箛udharmottarapur腻峁嘺, the colour of the image of Yama should be very dark like water loaded cloud. The image of Yama should have four hands. The image of Yama should hold a 岣嵅贯箛岣峚 and a kha岣峠a in his right hands and a carma with one of his left hands. It is suggested that the garment of Yama should be in the colour of heated gold. [...] According to the Vi峁ａ箛udharmottarapur腻峁嘺, the image of Yama should be made along with his two companions viz., Citragupta and K腻la. The image of Yama should be made along with his wife Dh奴mor峁嚹�.

context information

Shilpashastra (啶多た啶侧�嵿お啶多ぞ啶膏�嵿い啷嵿ぐ, 艣颈濒辫补艣腻stra) represents the ancient Indian science (shastra) of creative arts (shilpa) such as sculpture, iconography and painting. Closely related to Vastushastra (architecture), they often share the same literature.

Shaivism (Shaiva philosophy)

: Shodhganga: Temple management in the 膧gamas

驰腻尘补 (啶�啶距��) refers to a basic unit of time and equals 3 hours, while 8 测腻尘补蝉 corresponds to 24 hours (= one day). The Arcan腻峁単avidhi of P奴rvak腻mik腻gama first details the time measurement used before explaining the 辫奴箩腻 schedule. The 膧gama divides a day into eight major time periods, further divided into smaller units. The smallest and most basic unit of time is one 蝉惫腻蝉补. Sixty 蝉惫腻蝉补 constitute one 辫谤腻峁嘺. Sixty 辫谤腻峁嘺 constitute one 驳丑补峁璱办腻. Calculation is made from sunrise. Seven and a half 驳丑补峁璱办腻 is equal to one 测腻尘补. A day consists of eight 测腻尘补, or sixty 驳丑补峁璱办腻. The intersection of two 测腻尘补 periods is called sandhi, thus there are eight sandhi in a day.

context information

Shaiva (啶多�堗��, 艣aiva) or Shaivism (艣aivism) represents a tradition of Hinduism worshiping Shiva as the supreme being. Closely related to Shaktism, Shaiva literature includes a range of scriptures, including Tantras, while the root of this tradition may be traced back to the ancient Vedas.

Vaishnavism (Vaishava dharma)

: Pure Bhakti: Bhajana-rahasya - 2nd Edition

驰腻尘补 (啶�啶距��) refers to:鈥�(same as prahara) one of the eight periods of the day. Each 测腻尘补 consists of approximately three hours. (cf. Glossary page from Bhajana-Rahasya).

: Pure Bhakti: Brhad Bhagavatamrtam

驰腻尘补 (啶�啶距��) refers to:鈥�(or Prah腻ra) One of the eight periods of the day. Each 测腻尘补 consists of approximately three hours. (cf. Glossary page from 艢r墨 B峁沨ad-bh腻gavat腻m峁泃a).

context information

Vaishnava (啶掂�堗し啷嵿ぃ啶�, vai峁ａ箛ava) or vaishnavism (vai峁ａ箛avism) represents a tradition of Hinduism worshipping Vishnu as the supreme Lord. Similar to the Shaktism and Shaivism traditions, Vaishnavism also developed as an individual movement, famous for its exposition of the dashavatara (鈥榯en avatars of Vishnu鈥�).

Jyotisha (astronomy and astrology)

Source: Wisdom Library: Brihat Samhita by Varahamihira

1) Yama (啶�啶�) refers to 鈪� (one-eighth) of a solar day, according to the B峁沨atsa峁僪it腻 (chapter 2), an encyclopedic Sanskrit work written by Var腻hamihira mainly focusing on the science of ancient Indian astronomy astronomy (Jyoti峁�a).鈥擜ccordingly, 鈥淲e shall now proceed to give a brief description of (the qualifications of) a 箩测辞迟颈峁�a办补. [...] He must have a correct, knowledge of a yuga (43,20,000 Solar years), 惫补谤峁�a (a solar year), 腻测补苍补 (6 solar months), 峁泃耻 (2 solar months), 尘腻蝉补 (a solar month), 辫补办峁�a (15 solar days), 补丑辞谤腻迟谤补 (a solar day), yama (one-eighth of a solar day), 尘耻丑奴谤迟补 (one-thirtieth of a solar day), 苍腻岣嵞� (one-sixtieth of a solar day or 24 minutes), 惫颈苍腻岣峣 (one sixtieth of a 苍腻岣嵞� or 24 seconds), 辫谤腻峁嘺 (4 seconds) 迟谤耻峁璱 (33, 75th of a second) and parts of a 迟谤耻峁璱 and other divisions of time and also of divisions of space鈥�.

2) Yama (啶�啶�) refers to the planet Mercury, according to the B峁沨atsa峁僪it腻 (chapter 4).鈥擜ccordingly, 鈥淚f, during the waxing moon, Mars [i.e., kuja] should be eclipsed by a horn, the border (mleccha) princes as well as wicked rulers will suffer; if Saturn [i.e., yama] should be so eclipsed there will be fear from weapons and from hunger; if Mercury should be so eclipsed there will be drought and famine in the land; if Jupiter should be so eclipsed eminent princes will suffer; and if Venus, the minor princes will suffer. As regards the waning moon the subject has been elsewhere treated鈥�.

3) Yama (啶�啶�) is the lord over the new and full moon periods of the seventh six months, according to the B峁沨atsa峁僪it腻 (chapter 5).鈥擜ccordingly, 鈥淸...] Commencing from the time of creation, ... Varu峁嘺 is the lord over the new and full moon periods of the fifth six months; Agni over those of the sixth six months and Yama over those of the seventh six months; [...] If Varu峁嘺 should be the lord, princes will suffer; the rest will be happy and crops will flourish. If Agni should be the lord, there will be good crops, and there will also be health, freedom from fear and abundance of water. If Yama should be the lord, there will be drought, famine, and total blight of crops; in the next parva mankind will be afflicted with misery, hunger, death and drought鈥�.

context information

Jyotisha (啶溹�嵿く啷嬥い啶苦��, 箩测辞迟颈峁�a or jyotish) refers to 鈥榓stronomy鈥� or 鈥淰edic astrology鈥� and represents the fifth of the six Vedangas (additional sciences to be studied along with the Vedas). Jyotisha concerns itself with the study and prediction of the movements of celestial bodies, in order to calculate the auspicious time for rituals and ceremonies.

Vastushastra (architecture)

: Brill: 艢aivism and the Tantric Traditions (architecture)

Yama (啶�啶�) refers to one of the deities to be installed in the ground plan for the construction of houses, according to the B峁沨atk腻lottara, chapter 112 (the 惫腻蝉迟耻测腻驳补-辫补峁璦濒补).鈥擳he plan for the construction is always in the form of a square. That square is divided into a grid of cells (padas). [...] Once these padas have been laid out, deities [e.g., Yama] are installed in them. In the most common pattern 45 deities are installed.

Yama as a doorway deity is associated with the Nak峁�atra called Bhar补峁嚹� and the consequence is 办峁�a测补. [...] The Mayasa峁僩raha (verse 5.156-187) describes a design for a 9-by-9-part pura, a residential complex for a community and its lead figure. [...] This record lists a place for ascetics to achieve contemplation of the self (sa峁儾饽錷in腻峁� sth腻nam 腻tm腻lokanasiddhaye) at Yama.

context information

Vastushastra (啶掂ぞ啶膏�嵿い啷佮ざ啶距じ啷嵿い啷嵿��, v腻stu艣腻stra) refers to the ancient Indian science (shastra) of architecture (vastu), dealing with topics such architecture, sculpture, town-building, fort building and various other constructions. Vastu also deals with the philosophy of the architectural relation with the cosmic universe.

Ganitashastra (Mathematics and Algebra)

: archive.org: Hindu Mathematics

Yama (啶�啶�) represents the number 2 (two) in the 鈥渨ord-numeral system鈥� (产丑奴迟补蝉补峁僰丑测腻), which was used in Sanskrit texts dealing with astronomy, mathematics, metrics, as well as in the dates of inscriptions and manuscripts in ancient Indian literature.鈥擜 system of expressing numbers by means of words arranged as in the place-value notation was developed and perfected in India in the early centuries of the Christian era. In this system the numerals [e.g., 2鈥�yama] are expressed by names of things, beings or concepts, which, naturally or in accordance with the teaching of the 艢腻stras, connote numbers.

context information

Ganita (啶椸ぃ啶苦い) or Ganitashastra refers to the ancient Indian science of mathematics, algebra, number theory, arithmetic, etc. Closely allied with astronomy, both were commonly taught and studied in universities, even since the 1st millennium BCE. Ganita-shastra also includes ritualistic math-books such as the Shulba-sutras.

