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Vishvarupa, ³Õ¾±Å›±¹²¹°ùÅ«±èÄå, Visvarupa, ³Õ¾±Å›±¹²¹°ùÅ«±è²¹, Vishva-rupa: 29 definitions

Introduction:

Vishvarupa means something in Buddhism, Pali, Hinduism, Sanskrit, Jainism, Prakrit, Marathi. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.

The Sanskrit terms ³Õ¾±Å›±¹²¹°ùÅ«±èÄå and ³Õ¾±Å›±¹²¹°ùÅ«±è²¹ can be transliterated into English as Visvarupa or Vishvarupa, using the IAST transliteration scheme (?).

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In Hinduism

Shaivism (Shaiva philosophy)

: Manblunder: Sri Rudram 4.1-6

³Õ¾±Å›±¹²¹°ùÅ«±è²¹ means omnipresent, manifold nature of Brahman. The Brahman has different forms and shapes as the Brahman exists in every living and non-living being in this universe. In the case of non-living beings, they do not have souls and hence no action takes place on their own. There is no place in the universe, where the Brahman does not exist. The creation takes place first in the form of total darkness. From this darkness intellect arises. From intellect the ego and this ego gives rise to the modifications of the five elements which ultimately creates lives in this universe.

: SOAS University of London: Protective Rites in the Netra Tantra

1) ³Õ¾±Å›±¹²¹°ùÅ«±è²¹ (विशà¥à¤µà¤°à¥‚प) refers to the “manifold [´Çá¹�]â€�, according to the Netratantra of Ká¹£emarÄåja: a Åšaiva text from the 9th century in which Åšiva (Bhairava) teaches PÄårvatÄ« topics such as metaphysics, cosmology, and soteriology.—Accordingly, [verse 2.20-22ab]—“[The Mantrin] should worship the mother of Mantras with the highest bhakti, by spreading flowers and perfume, O DevÄ«. He should extract the deity invoked by the Mantra [with the mantra]. Beginning with the all-pervading and ending with manifold [´Çá¹�] (±¹¾±Å›±¹²¹°ùÅ«±è²¹â€�±¹¾±Å›±¹²¹°ùÅ«±èÄå²Ô³Ù²¹á¹�), [he should] always [worship with] the nectar of the white flower. The bright sound is highest Åšakti, [who] resembles one-in-the-same Åšiva. By this [worship] the pearls [of the mantra] are all bound in a cordâ€�.

2) ³Õ¾±Å›±¹²¹°ùÅ«±è²¹ (विशà¥à¤µà¤°à¥‚प) refers to “having many formsâ€� and is used to describe Viṣṇu.—Accordingly, [verse 13.1-9, while describing the appearance and worship of Viṣṇu]—“Or, [the Mantrin] worships a very handsome, eight-armed, yellow Deva. [...] He remembers [Viṣṇu’s] many forms (±¹¾±Å›±¹²¹°ùÅ«±è²¹). Thus, he thinks [of him] with a collection of many faces, many weapons and [many] arms [i.e., the cosmic Viṣṇu], reclining, taking a wife, joined with Laká¹£mÄ«, alone, [as] Narasiṃha, VarÄåha, or VÄåmana, Kapila, or an honorable man, unadorned, or even without parts. [...]â€�.

Shaivism book cover
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Shaiva (शै�, śaiva) or Shaivism (śaivism) represents a tradition of Hinduism worshiping Shiva as the supreme being. Closely related to Shaktism, Shaiva literature includes a range of scriptures, including Tantras, while the root of this tradition may be traced back to the ancient Vedas.

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Purana and Itihasa (epic history)

: archive.org: Puranic Encyclopedia

1) ³Õ¾±Å›±¹²¹°ùÅ«±è²¹ (विशà¥à¤µà¤°à¥‚प).—A RÄåká¹£asa (giant). Mention is made in ²Ñ²¹³óÄå²ú³óÄå°ù²¹³Ù²¹, SabhÄå Parva, Chapter 9, Stanza 14, that this giant sits in the palace of Varuṇa glorifying him.