Pancaratra (worship of N腻r腻y补峁嘺)

: archive.org: Catalogue of Pancaratra Agama Texts

1a) Yama (啶�啶�) (seated on a buffalo) is associated with the third court (腻惫补谤补峁嘺) of the temple, as discussed in the ninth chapter of the 莫艣varasa峁僪it腻 (printed edition), a P腻帽car腻tra work in 8200 verses and 24 chapters dealing with topics such as routines of temple worship, major and minor festivals, temple-building and initiation.鈥擠escription of the chapter [dv腻r腻惫补谤补峁嘺-devat腻濒补办峁２贯箛a-腻di-vidhi]: This chapter concerns the daily ritual obligations owed to the deities whose abodes are fixed in the temple doorways鈥擺...] In the third court [腻惫补谤补峁嘺] will be found, in due order, the ten deities: Indra on his elephant, Agni on his goat, Yama on his buffalo, R腻k峁�ase艣vara (=Nir峁泃i) on a corpse, Varu峁嘺 on the makara-whale, V腻yu on a deer. Moon on his rabbit, 艢iva on his bull, Ananta on his tortoise, and Brahm腻 on his swan (89-105a). In the entrance to this third courtyard, at the gopura, will be found Sudar艣ana (105b-115).

1b) Yama (啶�啶�) is the name of a deity whose icon is worshiped for the benefit of 鈥渓ongevity鈥�, as discussed in the twenty-eighth chapter of the 狈腻谤补诲墨测补蝉补峁僪颈迟腻: a P腻帽car腻tra document comprising over 3000 verses in 30 chapters presenting in a narrative framework the teachings of N腻rada to Gautama, dealing primarily with modes of worship and festivals.鈥擠escription of the chapter [蝉补谤惫补诲别惫补迟腻-蝉迟丑腻辫补苍补惫颈诲丑颈]: N腻rada describes how to sanctify [辫谤补迟颈峁ａ弓丑腻] all the icons of the Lord, along with worship appropriate to each god for specified ends: [e.g., Yama for longevity (66-70a)] [...]. In discussing next the shrine dedicated to each, he describes their shapes, proportions, the building materials used, the types and postures of the icons contained therein, various appointments and subsidiary parts, and finally the spectrum of worship appropriate in them (107b-1402).

1c) Yama (啶�啶�) (=Vaivasvata) is the name of a deity for whom the Y腻ga (鈥渨orship and offering鈥�) is discussed in chapter 1 of the 艢ivar腻tra section of the 厂补苍补迟办耻尘腻谤补蝉补峁僪颈迟腻: an encyclopedic Sanskrit text written in over 3500 verses dealing with a variety of topics such as yoga, temple-building, consecration ceremonies, initiation and dhanurveda (martial arts).鈥擠escription of the chapter [迟颈迟丑颈-测腻驳补]: Sanatkum腻ra proposes to deal here briefly with 迟颈迟丑颈测腻驳补 concerns during the bright fortnight. [...] Then follow directions for the 测腻驳补蝉 of Yama (=Vaivasvata) (231-251); [...]

2) Yama (啶�啶�) refers to one of the eight steps of Karma-Yoga, as discussed in chapter 1 (Yogap腻da) of the 笔补诲尘补蝉补峁僪颈迟腻: the most widely followed of Sa峁僪it腻 covering the entire range of concerns of P腻帽car腻tra doctrine and practice (i.e., the four-fold formulation of subject matter鈥�箩帽腻苍补, yoga, 办谤颈测腻 and 肠补谤测腻) consisting of roughly 9000 verses.鈥擠escription of the chapter [腻蝉补苍补bheda-濒补办峁２贯箛a]:鈥擝rahm腻 asks to know about Yogas. Bhagav腻n replies that there are two kinds of Yoga鈥�karmayoga and 箩帽腻苍补yoga. [...] A devotee may achieve liberation by either method [...] however, in the case of karmayoga it is to be noted that the eight steps are especially defined鈥�

Yama [the first step] involves ten practices:

1. 补丑颈峁僺腻,
2. satya,
3. asteya,
4. brahmacarya,
5. 诲补测腻,
6. 腻谤箩补惫补,
7. 办峁�a尘腻,
8. 诲丑峁泃颈,
9. 尘颈迟腻丑腻谤补 and
10. 艣补耻肠补;

context information

Pancaratra (啶�啶距�炧�嵿�氞ぐ啶距い啷嵿ぐ, p腻帽car腻tra) represents a tradition of Hinduism where Narayana is revered and worshipped. Closeley related to Vaishnavism, the Pancaratra literature includes various Agamas and tantras incorporating many Vaishnava philosophies.

Gitashastra (science of music)

: Shodhganga: Kohala in the Sanskrit textual tradition (gita)

Yama (啶�啶�) refers to the celestial being associated with the 艢谤耻迟颈蝉 of the Ni峁Ｄ錮a-Svara of the Octave in Indian Music (often described in literature as consisting of twenty-two 艣谤耻迟颈蝉).鈥擪ohala brings out different theories on the number of 艣谤耻迟颈蝉. He says that some believe in twenty-two, 艣谤耻迟颈蝉, some in sixty-six and others believe in infinity. Bharata and many subsequent authors including 艢腻r峁単adeva etc. spoke of twenty-two 艣谤耻迟颈蝉. The Ni峁Ｄ錮a note is associated with Yama representing the celestial being from whom the underlying 艣谤耻迟颈蝉 originated.

context information

Gitashastra (啶椸��啶むざ啶距じ啷嵿い啷嵿ぐ, 驳墨迟补艣腻蝉迟谤补) refers to the ancient Indian science of Music (gita or samgita), which is traditionally divided in Vocal music, Instrumental music and Dance (under the jurisdiction of music). The different elements and technical terms are explained in a wide range of (often Sanskrit) literature.

General definition (in Hinduism)

Source: Wisdom Library: Hinduism

Yama (啶�啶�, 鈥渂inder, restraint鈥�):鈥擧e is the vedic deity of death and judges them before his throne. He represents the embodiment of righteousness (Dharma). He is the son of Vivasvat, the Sun God, his brother is Manu and his twin sister is Ya尘墨. He is married to ten daughters of Dak峁�a (鈥榬itual skill鈥�) and lives in Samyamini with his scribe Citragupta.

: archive.org: Vedic index of Names and Subjects

Yama (啶�啶�) denotes 鈥榯wins鈥�, the birth of which is frequently alluded to in Vedic literature. Twins of different sex seem to be indicated by the expression yamau mithunau. There are traces of the belief鈥攚idely spread among negro and other races鈥攖hat twins are uncanny and of evil omen, but there are also vestiges of the opposite opinion, that twins are lucky.

: Red Zambala: Iconography of the Vedic Deities

Yama (the Binder) is the god of death, the sovereign of the infernal regions. The wrathful one, who judges the dead, whom his messengers drag before his throne. He is the embodiment of righteousness (Dharma) and the king- of-justice (dharma-r腻ja). He is, however, compassionate. In the Vedas, Yama is the First Ancestor and the king-of- Ancestors (辫颈迟峁�-谤腻箩补). He rules over the kingdom of the dead where the Ancestors dwell. He is also the king-of- ghosts (辫谤别迟补-谤腻箩补).

Yama is the son of the resplendent Sun god 鈥擵ivasvat (Rig Veda 10.14.5), the embodiment of social morality represented as one of the aspects of the Sun and envisaged as the progenitor of humankind. Yama's brother is the Lawgiver, Manu, who shares with him the title of progenitor of humankind.

: Institute of Buddhist Studies: Buddhist Forum, Volume 4 (hinduism)

Yama (啶�啶�) is called Death (尘峁泃测耻) and Ender (antaka); he is now the god of Death itself, not merely god of the dead. He grows in significance and menace along with the doctrine of transmigration which, in the Br腻hm补峁嘺s, is invariably seen as an unpleasant succession of deaths:

鈥淰erily there are deaths connected with all the worlds and were he not to offer oblations to them, Death would get hold of him in every world; when he offers oblations to the Deaths he wards off death in every world.鈥� (艢atapatha-br腻hm补峁嘺 XIII, 5.1.2)

As Death Yama has knowledge of death and knowledge of the means of escaping its clutches. Occasionally, he can be made to reveal aspects of this knowledge, which he does in ways which belie his dread nature.

: Shodhganga: Elements of Art and Architecture in the Trtiyakhanda of the Visnudharmottarapurana (h)

Yama (啶�啶�) controls our lives and gives the result of our lives. In Hindu mythology, Yama is recognized as the god of death. In the 峁歡veda, god Yama is prayed for leading the devotees to the path through which their ancestors departed. [...] In the 峁歡veda, two dogs of Yama are referred to as yamad奴ta i.e., the messenger of Yama. So, there may be a connection between the relation of Citragupta, K腻la and Yama with the Vedic portrayal of the two dogs with Yama.

In Buddhism

Theravada (major branch of Buddhism)

: Pali Kanon: Pali Proper Names

The god of death. (See, e.g., DhA.iii.337; Yamassa santikam = Maranasantikam).

When beings die they are led before him to be judged according to their deeds. Birth, old age, illness, punishment for crime and death, are regarded as his messengers, sent among men as a warning to abstain from ill and do good. Yama questions beings brought before him as to whether they have seen these messengers and profited by them. If the answer is in the negative, the nirayapalas take them away to the different hells (M.iii.179ff).

In the Mahasamaya Sutta (D.ii.259) mention is made of two Yamas (duve Yama), which the Commentary explains (DA.ii.690) by dve Yamakadevata (the twins, whom Rhys Davids calls the Castor and Pollux of Indian Mythology, in Dial.ii.290, n.1). Elsewhere (AA.i.374; MA.ii.953) Buddhaghosa speaks of four Yamas (im c esa eko va hoti, catusu pana dvaresu cattaro jana honti) at the four gates (of the Nirayas?). He says that Yama is a Vemanikapetaraja, who sometimes enjoys all the pleasures of heaven, in a celestial mansion, surrounded by kapparukkhas, and at other times experiences the fruits of his kamma. He is a good king.

In the Jatakas* the Nirayas are particularly mentioned as Yamas abode (Yamakkhaya, Yamanivesana, Yamasadana, etc.); but, more generally, all Samsara is considered as subject to Yamas rule, and escape from samsara means escape from Yamas influence, Yama being the god of Death. It is evidently in this sense that Yama is called Vesayi (q.v.) (J.ii.317, 318). Yama is sometimes mentioned** with Indra, Varuna, Soma, Pajapati, etc., as a god to whom sacrifices are offered. There is a tradition (A.i.142) that once Yama longed to be born as a human being and to sit at the feet of a Tathagata.

Yamas Nayanayudha is mentioned (SNA.i.225) among the most destructive of weapons.

* E.g., J.ii.318; iv.273; v.268, 274, 304. The Vetarani is mentioned as forming the boundary of Yamas kingdom (i.21; J.ii.317; iii.472; but see ii.318). At J.iv.405, Yamas abode is called Ussadaniraya. DhA.i.334 explains Yamaloka by Catubbidham apayalokam. Cp. PvA.33 (Yamaloko ti petaloko); ibid., 107 (Yamavisayam = Petalokam).

** E.g., J.vi.201; D.i.244; at Mil.37 the list includes Kuvera, Suyama and Santusita; cp. Mtu i.265; iii.68, 77; 77, 307.

-- or --

1. Yama. A class of Devas, mentioned in lists of devas between those of Tavatimsa and those of Tusita (E.g., Vin.i.12, A.i.228; iii.287; M.ii.194; iii.100, etc.). Two hundred years of human life are but one day to the Yama deva, and two thousand Years, composed of such days, form their life period (A.i.213; iv.253). Sirima, sister of Jivaka, was born after death in the Yama world and became the wife of Suyama, king of

Yamabhavana. From there she visited the Buddha with five hundred others. SNA i.244f.; see also VvA.246 for an upasaka born in the Yama world.

context information

Therav腻da is a major branch of Buddhism having the the Pali canon (tipitaka) as their canonical literature, which includes the vinaya-pitaka (monastic rules), the sutta-pitaka (Buddhist sermons) and the abhidhamma-pitaka (philosophy and psychology).

Tibetan Buddhism (Vajrayana or tantric Buddhism)

: Wisdom Library: Vajrayogini

Yama (啶�啶�) is the name of the protector (dikpati) associated with 厂耻产丑墨峁２贯箛a: the southern cremation ground (艣尘补艣腻苍补) according to the Vajrav腻r腻h墨-蝉腻诲丑补苍补 by Um腻patideva as found in te 12th century Guhyasamaya蝉腻诲丑补苍补m腻l腻. As a part of this 蝉腻诲丑补苍补, the practicioner is to visualize a suitable dwelling place for the goddess inside the circle of protection which takes the form of eight cremation grounds.

These protectors (e.g., Yama) are variously known as dikpati, 诲颈办辫腻濒补 and 濒辞办腻辫补濒补 and can be traced to 辫耻谤腻峁噄肠 legends where eight protectors are assigned to each direction by Brahm腻. According to the 艢ma艣腻navidhi verse 20, these protectors are in union with their wives and have four arms, two of which make the 补帽箩补濒颈 gesture of obeisance, while the second pair usually holds a skull bowl and a tantric weapon. They are variously depicted upon their respective mounts, or sitting at the base of the tree.

Source: Wisdom Library: Tibetan Buddhism

1) Yama (啶�啶�) refers to one of the male Vid测腻-beings mentioned as attending the teachings in the 6th century Ma帽ju艣r墨m奴lakalpa: one of the largest Kri测腻 Tantras devoted to Ma帽ju艣r墨 (the Bodhisattva of wisdom) representing an encyclopedia of knowledge primarily concerned with ritualistic elements in Buddhism. The teachings in this text originate from Ma帽ju艣r墨 and were taught to and by Buddha 艢腻kyamuni in the presence of a large audience (including Yama).

2) Yama (啶�啶�) also refers to a deity summoned by the Yam腻ntaka-mantra and mentioned as attending the teachings in the 6th century Ma帽ju艣r墨m奴lakalpa.

3) Yama (啶�啶�) is also the name of a R腻k峁�asa mentioned as attending the teachings in the 6th century Ma帽ju艣r墨m奴lakalpa.

4) Yama (啶�啶�) also refers to a group of deities (from the similarly-named heaven) mentioned as attending the teachings in the 6th century Ma帽ju艣r墨m奴lakalpa.

: Google Books: Vajrayogini

Yama (啶�啶�).鈥擯rotector deity of the southern cremation ground.鈥擸ama is associated with the south and with the sun (vivasvat, descended from S奴rya), hence he is also Vaivasvata (Guhyasamaya蝉腻诲丑补苍补m腻l腻 34) or 鈥淵amavaivasvata鈥�. He is also god of death, K腻la, whose agents brings departed souls to Yamapur墨. Iconographically, the 艢ma艣腻navidhi describes Yama as mounted on a buffalo (尘补丑颈峁Ｄ錼奴岣峢补), black, red-eyed, fat, fearsome, holding a stick/cudgel (诲补峁囜笉补) and a skull bowl.

: archive.org: The Indian Buddhist Iconography

Yama (啶�啶�) (direction: south) refers to one of the eight 顿颈办辫腻濒补蝉, commonly depicted in Buddhist Iconography, and mentioned in the 11th-century Ni峁�pannayog腻val墨 of Mah腻p补峁囜笉ita Abha测腻kara.鈥擧is Colour is blue; his Vehicle is the buffalo; he has two arms

Yama is described in the Ni峁�pannayog腻val墨 (诲丑补谤尘补诲丑腻迟耻惫腻驳墨艣惫补谤补-尘补峁囜笉补濒补) as follows:鈥�

鈥淚n the south, there is Yama riding on a Buffalo. He is blue in colour and holds in his two hands the staff of death and the 艣奴濒补鈥�.

[Yama, the God of Death is fairly popular in Tibet where his images are found]

: academia.edu: The Structure and Meanings of the Heruka M补峁囜笉ala

1) Yama (啶�啶�) refers to one of the eight direction-guardians (诲颈办辫腻濒补) of the 骋耻峁嘺肠补办谤补, according to the 10th century 岣屇錵腻谤峁嘺惫补 chapter 15. Accordingly, the 驳耻峁嘺肠补办谤补 refers to one of the four divisions of the 蝉补丑补箩补-辫耻峁璦 (鈥榠nnate layer鈥�), situated within the padma (lotus) in the middle of the 贬别谤耻办补尘补峁囜笉补濒补. Yama is associated with the charnel grounds (艣尘补艣腻苍补) named Vibh墨峁２贯箛a; with the tree (惫峁沰峁�a) named C奴ta; with the serpent king (苍腻驳别苍诲谤补) named Padma and with the cloud king (meghendra) named 膧varta.

2) Yama (啶�啶�) also refers to one of the female world-guardians (濒辞办补辫腻濒颈苍墨) of the 惭别诲颈苍墨肠补办谤补, according to the same work. Accordingly, the 尘别诲颈苍墨肠补办谤补 refers to one of the three divisions of the 诲丑补谤尘补-辫耻峁璦 (鈥榙harma layer鈥�), situated in the 贬别谤耻办补尘补峁囜笉补濒补. Yam腻 is associated with the charnel ground (艣尘补艣腻苍补) named Sa峁僼r腻蝉补苍补; with the tree (惫峁沰峁�a) named Ak峁�i峁璦ka; with a female serpent (苍腻驳颈苍墨) and with a female cloud (尘别驳丑颈苍墨).

context information

Tibetan Buddhism includes schools such as Nyingma, Kadampa, Kagyu and Gelug. Their primary canon of literature is divided in two broad categories: The Kangyur, which consists of Buddha鈥檚 words, and the Tengyur, which includes commentaries from various sources. Esotericism and tantra techniques (惫补箩谤补测腻苍补) are collected indepently.