2) ³Õ¾±Å›±¹²¹°ùÅ«±è²¹ (विशà¥à¤µà¤°à¥‚प).—The son of TvaṣṭÄå, the son of ViÅ›vakarmÄå. This ³Õ¾±Å›±¹²¹°ùÅ«±è²¹ is also known as TriÅ›iras. (For further details see under Indra, Para 7).

3) ³Õ¾±Å›±¹²¹°ùÅ«±èÄå (विशà¥à¤µà¤°à¥‚पà¤�).—The wife of Sage Dharma. It is stated in VÄåyu PurÄåṇa that from sage Dharma, a daughter named DharmavratÄå was born to ³Õ¾±Å›±¹²¹°ùÅ«±èÄå.

: archive.org: Shiva Purana - English Translation

³Õ¾±Å›±¹²¹°ùÅ«±è²¹ (विशà¥à¤µà¤°à¥‚प) refers to “multi-formedâ€� or “one of cosmic formâ€� and is used to describe Åšiva, according to the ÅšivapurÄåṇa 2.2.42.—Accordingly, as Daká¹£a bowed and eulogised Åšiva:—“I bow to the great lord, the supreme being, the bestower of boons, the store of knowledge, the eternal. I bow to Åšiva, the lord of the chief of Gods, always conferring happiness and the sole kinsman of the universe. I bow to the lord of the universe, of cosmic form (i.e., ³Õ¾±Å›±¹²¹°ùÅ«±è²¹), the primordial Being and the form of Brahman itself. I bow to Åšiva, the conceiver of world’s happiness and the greater than the greatest. [...]â€�.

: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: The Purana Index

1a) ³Õ¾±Å›±¹²¹°ùÅ«±è²¹ (विशà¥à¤µà¤°à¥‚प).—A son of Tvaṣṭri and RocanÄå (YaÅ›odharÄå, BrahmÄåṇá¸a-purÄåṇa) adopted by Suragaṇas when their guru Angiras left them. At first he did not agree as Paurodhasa was not a coveted profession. Finally he accepted and initiated Indra into a mantra known as varma nÄårÄåyaṇÄåtmaka; with this Indra enjoyed once more the Trailokyalaká¹£mÄ«: Father of PañcajanÄ«.1 ³Õ¾±Å›±¹²¹°ùÅ«±è²¹ had three heads Somapīṭḥa, SurÄåpīṭḥa, and AnnÄåda. Finding the ÄåcÄårya giving a part of his sacrificial offerings to Asuras, Indra cut off his heads which became Kapiñjala, Kalavinka and Tittiri birds. His vadha,2 in the sabhÄå of HiraṇyakaÅ›ipu.3

  • 1) BhÄågavata-purÄåṇa VI. 6. 44-5; ch. 7-8 (whole); V. 7. 1; BrahmÄåṇá¸a-purÄåṇa III. 1. 86.
  • 2) BhÄågavata-purÄåṇa VI. 9. 1-5; 13. 5.
  • 3) Matsya-purÄåṇa 161. 80.

1b) A Åšukradeva (ajita).*

  • * BrahmÄåṇá¸a-purÄåṇa II. 13. 94; VÄåyu-purÄåṇa 31. 7.

1c) A son of RÅ«pavatÄ«, and devoted to NÄårÄåyaṇa: elected Purohita in the absence of Bá¹›haspati who went to the earth due to a curse by sages: Indra quarrelled with him, and the latter repaired to spend his life in penance. Sages cursed Indra for this.*

  • * BrahmÄåṇá¸a-purÄåṇa IV. 9. 4-8.

1d) A name of Triśiras, a son of Tvaṣṭa.*

  • * VÄåyu-purÄåṇa 65. 85.

2a) ³Õ¾±Å›±¹²¹°ùÅ«±èÄå (विशà¥à¤µà¤°à¥‚पà¤�).—In the 33rd Kalpa SarasvatÄ« became ³Õ¾±Å›±¹²¹°ùÅ«±èÄå with four hands, four feet, four teeth, four eyes, etc. BrahmÄå prayed to ViÅ›veÅ›a who explained the nature of SarasvatÄ« as Praká¹›ti and made aá¹­á¹­ahÄåsa when Jati, Muṇá¸i and other sons came; after performing austerities for 1000 years they attained Rudrahood.*

  • * VÄåyu-purÄåṇa 23. 36-61.

2b) Wife of Dharma and mother of DharmavratÄå.*

  • * VÄåyu-purÄåṇa 107. 2.
: JatLand: List of Mahabharata people and places

³Õ¾±Å›±¹²¹°ùÅ«±è²¹ (विशà¥à¤µà¤°à¥‚प) is a name mentioned in the ²Ñ²¹³óÄå²ú³óÄå°ù²¹³Ù²¹ (cf. XIV.8) and represents one of the many proper names used for people and places. Note: The ²Ñ²¹³óÄå²ú³óÄå°ù²¹³Ù²¹ (mentioning ³Õ¾±Å›±¹²¹°ùÅ«±è²¹) is a Sanskrit epic poem consisting of 100,000 Å›±ô´Ç°ì²¹²õ (metrical verses) and is over 2000 years old.

³Õ¾±Å›±¹²¹°ùÅ«±è²¹ is also mentioned in the ²Ñ²¹³óÄå²ú³óÄå°ù²¹³Ù²¹ (cf. II.9.14) and represents one of the many proper names used for people and places.

Purana book cover
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The Purana (पà¥à¤°à¤¾à¤�, purÄåṇas) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.

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Shilpashastra (iconography)

Source: Wisdom Library: Åšilpa-Å›Äåstra

³Õ¾±Å›±¹²¹°ùÅ«±è²¹ (विशà¥à¤µà¤°à¥‚प) is a Sanskrit name referring to one of the eight manifestations of Ruru, who is a form of Bhairava. According to the ¸é³Ü»å°ù²¹²âÄå³¾²¹±ô²¹, there are eight main forms of Bhairava who control the eight directions of this universe. Each form (e.g., Ruru) has a further eight sub-manifestations (e.g., ³Õ¾±Å›±¹²¹°ùÅ«±è²¹), thus resulting in a total of 64 Bhairavas.

When depicting ³Õ¾±Å›±¹²¹°ùÅ«±è²¹ according to traditional iconographic rules (Å›¾±±ô±è²¹Å›Äå²õ³Ù°ù²¹), one should depcit him (and other forms of Ruru) having a pure white color, adorned with ornaments set with rubies; he should carry an ²¹°ìá¹£a³¾Äå±ôÄå, the ²¹á¹…k³ÜÅ›²¹, a pustaka and a ±¹Ä«á¹‡Ä�. The word Åš¾±±ô±è²¹Å›Äå²õ³Ù°ù²¹ refers to an ancient Hindu science of arts and crafts, dealing with subjects such as painting, sculpture and iconography.

: archive.org: Catalogue of Pancaratra Agama Texts (shilpa)

³Õ¾±Å›±¹²¹°ùÅ«±è²¹ (विशà¥à¤µà¤°à¥‚प) is the name of a deity whose iconographic details are discussed in chapter 25 of the Ä€dikÄåṇá¸a of the ±á²¹²â²¹Å›Ä«°ùá¹£a²õ²¹á¹ƒh¾±³ÙÄå: a large PÄåñcarÄåtra Ä€gama consisting of roughly 6500 verses dealing primarily with architecture, temple-building and consecration rituals and iconography.—Description of the chapter [±è°ù²¹³Ù¾±³¾Äå±ô²¹°ìá¹£aṇa]: This chapter deals with some rules for iconography related to miscellaneous forms: the eight-armed aspect of the Lord on His vehicle (1-3a), Laká¹£mÄ« and SarasvatÄ« (3b), ³Õ¾±Å›±¹²¹°ùÅ«±è²¹ (4-8), JalaÅ›ÄåyÄ« (9-11a), and HariÅ›aá¹…kara (11b-15). There is also a closing section on the iconography for the Lord’s horse-faced shape (Hayaśīrá¹£a = HayagrÄ«va) (16-25).