Mahayana (major branch of Buddhism)

Source: Wisdom Library: Maha Prajnaparamita Sastra

驰腻尘补 (啶�啶距��) is part of the six groups of Gods inhabiting the 碍腻尘补诲丑腻迟耻 (the first of the three worlds), according to the 2nd century Mah腻praj帽腻p腻ramit腻艣腻stra chapter 32-34. The six classes of gods of the desire realm (办腻尘补诲丑腻迟耻), attached to the five desirable objects, will fall into the hells (niraya) and be subjected to all the sufferings.

The 驰腻尘补 gods represents one of the seven destination of rebirths in 办腻尘补诲丑腻迟耻, according to chapter XLIX, 鈥淸...] another, of pure generosity and morality, who loves to learn and whose mind is gentle, is reborn among the 驰腻尘补 gods鈥�.

: academia.edu: A Study and Translation of the Gaganaga帽japarip峁沜ch腻

1) Yama (啶�啶�) or Yamaloka refers to the 鈥渨orld of death鈥�, according to the Gaganaga帽japarip峁沜ch腻: the eighth chapter of the Mah腻sa峁僴ip腻ta (a collection of Mah腻测腻na Buddhist S奴tras).鈥擜ccordingly, 鈥淸Characteristics of behavior of all beings] [...] The behaviour鈥檚 essence, essential character (濒补办峁２贯箛a), [...] the essential character of the lord of the world of death (yamaloka-濒补办峁２贯箛a), the essential character of gods, the essential character of human being, the essential character of the entrance into the fixed course of disciples, the essential character of the entrance into the fixed course of isolated Buddhas, [...]鈥攈e knows all the essential characters of behavior truly as they are, and there is no fault at all in his understanding鈥�.

2) 驰腻尘补 (啶�啶距��) is the name of a Heaven, according to the Gaganaga帽japarip峁沜ch腻.鈥擜ccordingly, as Vimalaprabh腻nantara艣mir腻ja said to king Pu峁嚥饽錶a峁僰腻ra: 鈥淸...] In this way, son of good family, when the rain of all kinds of jewels poured down from open space, the gods of the earth (bhauma), filled with admiration, said that this Bodhisattva is supposed to become the Gaganaga帽ja. When such rain of all kinds of jewels poured down, just as the gods of the earth said, so the gods of the C腻turmah腻r腻jika heaven, the Tr腻yastri峁兣沘 heaven, the 驰腻尘补 heaven, the Tu峁�ita heaven, and the Nirm腻峁嘺rati heaven, filled with admiration, also said that this Bodhisattva is supposed to become the Gaganaga帽ja. [...]鈥�.

context information

Mahayana (啶�啶灌ぞ啶�啶距え, mah腻测腻na) is a major branch of Buddhism focusing on the path of a Bodhisattva (spiritual aspirants/ enlightened beings). Extant literature is vast and primarely composed in the Sanskrit language. There are many 蝉奴迟谤补蝉 of which some of the earliest are the various Praj帽腻p腻ramit腻 蝉奴迟谤补蝉.

General definition (in Buddhism)

Source: Wisdom Library: Dharma-samgraha

Yama (啶�啶�) refers to the second of the 鈥渆ight world protectors鈥� (补峁ａ弓补濒辞办补辫腻濒补) as defined in the Dharma-sa峁僩raha (section 8). The Dharma-samgraha (Dharmasangraha) is an extensive glossary of Buddhist technical terms in Sanskrit (e.g., 补峁ａ弓补濒辞办补辫腻濒补 and Yama). The work is attributed to Nagarguna who lived around the 2nd century A.D.

Yama is, besides one of the 鈥渆ight world protectors鈥� (补峁ａ弓补濒辞办补辫腻濒补), one of the 鈥渢en world protectors鈥� (诲补艣补濒辞办补辫腻濒补) and one of the 鈥渇ourteen world protectors鈥� (catur诲补艣补濒辞办补辫腻濒补).

Source: Wisdom Library: Buddhism

Yama:鈥�(also called King Yama) the ruler of hell who judges people for their acts while alive.

In Jainism

General definition (in Jainism)

: archive.org: The Jaina Iconography

Yama (啶�啶�) refers to one of the 顿颈办辫腻濒补 or 鈥済uardians of the quarters鈥�, a class of deities within Jainism commonly depicted in Jaina art and iconography.鈥擸ama, the god of death, who governs the south regions, is to be sculptured both according to the 艢vet腻mbaras and Digambaras, as riding on a buffalo and holding a staff. He is known to be the son of the sun and accompanied by his wife called Ch腻测腻. His chief function is not only to guard the south but also to pronounce judgment on merits and demerits of departed souls.

: The University of Sydney: A study of the Twelve Reflections

Yama (啶�啶�) refers to 鈥渞estraint鈥�, according to the 11th century J帽腻n腻r峁嘺va, a treatise on Jain Yoga in roughly 2200 Sanskrit verses composed by 艢ubhacandra.鈥擜ccordingly, 鈥淔urther, for the complete attainment of the desire for liberation, non-attachment, restraint (yama)and tranquillity, those [twelve reflections] are tied to the post of the mind by mendicants desiring liberation鈥�.

Synonyms: M峁泃yu, Vrata.

context information

Jainism is an Indian religion of Dharma whose doctrine revolves around harmlessness (ahimsa) towards every living being. The two major branches (Digambara and Svetambara) of Jainism stimulate self-control (or, shramana, 鈥榮elf-reliance鈥�) and spiritual development through a path of peace for the soul to progess to the ultimate goal.

India history and geography

: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Indian Epigraphical Glossary

Yama.鈥�(IE 7-1-2), 鈥榯wo鈥�. Note: yama is defined in the 鈥淚ndian epigraphical glossary鈥� as it can be found on ancient inscriptions commonly written in Sanskrit, Prakrit or Dravidian languages.

--- OR ---

驰腻尘补.鈥�(EI 7-1-2), 鈥榚ight鈥�. Note: 测腻尘补 is defined in the 鈥淚ndian epigraphical glossary鈥� as it can be found on ancient inscriptions commonly written in Sanskrit, Prakrit or Dravidian languages.

context information

The history of India traces the identification of countries, villages, towns and other regions of India, as well as mythology, zoology, royal dynasties, rulers, tribes, local festivities and traditions and regional languages. Ancient India enjoyed religious freedom and encourages the path of Dharma, a concept common to Buddhism, Hinduism, and Jainism.

Languages of India and abroad

Pali-English dictionary

: BuddhaSasana: Concise Pali-English Dictionary

yama : (m.) the ruler of the kingdom of the dead. || 测腻尘补 (m.), a watch of the night; 1/3 of a night.

: Sutta: The Pali Text Society's Pali-English Dictionary

1) Yama, ³ (m. nt.) (Vedic yama=yama²; fr. yam in meaning 鈥渢o combine, 鈥� cp. Av. y&schwamacr; ma twin, Mir. emuin id. ) (nt.) a pair, (m.) a twin Abhp 628. See der. yamaka. (Page 551)

2) Yama, ² (Vedic Yama) the ruler of the kingdom of the dead. See details in Dicty. of Names. In cpds. often in general sense of 鈥渄eath鈥� or 鈥渕anes, 鈥� or 鈥減et腻鈥�; e.g. 鈥攄奴迟补 Death鈥檚 messenger Sdhp. 287; cp. Yamassa d奴t腻 Vv 52² (see VvA. 224), or deva-d奴ta A. I, 138 (see under d奴ta), alias niraya-p腻la A. I, 138 and passim. 鈥攑耻谤颈蝉补 (补)=掳诲奴迟补 Dh. 235 (cp. DhA. III, 335); VvA. 223; (b) 掳puris腻 Yama-people, i.e. Petas Pv IV. 3³ (cp. PvA. 251). 鈥攍辞办补 the yama-world or world of the Petas Dh. 44, 45; PvA. 107 & frequent 鈥搀颈蝉补测补=掳濒辞办补 Pv. II, 8² & passim. 鈥攕腻诲补苍补 Y鈥檚 kingdom, or the realm of the dead J. VI, 267, 304; VI, 457, 505. (Page 550)

3) Yama, ¹ (fr. yam) restraint PvA. 98 (+niyama). (Page 550)

鈥� or 鈥�

驰腻尘补, (fr. yam in both meanings of yamati & yama³) 1. restraint, only as cpd. c腻tu-测腻尘补 4鈥攆old restraint D. I, 57; III, 48; S. I, 66; M. I, 377; Vism. 416. Cp. Dial. I. 75¹.鈥�2. a watch of the night. There are 3 watches, given as 辫补峁环补尘补, majjhima & pacchima (first, middle & last) Nd¹ 377 sq.; or purima, m. & pacchima Nd² 631 (under sad腻).鈥�A. I, 114; IV, 168; Dh. 157 (one of the 3; interpreted as the 3 vayas at DhA. III, 138); J. I, 243 (t墨su 测腻mesu ekasmi峁� 测腻me); Mhvs 21, 33; PvA. 217, 280.鈥�3. (usually pl. 驰腻尘腻 dev腻) one who belongs to Yama or the ruler of the Underworld; a subject of Yama; the realm of Yama;鈥� pl. inhabitants of Yamaloka A. I, 210 (测腻m腻 dev腻); SnA 244 (掳bhavana the abode of the Y.); KhA 166 (驰腻尘补to 测腻va Akani峁�峁環a峁� from the Underworld to the Highest Heaven); Vism. 225 (驰腻尘腻); VbhA. 519 (驰腻尘腻); VvA. 246 (id.); ThA. 169 (Y. dev腻).

context information

Pali is the language of the Tipi峁璦ka, which is the sacred canon of Therav腻da Buddhism and contains much of the Buddha鈥檚 speech. Closeley related to Sanskrit, both languages are used interchangeably between religions.

Marathi-English dictionary

: DDSA: The Molesworth Marathi and English Dictionary

yama (啶�啶�).鈥攎 (S) Yama, the deity that judges the dead, and sends them, according to their deeds, to Swarg or Narak, Elysium or Tartarus. He corresponds with Pluto or Minos. In common use Yama is understood simply as the Punisher of the wicked. 2 Hence applied to a fierce, savage, pitiless man. yam腻c膿峁� bul腻vi峁嚹撫箖 The summons of Yama; the call of Death. 2 fig. A summons from a very rigorous or severe person; any irresistible, imperative, and strongly disagreeable call or occasion.

--- OR ---

yama (啶�啶�).鈥攎 S Restraining, confining, controlling. (As distinguished from niyama Any religious and voluntary observance.) Restraint or government of the senses, affections, and passions. 2 The eight great observances or courses incumbent upon one who would work out his salvation (i. e. emancipation from personality and absorption into Brahma) are yama, niyama, 腻蝉补苍补, 辫谤腻峁嚹乱腻尘补, 辫谤补迟测腻丑腻谤补, 诲丑测腻苍补, 诲丑腻谤补峁嚹�, 蝉补尘腻诲丑颈. 3 A common term for five great acts or excellencies; viz. Refraining from violence, patience, sincerity, obedience to a Guru, observance of all purificatory ceremonies.

--- OR ---

yama (啶�啶�).鈥攁 S Twin, fellow, one of a pair or brace.

--- OR ---

测腻尘补 (啶�啶距��).鈥攎 S The eighth part of a day; a watch of three hours. 2 Forbearance. 3 Cessation or desisting.

: DDSA: The Aryabhusan school dictionary, Marathi-English

yama (啶�啶�).鈥�m The god of hell. A pitiless man. Confining, restraining. yam腻c膿峁� b艒l腻v补峁嚹撫箖 The call of death. yam腻c测腻 d腻岣峢膿nta pa岣嵅贯箛膿峁�-as补峁嚹撫箖 Be under or fall under some great tormentor or trouble.

--- OR ---

yama (啶�啶�).鈥�a Twin, fellow.

--- OR ---

测腻尘补 (啶�啶距��).鈥�m The eighth part of a day Forbearance.

context information

Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.

Sanskrit dictionary

: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary

Yama (啶�啶�).鈥�a. [测补尘-驳丑补帽]

1) Twin, twinborn.

2) Coupled.

-尘补岣� 1 Restraining, controlling, curbing; 啶�啶�啷� 啶班ぞ啶溹ぞ 啶оぞ啶班�嵿ぎ啶苦�曕ぞ啶｀ぞ啶� 啶�啶距え啷嵿ぇ啶距い啶� 啶�啶班ぎ啷囙ざ啷嵿さ啶班�� (yamo r腻j腻 dh腻rmik腻峁嚹遽箖 m腻ndh腻ta岣� parame艣vara岣�) 惭补丑腻产丑腻谤补迟补 (Bombay) 12.91.42.

2) Control, restraint.

3) Self control.

4) Any great moral or religious duty or observance (opp. niyama); 啶むお啷嵿い啶� 啶�啶�啷囙え 啶ㄠた啶�啶�啷囙え 啶むお啷嬥そ啶�啷佮え啷堗�� (tapta峁� yamena niyamena tapo'munaiva) N.13.16; 啶�啶�啶ㄠた啶�啶�啶曕�冟ざ啷�啶曕�冟い啶膏�嵿ぅ啶苦ぐ啶距�權�嵿�椸�� (测补尘补苍颈测补尘补办峁浥浤玨峁泃补蝉迟丑颈谤腻峁単补岣�) Kir腻t腻rjun墨ya 1. 1. (yama and niyama are thus distinguished:-艣ar墨ras腻dhan腻pek峁�a峁� nitya峁� yat karma tad yama岣� | niyamastu sa yat karma nityam腻gantu蝉腻诲丑补苍补m || Ak.2.49; See Malli. on 艢i艣up腻lavadha 13.23 and Kir腻t腻rjun墨ya 1.1 also. The yamas are usually said to be ten, but, their names are given differently by different writers; e. g. brahmacarya峁� 诲补测腻 k峁Ｄ錸tird腻na峁� satyamakalkat腻 | 补丑颈峁僺腻'steyam腻dhurye dama艣ceti yam腻岣� sm峁泃腻岣� || Y.3.312; or 腻n峁浥沘峁僺ya峁� 诲补测腻 satyam补丑颈峁僺腻 k峁Ｄ錸tir腻谤箩补惫补m | pr墨ti岣� pras腻do m腻dhurya峁� m腻rdava峁� ca yam腻 da艣a || sometimes only five yamas are mentioned:-补丑颈峁僺腻 satyavacana峁� brahmacaryamakalkat腻 | asteyamiti pa帽caite yam腻kh测腻ni vrat腻ni ca ||).

5) The first of the eight 补峁単补蝉. or means of attaining Yoga; the eight 补峁単补蝉 are:-啶�啶�啶ㄠた啶�啶�啶距じ啶ㄠお啷嵿ぐ啶距ぃ啶距く啶距ぎ啶�啷嵿ぐ啶む�嵿く啶距す啶距ぐ啶оぞ啶班ぃ啶距ぇ啷嵿く啶距え啶膏ぎ啶距ぇ啶�啷嬥��- 啶粪�嵿�熰ぞ啶權�嵿�椸ぞ啶ㄠた (yamaniyam腻蝉补苍补辫谤腻峁嚹乱腻尘补辫谤补迟测腻丑腻谤补诲丑腻谤补峁嚹寤宄蟛饽宀圆箂am腻dhayo'- 峁ａ弓腻峁単腻ni); 艢腻ndilya Up.1.1.2.

6) The god of death, death personified, regarded as a son of the sun; he presides over the 啶�啶苦い啷� (辫颈迟峁�)s and rules the spirits of the dead; 啶︵い啷嵿い啶距き啶�啷� 啶む�嵿さ啶�啶� 啶�啶�啶距う啶�啶� 啶︵ぃ啷嵿ぁ啶оぞ啶班�� (datt腻bhaye tvayi yam腻dapi 诲补峁囜笉补dh腻re) Uttarar腻macarita 2.11.

7) A twin; 啶оぐ啷嵿ぎ啶距い啷嵿ぎ啶溹�� 啶�啷嵿ぐ啶む�� 啶�啶�啷� 啶� (dharm腻tmaja峁� prati yamau ca) (i. e. nakulasahadevau) 啶曕ぅ啷堗さ 啶ㄠぞ啶膏�嵿い啶� (kathaiva n腻sti) Ve.2.25; 啶�啶�啶�啷�- 啶多�嵿�氞�堗�� 啶椸ぐ啷嵿き啷囙し啷� 啶溹え啷嵿ぎ啶む�� 啶溹�嵿く啷囙し啷嵿�犩い啶� 啶�啶む�� (yamayo- 艣caiva garbhe峁�u janmato jye峁ａ弓hat腻 mat腻) Manusm峁泃i 9.126.

8) One of a pair or couple, a fellow.

9) Name of Saturn.

1) A crow.

11) A symbolical expression for the number 'two'.

12) Ved. A rein, bridle; 啶�啷冟し啷嵿�犩�� 啶膏う啷� 啶ㄠじ啷嬥ぐ啷嵿く啶�啶� (p峁涐梗峁環e sado nasoryama岣�) 峁歷.5. 61.2.