Shilpashastra book cover
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Shilpashastra (शिलà¥à¤ªà¤¶à¤¾à¤¸à¥à¤¤à¥à¤°, Å›¾±±ô±è²¹Å›Äå²õ³Ù°ù²¹) represents the ancient Indian science (shastra) of creative arts (shilpa) such as sculpture, iconography and painting. Closely related to Vastushastra (architecture), they often share the same literature.

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Pancaratra (worship of NÄårÄåyaṇa)

Source: Wisdom Library: PÄåñcarÄåtra

³Õ¾±Å›±¹²¹°ùÅ«±è²¹ (विशà¥à¤µà¤°à¥‚प) refers to an aspect of ²Ôá¹›s¾±á¹ƒh²¹ (‘m²¹²Ô-±ô¾±´Ç²Ôâ€�), according to the Vihagendra-saṃhitÄå 4.17, which mentions seventy-four forms (inlcuding twenty forms of ±¹²âÅ«³ó²¹). He is also known as ³Õ¾±Å›±¹²¹°ùÅ«±è²¹²Ôá¹›s¾±á¹ƒh²¹ or ³Õ¾±Å›±¹²¹°ùÅ«±è²¹narasiṃha. Ná¹›siṃha is a Tantric deity and refers to the furious (ugra) incarnation of Viṣṇu.

The 15th-century Vihagendra-saṃhÄ«ta is a canonical text of the PÄåñcarÄåtra corpus and, in twenty-four chapters, deals primarely with meditation on mantras and sacrificial oblations.

: archive.org: Isvara Samhita Vol 1

³Õ¾±Å›±¹²¹°ùÅ«±è²¹ (विशà¥à¤µà¤°à¥‚प) refers to one of the various Vibhava manifestations according to the ĪśvarasaṃhitÄå 24.217-231.—Accordingly, “that God, Lord of all, who stays within as a witness (of all deeds of the person within whom He stays) bears all the things as a crystal bears the existent things by His power in order that (His) devotees who are exposed to nescience, could get a good status. Of him (³Õ¾±Å›±¹²¹°ùÅ«±è²¹), one shall think as having no beginning, who is the lord of the worlds and who is staying between the sky and earth, externally in a gross form. He has many faces, feet and eyes marked by many (emblems) fish. Though He has many faces and bedecked with many hands, He is (admitted to) having various faces thirty-three in number, has huge divine hands forty-four in number. BrahmÄå, Rudra, Indra, Daká¹£a, sun, moon, siddhas and Vedas are in His face above the mouth of manâ€�.

These Vibhavas (e.g., ³Õ¾±Å›±¹²¹°ùÅ«±è²¹) represent the third of the five-fold manifestation of the Supreme Consciousness the PÄåñcarÄåtrins believe in. Note: the name ³Õ¾±Å›±¹²¹°ùÅ«±è²¹ for this ±è°ùÄå»å³Ü°ù²ú³óÄå±¹²¹ (appearance) is significat in that the description of the form given here is highly suggestive of the form of god contained in the 11th chapter of the BhagavadgÄ«tÄå which is well-known as ³Õ¾±Å›±¹²¹°ùÅ«±èÄådhyÄåya (vide TÄåtparyacandrikÄå of VedÄåntadeÅ›ika on Ramanuja’s BhagavadgÄ«tÄåbhÄåá¹£ya. Introduction, Chapter XI)

: archive.org: Catalogue of Pancaratra Agama Texts

1) ³Õ¾±Å›±¹²¹°ùÅ«±è²¹ (विशà¥à¤µà¤°à¥‚प) is the name of a Deity whose contemplative methods are described in the twenty-fourth chapter of the ĪśvarasaṃhitÄå (printed edition), a PÄåñcarÄåtra work in 8200 verses and 24 chapters dealing with topics such as routines of temple worship, major and minor festivals, temple-building and initiation.—Description of the chapter [³¾³Ü»å°ùÄå-±ô²¹°ìá¹£aṇa-²ú³ó²¹²µ²¹±¹²¹»å»å³ó²âÄå²Ô²¹-Äå»å¾±-±è°ù²¹°ìÄå°ù²¹]: [...] The remainder of the chapter is devoted to descriptive passages relating to various deities which descriptions may act as guides to facilitate concentration [»å³ó²âÄå²Ô²¹] on these divinities: Ä€diÅ›eá¹£a (195-199), Åšaktīśa (200-210), MadhusÅ«dana (211-213), VidyÄådhideva (214-215), Kapila (216-218), ³Õ¾±Å›±¹²¹°ùÅ«±è²¹ (219-231), HaṃsamÅ«rti (232-237), VÄåsudeva (238-243), VÄåjivaktra (244-256), KÅ«rma (257-264), Narasiṃha (265-271). A particularly elaborate description is given of Åšriyaḥpati (272-333), followed by a shorter description of NÄårÄåyaṇa (334-349).