13) Ved. A driver, charioteer; 啶呧�椸�嵿え啶苦�� 啶班ぅ啶距え啶距�� 啶�啶�啶�啷� (agni峁� rath腻n腻峁� yamam) 峁歷.8.13.1.

14) Name of a deity who chastises beings for their misdeeds; 啶�啶�啶� 啶曕ぞ啶侧�� 啶� 啶�啷冟い啷嵿く啷佮�� 啶� 啶膏�嵿さ啶班�嵿�椸�� 啶膏�傕お啷傕�溹�嵿�� 啶氞ぞ啶班�嵿す啶む�� (yama峁� k腻la峁� ca 尘峁泃测耻峁� ca svarga峁� sa峁僷奴jya c腻rhata岣�) 惭补丑腻产丑腻谤补迟补 (Bombay) 12.2.3.

-mam 1 A pair or couple.

2) (In gram.) The twin letter of any consonant.

3) Pitch of the voice.

-尘墨 Name of the river Yamun腻.

-mau (m. du.)

1) Twins; 啶曕ぅ啶� 啶む�嵿さ啶�啷囙い啷� 啶о�冟い啶苦じ啶傕く啶�啷� 啶�啶�啷� (katha峁� tvametau 诲丑峁泃颈蝉补峁儁补尘补u yamau) Kir腻t腻rjun墨ya 1. 36.

2) Name of the A艣vins; 啶�啶�啷� 啶�啶�啷嬥お啶�啷� 啶氞�堗�� 啶︵う啷� 啶︵ぞ啶ㄠぞ啶ㄠ�嵿く啶ㄠ�囙�曕ざ啶� (yamau yamopamau caiva dadau d腻n腻nyaneka艣a岣�) 惭补丑腻产丑腻谤补迟补 (Bombay) 14.61.38.

3) Nakula and Sahadeva; 啶�啷�啶�啶距ぐ啷嵿�溹�佮え啶�啶�啶�- 啶多�嵿�氞ぞ啶�啶� 啶むう啷嵿く啷佮�曕�嵿い啶� 啶�啷嵿ぐ啶むた啶�啷囙う啶苦ぐ啷� (bh墨m腻rjunayam腻- 艣c腻pi tadyukta峁� pratipedire) 惭补丑腻产丑腻谤补迟补 (Bombay) 3.6.14. 掳啶�啷堗ぅ啷佮え啷� (maithunau) twins of different sex.

--- OR ---

驰腻尘补 (啶�啶距��).鈥�a. (-尘墨 f.) Relating to Yama; 啶む�囙え啶距え啷佮き啷傕く啶む�� 啶�啶距ぎ啷�啶� 啶多ぐ啷�啶班�囙ぃ啷囙�� 啶�啶距い啶ㄠぞ啶� (ten腻nubh奴yat腻 测腻尘墨岣� 艣ar墨re峁噀ha 测腻tan腻岣�) Manusm峁泃i 12.17; 啶�啶� 啶�啷堗ぐ啷嵿ぎ啶ㄠ�嵿う 啶�啶ㄠ�� 啶掂た啶氞た啶ㄠ�嵿い啷嵿�� 啶�啶灌�佮ぇ啶� 啶�啶距ぎ啷�啶多�嵿�氞た啶班�� 啶�啶距い啶ㄠぞ啶� (m腻 bhairmanda mano vicintya bahudh腻 测腻尘墨艣cira峁� 测腻tan腻岣�) Mukundam腻l腻 1.

--- OR ---

驰腻尘补 (啶�啶距��).鈥擺测补尘-驳丑补帽]

1) Restraint, forbearance, control; 啶侧�囙�栢ぞ啶� 啶膏�佮く啶距ぎ啶距じ啷嵿い啷佮し啶苦い啶� 啶�啷嵿ぐ啶灌�嵿ぎ啶曕ぞ啶�啶距�� (lekh腻岣� su测腻m腻stu峁�it腻 brahmak腻测腻岣�) 惭补丑腻产丑腻谤补迟补 (Bombay) 13.18.74.

2) A watch, one eighth part of a day, a period of three hours; 啶呧さ啶苦う啶苦い啶椸い啶�啶距ぎ啶� 啶班ぞ啶む�嵿ぐ啶苦ぐ啷囙�� 啶掂�嵿く啶班�傕じ啷�啶む�� (aviditagata测腻m腻 r腻trireva vyara峁僺墨t) Uttarar腻macarita 1.27; 啶�啶多�嵿�氞た啶�啶距う啷� 啶�啶距ぎ啶苦え啷�啶�啶距ぎ啶距い啷� 啶�啷嵿ぐ啶膏ぞ啶︵ぎ啶苦�� 啶氞�囙い啶ㄠ�� (pa艣cim腻d 测腻min墨测腻m腻t pras腻damiva cetan腻) R.17.1; so 啶�啶距ぎ啶掂い啷�, 啶む�嵿ぐ啶苦く啶距ぎ啶� (测腻尘补vat墨, tri测腻m腻) &c.

3) Going, proceeding.

4) Motion, course.

5) Ved. A road.

6) Progress.

7) A car, carriage.

8) A class of gods; 啶�啶距ぎ啷堗�� 啶�啶班た啶掂�冟い啷� 啶︵�囙さ啷堗ぐ啷嵿す啶む�嵿さ啶距そ啶多ぞ啶膏い啷� 啶む�嵿ぐ啶苦さ啶苦し啷嵿�熰お啶�啷� (测腻尘补i岣� pariv峁泃o devairhatv腻'艣腻sat trivi峁ａ弓apam) Bh腻gavata 8.1.18.

Derivable forms: 测腻尘补岣� (啶�啶距ぎ啶�).

: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionary

Yama (啶�啶�).鈥�(1) name of a n腻ga: 惭补丑腻惫测耻迟辫补迟迟颈 3328; (2) m. pl., name of a class of gods, = 驰腻尘补: 叠辞诲丑颈蝉补迟迟惫补产丑奴尘颈 62.1 (unless misprint for 测腻m腻峁僺; in standard list of god-classes, see deva); (3) name of a r腻k峁�asa king: (膧谤测补-)惭补帽箩耻艣谤墨尘奴濒补办补濒辫补 17.28 and 18.1 (twice in the same list!); but probably both [compound] with the next following name, which in 17.28 is printed Ghibh墨峁２贯箛a (! read Yama- vibh墨掳), in 18.1 Gh补峁囜弓a.

--- OR ---

驰腻尘补 (啶�啶距��).鈥�(1) m., regularly pl. (= Pali id.), name of a class of k腻m腻vacara gods, see s.v. deva: 惭补丑腻惫补蝉迟耻 i.33.3; 40.15; 212.15; 229.15; 240.4; 333.6; ii.16.4; 163.11; 359.21; iii.319.13; Lalitavistara 45.9; 46.20; 150.3; 219.8; 327.18; 364.15 (see s.v. Su测腻尘补); 396.14; 401.9 f.; 惭补丑腻惫测耻迟辫补迟迟颈 3080; 顿丑补谤尘补蝉补峁僩谤补丑补 127; 顿颈惫测腻惫补诲腻苍补 68.13; 140.12; 367.10; 础惫补诲腻苍补-艣补迟补办补 i.5.1; 厂耻惫补谤峁嘺产丑腻蝉辞迟迟补尘补蝉奴迟谤补 86.9; (膧谤测补-)惭补帽箩耻艣谤墨尘奴濒补办补濒辫补 19.12, etc.; as sg., one of this class, presumably = [Page447-a+ 71] Su测腻尘补, q.v., 测腻me峁�u鈥Σ饽宄静共鮵a devasya putro 顿颈惫测腻惫补诲腻苍补 140.12; (2) nt., a high number: 骋补峁囜笉补惫测奴丑补 133.2 f. (cited 惭补丑腻惫测耻迟辫补迟迟颈 as poma, q.v.).

: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Yama (啶�啶�).鈥攎fn.

(-尘补岣�-尘腻-尘补峁�) Twin, fellow, one of the pair or brace. m.

(-尘补岣�) 1. Restraining, controlling. 2. Forbearance, refraining. 3. Cessation, stop, conclusion, finish. 4. Religious restraint or obligation, considered the first of the eight steps of Yoga. 5. Penance, purification, the performance of those acts which remove impurity of any kind. 6. Any of the five acts or virtues, which constitute pure characters, as refraining from violence or injury, patience, sincerity, obedience to a spiritual teacher, and the observance of all purificatory ceremonies. 7. A festival. 8. A crow. 9. A name of the planet Saturn. 10. Yama, the deity of Naraka or hell, where his capital is placed, in which he sits in judgment on the dead, and distributes rewards and punishments, sending the good to Swarga, and the wicked to the division of Naraka or Tartarus appropriated to their crimes: he corresponds with the Grecian god Pluto, and the judge of hell Minos, and in Hindu mythology often identified with Death and Time: he is the son of Surya, or the sun, and brother of the personified Ya- Muna or Jamuna river. n. (-ma) A brace, a couple, a pair. f. (-尘墨) The Yamuna river. E. yam to restrain, &c., aff. ac, gha帽 or ap .

--- OR ---

驰腻尘补 (啶�啶距��).鈥攎fn.

(-尘补岣�-尘墨-ma峁�) Relating to Yama, done by him, ordered by him, &c. m.

(-尘补岣�) 1. The eighth part of a day, a watch of three hours. 2. Forbearance. 3. Cessation, term. E. 测腻 to go, (through the day,) man Unadi aff.; or yam to restrain, aff. 驳丑补帽; or yam, and 补峁� aff.

: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Benfey Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Yama (啶�啶�).鈥擺yam + a], I. adj. sbst. Twin, one of a pair. du. The twins, [顿谤补耻辫补诲墨辫谤补尘腻迟丑补] 6, 29. Ii. m. 1. Restraining. 2. Taming of passion, [Ved腻ntas腻ra, (in my Chrestomathy.)] in Chr. 217, 14. 3. Moral duty, [惭腻苍补惫补诲丑补谤尘补艣腻蝉迟谤补] 4, 204. 4. Penance. 5. A festival. 6. Yama, the judge of the deceased ones, ruler of the infernal regions, [R腻m腻y补峁嘺] 2, 54, 28; god of death, [笔补帽肠补迟补苍迟谤补] 247, 8. 7. A crow. 8. A name of the planet Saturn. Iii. f. 尘墨, The Yamun腻. Iv. n. A pair.

--- OR ---

驰腻尘补 (啶�啶距��).鈥擨. i. e. 测腻 + ma, m. Going, march, Chr. 293, 3 = [Rigveda.] i. 87, 3; Chr. 287, 4 = [Rigveda.] i. 48, 4 (approaching, rising). Ii. i. e. yama + a, adj., f. 尘墨. 1. Relating to Yama. 2. Inflicted by Yama, [惭腻苍补惫补诲丑补谤尘补艣腻蝉迟谤补] 12, 17. Iii. i. e. yam + a, m. 1. Forbearance. 2. Cessation. 3. A watch of three hours, [惭腻苍补惫补诲丑补谤尘补艣腻蝉迟谤补] 7, 145.

: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Cappeller Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Yama (啶�啶�).鈥�1. [masculine] holder, i.e. bridle or driver; restraint, self-control, any paramount moral duty or observance (ph.).

--- OR ---

Yama (啶�啶�).鈥�2. ([feminine] 腻 & 墨) paired, twin; [masculine] a twin ([dual] twins), [Name] of a god, either the Twin (with his sister ya尘墨 [feminine]) or the Restrainer, the god of death. [neuter] pair, twin letter ([grammar])

--- OR ---

驰腻尘补 (啶�啶距��).鈥�1. [masculine] close, end.

--- OR ---

驰腻尘补 (啶�啶距��).鈥�2. [feminine] 墨 belonging to or coming from Yama.

--- OR ---

驰腻尘补 (啶�啶距��).鈥�3. [masculine] course, going, way, progress; carriage, chariot; watch of the night (3 hours).

: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Aufrecht Catalogus Catalogorum

Yama (啶�啶�) as mentioned in Aufrecht鈥檚 Catalogus Catalogorum:鈥擬entioned in Vasi峁ａ弓hadharmas奴tra 11, 20. 18, 13. 19, 48.

: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary

1) Yama (啶�啶�):鈥擺from yam] m. a rein, curb, bridle, [峁歡-veda v, 61, 2]

2) [v.s. ...] a driver, charioteer, [ib. viii, 103, 10]

3) [v.s. ...] the act of checking or curbing, suppression, restraint (with v腻c腻m, restraint of words, silence), [Bh腻gavata-pur腻峁嘺]

4) [v.s. ...] self-control forbearance, any great moral rule or duty (as opp. to niyama, a minor observance; in [Y腻j帽avalkya iii, 313] ten Yamas are mentioned, sometimes only five), [Manu-sm峁泃i; 惭补丑腻产丑腻谤补迟补] etc.

5) [v.s. ...] (in Yoga) self-restraint (as the first of the eight A峁単as or means of attaining mental concentration), [Indian Wisdom, by Sir M. Monier-Williams 93]

6) [v.s. ...] any rule or observance, [P腻raskara-g峁沨ya-s奴tra]

7) [v.s. ...] mf(腻 or 墨)n. twin-born, twin, forming a pair, [峁歡-veda] etc. etc.

8) [v.s. ...] m. a twin, one of a pair or couple, a fellow ([dual number] 鈥榯he twins鈥� Name of the A艣vins and of their twin children by M腻dr墨, called Nakula and Saha-deva; yamau mithunau, twins of different sex), [ib.]

9) [v.s. ...] a symbolical Name for the number 鈥榯wo鈥� [Hem腻dri鈥檚 Caturvarga-cint腻m补峁噄]

10) [v.s. ...] Name of the god who presides over the Pit峁泂 (q.v.) and rules the spirits of the dead, [峁歡-veda] etc. etc., [Indian Wisdom, by Sir M. Monier-Williams 18; 197, 198 etc.; Religious Thought and Life in India 10; 16; 289 etc.] (he is regarded as the first of men and born from Vivasvat, 鈥榯he Sun鈥�, and his wife Sar补峁噛奴; while his brother, the seventh Manu, another form of the first man, is the son of Vivasvat and Sa峁僯帽腻, the image of Sar补峁噛奴; his twin-sister is Ya尘墨, with whom he resists sexual alliance, but by whom he is mourned after his death, so that the gods, to make her forget her sorrow, create night; in the Veda he is called a king or sa峁僩amano jan腻n腻m, 鈥榯he gatherer of men鈥�, and rules over the departed fathers in heaven, the road to which is guarded by two broad-nosed, four-eyed, spotted dogs, the children of 艢aram腻 q.v.; in Post-vedic mythology he is the appointed Judge and 鈥楻estrainer鈥� or 鈥楶unisher鈥� of the dead, in which capacity he is also called dharmar腻ja or dharma and corresponds to the Greek Pluto and to Minos; his abode is in some region of the lower world called Yama-pura; thither a soul when it leaves the body, is said to repair, and there, after the recorder, Citra-gupta, has read an account of its actions kept in a book called Agra-sa峁僤h腻n腻, it receives a just sentence; in [惭补丑腻产丑腻谤补迟补] Yama is described as dressed in blood-red garments, with a glittering form, a crown on his head, glowing eyes and like Varu峁嘺, holding a noose, with which he binds the spirit after drawing it from the body, in size about the measure of a man鈥檚 thumb; he is otherwise represented as grim in aspect, green in colour, clothed in red, riding on a buffalo, and holding a club in one hand and noose in the other; in the later mythology he is always represented as a terrible deity inflicting tortures, called 测腻tan腻, on departed spirits ; he is also one of the 8 guardians of the world as regent of the South quarter; he is the regent of the Nak峁�atra Apa-bhar补峁嚹� or Bhar补峁嚹�, the supposed author of [峁歡-veda x, 10; 14], of a hymn to Vi峁ａ箛u and of a law-book; yamas测腻rka岣� Name of a S腻man, [膧r峁�eya-br腻hm补峁嘺])

11) [v.s. ...] Name of the planet Saturn (regarded as the son of Vivasvat and Ch腻测腻), [Hariva峁兣沘; Bh腻gavata-pur腻峁嘺]

12) [v.s. ...] of one of Skanda鈥檚 attendants (mentioned together with Ati-yama), [惭补丑腻产丑腻谤补迟补]

13) [v.s. ...] a crow, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasi峁僪a, hal腻yudha, hemacandra, etc.] (cf. -诲奴迟补办补)

14) [v.s. ...] a bad horse (whose limbs are either too small or too large), [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasi峁僪a, hal腻yudha, hemacandra, etc.]

15) [from yam] n. a pair, brace, couple, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasi峁僪a, hal腻yudha, hemacandra, etc.]

16) [v.s. ...] (in gram.) a twin-letter (the consonant interposed and generally understood, but not written in practice, between a nasal immediately preceded by one of the four other consonants in each class), [Pr腻ti艣腻khya; Pat补帽箩补濒颈 on P腻峁噄ni 1-1, 8]

17) [v.s. ...] pitch of the voice, tone of utterance, key, [Pr腻ti艣腻khya]

18) 驰腻尘补 (啶�啶距��):鈥擺from 测腻] 1. 测腻尘补 m. (for 2. See below, for 3. See p. 851, col. 3) motion, course, going, progress, [峁歡-veda; Atharva-veda; Br腻hm补峁嘺]

19) [v.s. ...] a road, way, path, [ib.]

20) [v.s. ...] a carriage, chariot, [峁歡-veda]

21) 驰腻尘腻 (啶�啶距ぎ啶�):鈥擺from 测腻尘补 > 测腻] f. a night-watch, period or watch of 3 hours, the 8th part of a day, [Manu-sm峁泃i; 惭补丑腻产丑腻谤补迟补] etc.

22) [v.s. ...] [plural] Name of a [particular] class of gods, [惭补丑腻产丑腻谤补迟补; Hariva峁兣沘; Pur腻峁嘺] (yama-s测腻rka岣� [wrong reading] for yam q.v.)

23) 驰腻尘补 (啶�啶距��):鈥擺from 测腻] 2. 测腻尘补 in [compound] for 2. 测腻尘补n.

24) 3. 测腻尘补 m. (鈭�yam; for 1. 2. 测腻尘补 See p. 850, col. 1) cessation, end, [Taittir墨ya-sa峁僪it腻]

25) restraint, forbearance (= yama, 蝉补峁儁补尘补), [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasi峁僪a, hal腻yudha, hemacandra, etc.]

26) mf(墨)n. ([from] yama, of which it is also the V峁沝dhi form in [compound]) relating to or derived from or destined for Yama, [Br腻hm补峁嘺; Kau艣ika-s奴tra; Manu-sm峁泃i]

27) n. Name of various S腻mans, [膧r峁�eya-br腻hm补峁嘺]

: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Yates Sanskrit-English Dictionary

1) Yama (啶�啶�):鈥擺(ma岣�-m腻-ma峁�) a.] Twin; one of a pair. m. Yama, Pluto, the god of hell; penance; restraint, stop. f. (尘墨) The Jumn腻. n. A pair.

2) 驰腻尘补 (啶�啶距��):鈥擺(ma岣�-m腻-ma峁�) a.] Relating to Yama. m. The eighth part of a day; forbearance; cessation.

: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary (S)

Yama (啶�啶�) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit word: Jama.

[Sanskrit to German]

context information

Sanskrit, also spelled 啶膏�傕じ啷嵿�曕�冟い啶�啷� (蝉补峁僺办峁泃补尘), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.

Hindi dictionary

: DDSA: A practical Hindi-English dictionary

1) Yama (啶�啶�) [Also spelled yam]:鈥�(nm) the god of death; restraint of passions; two; ~[ja/j腻ta] twins; ~[jit] one who conquers death, immortal; ~[诲补峁冡笉补] the punishment inflicted by [yama]—the god of death (for evil deeds); ~[duti测腻/dvit墨测腻] the second day of the bright half of the month of [k腻rtika] (same as [bhai测腻d奴ja); ~d奴ta] a messenger of the god of death; ~[辫耻谤补/辫耻谤墨/濒辞办补] afterworld; the world of the god of death; the infernal world, the world where sinners are supposed to be lodged after death; •[pahu峁僣腻n腻] to put to death; -[测腻tan腻] the pangs of death; ~[la] twin; ~[v腻hana] a he-buffalo.

2) 驰腻尘补 (啶�啶距��) [Also spelled yam]:鈥�(nm) three hours' time.

context information

...

Kannada-English dictionary

: Alar: Kannada-English corpus

Yama (嗖�嗖�):鈥�

1) [noun] the act of checking, curbing; suppression; restraint.

2) [noun] (used as a gen. term or a term of yoga) self-control; subjugation of one鈥檚 passions.

3) [noun] the Regent of South, God of Death and righteousness.

4) [noun] 艢ani, son of Sun-god, identified as one of the nine astrological planets, the Saturn.

5) [noun] a set of two things regarded as one unit; a pair.

6) [noun] two children or animals brought forth at a birth; twins.

7) [noun] any of the religious rituals to be observed daily.

8) [noun] (math.) a symbol for the number two.

9) [noun] (fig.) that which cannot be born, tolerated or endured.

10) [noun] (fig.) a terrible, ferrocious fellow.

--- OR ---

驰腻尘补 (嗖�嗖距��):鈥�

1) [noun] the act of restraining; restraint; a bringing (someone or something) under control.

2) [noun] a period of three hours; one eigth part of a day.

3) [noun] a moving or travelling; a journey.

context information

Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.

Nepali dictionary

: unoes: Nepali-English Dictionary

1) Yama (啶�啶�):鈥攏. 1. Mythol. Lord of death and the underworld; 2. twin; pair; 3. motion; 4. the first of the eight angas (啶呧�傕�椸ぞ [a峁僩腻] ) or means of attaining Yoga; 5. any great moral or religious duty or observance; 6. Mythol. son born of Sangya who was married to the Sun; 7. name of Saturn; 8. death; demise; 9. yogic attitudes;

2) 驰腻尘补 (啶�啶距��):鈥攏. 1. season; the rainy season; 2. a period of three hours; 3. vehicle; conveyance;

context information

Nepali is the primary language of the Nepalese people counting almost 20 million native speakers. The country of Nepal is situated in the Himalaya mountain range to the north of India.

See also (Relevant definitions)

Starts with (+23): Yama bush, Yama Deva, Yama-asa, Yama-buki, Yama-danmu, Yama-guwa, Yamabala, Yamabandhana, Yamabhadhe, Yamabhara, Yamabhogindra, Yamacakravartin, Yamadaivata, Yamadashama, Yamadevatya, Yamadharmaraya, Yamaduta, Yamadvitiye, Yamagamdakala, Yamagana.

Full-text (+1874): Ayama, Niyama, Samyama, Yamaduta, Udyama, Pranayama, Triyama, Yatayama, Aptoryama, Yamavati, Upayama, Niryama, Yamadanda, Catuyama, Yamantaka, Yamayama, Yamanali, Yamaghosha, Prayama, Dandayama.

Relevant text

Search found 379 books and stories containing Yama, 驰腻尘补, 驰腻尘腻; (plurals include: Yamas, 驰腻尘补s, 驰腻尘腻s). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:

Rig Veda (translation and commentary) (by H. H. Wilson)

Rig Veda 7.56.6 < [Sukta 56]

Rig Veda 8.7.14 < [Sukta 7]

Rig Veda 8.7.4 < [Sukta 7]

+ 106 more chapters / show preview

Tirumantiram by Tirumular (English translation)

Verse 1984: Sun Circumambulates Sahasrara < [Tantra Seven (elam tantiram) (verses 1704-2121)]

Verse 2024: Difficulty of Training Senses < [Tantra Seven (elam tantiram) (verses 1704-2121)]

Verse 2625: Lord is Righteous and Bounteous < [Tantra Eight (ettam tantiram) (verses 2122-2648)]

+ 6 more chapters / show preview

Purana Bulletin

The Naciketa-Upakhyana as the source of the Nasiketopakhyana < [Purana, Volume 6, Part 2 (1964)]

Subject Index of the Visnu-Purana < [Purana, Volume 8, Part 1 (1966)]

The various aspects of the Narada-Purana < [Purana, Volume 8, Part 1 (1966)]

+ 23 more chapters / show preview

A Descriptive Catalogue of the Sanskrit Manuscripts, Madras (by M. Seshagiri Sastri)

Page 57 < [Volume 5 (1909)]

Page 387 < [Volume 13 (1912)]

Page 121 < [Volume 16 (1913)]

+ 106 more chapters / show preview

Dhammapada (Illustrated) (by Ven. Weagoda Sarada Maha Thero)

Verse 157 - The Story of Bodhir腻jakum腻ra < [Chapter 12 - Atta Vagga (Self)]

Verse 108 - The Story of Venerable S腻riputta鈥檚 Friend < [Chapter 8 - Sahassa Vagga (Thousands)]

Verse 44-45 - The Story of Five Hundred Monks < [Chapter 4 - Puppha Vagga (Flowers)]

+ 2 more chapters / show preview

Glimpses of History of Sanskrit Literature (by Satya Vrat Shastri)

Chapter 28.3 - Introduction to the Yoga school of Philosophy < [Section 4 - Classical Sanskrit literature]

Chapter 9 - Introduction to the Upanisads < [Section 2 - Vedic Literature]

Chapter 6 - Introductory鈥擵edic Literature and Its Cultural Significance < [Section 2 - Vedic Literature]

+ 3 more chapters / show preview

 

Click here for all 379 books

Related products

Ravan Sanhita (Ravana-samhita)

Info

The Nighantu and the Nirukta

Info

Untying the Knots in Buddhism

Info

Ananda Ramayana (Sanskrit and English)

Info

Bhagavata Purana (Sridhara Svamin)

Info

The Thirumanthiram (Translation and Commentary)

Info

(+2 more products available)