2) ³Õ¾±Å›±¹²¹°ùÅ«±è²¹ (विशà¥à¤µà¤°à¥‚प) refers to the “cosmic form (of God)â€� (appearing in the heart of the practitioner of meditation and breath-control), as discussed in chapter 5 (YogapÄåda) of the ±Ê²¹»å³¾²¹²õ²¹á¹ƒh¾±³ÙÄå: the most widely followed of SaṃhitÄå covering the entire range of concerns of PÄåñcarÄåtra doctrine and practice (i.e., the four-fold formulation of subject matterâ€�ÂáñÄå²Ô²¹, yoga, °ì°ù¾±²âÄå and ³¦²¹°ù²âÄå) consisting of roughly 9000 verses.—Description of the chapter [²â´Ç²µ²¹±ô²¹°ìá¹£aṇa]:—[...] As [the devotee of VÄåsudeva] continues to control his breath his meditation on God progresses to the point where God Himself [deva] is seen in the heart. A description of how He appears in His cosmic form [±¹¾±Å›±¹²¹°ùÅ«±è²¹] is given (1-15). Whoever achieves this marvellous vision through yogic practices would seem to have all things, but, counsels BhagavÄån, this is only the penultimate reward of yoga. [...]

3) ³Õ¾±Å›±¹²¹°ùÅ«±è²¹ (विशà¥à¤µà¤°à¥‚प) refers to one of the PradhÄåna-DevatÄås (i.e., “important deitiesâ€�) mentioned in in chapter 12 of the ³§Äå³Ù³Ù±¹²¹³Ù²¹²õ²¹á¹ƒh¾±³ÙÄå: one of the most ancient of PÄåñcarÄåtra Ä€gamas consisting of roughly 3500 verses which stresses the theological standpoint of the oneness of God despite his various ±¹²âÅ«³ó²¹s (modes of existence), vibhavas (manifestations) and ²¹±¹²¹³ÙÄå°ù²¹²õ (incarnations).—Description of the chapter [vibhavamÅ«rti»å³ó²âÄå²Ô²¹-vidhi]: [...] It is stated that God takes His many shapes out of His own desire to come within the grasp of His worshippers, doing so out of compassion for His worshippers who have faith and devotion, etc. [...] The following forms are mentioned and described: [e.g., ³Õ¾±Å›±¹²¹°ùÅ«±è²¹ (26-39), [...] these being the “importantâ€� deities [±è°ù²¹»å³óÄå²Ô²¹»å±ð±¹²¹³ÙÄå] (167b). Those who know these deities thus, and who contemplate upon them so, will be relieved from the three sicknesses of birth, old age and death.

Pancaratra book cover
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Pancaratra (पाञà¥à¤šà¤°à¤¾à¤¤à¥à¤°, pÄåñcarÄåtra) represents a tradition of Hinduism where Narayana is revered and worshipped. Closeley related to Vaishnavism, the Pancaratra literature includes various Agamas and tantras incorporating many Vaishnava philosophies.

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Vyakarana (Sanskrit grammar)

: Wikisource: A dictionary of Sanskrit grammar

³Õ¾±Å›±¹²¹°ùÅ«±è²¹ (विशà¥à¤µà¤°à¥‚प).—A grammarian of the sixteenth century who has written a small grammar treatise called विशà¥à¤µà¤°à¥‚प-निबनà¥à¤§ (±¹¾±Å›±¹²¹°ùÅ«±è²¹-nibandha).

Vyakarana book cover
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Vyakarana (वà¥à¤¯à¤¾à¤•रà¤�, vyÄåkaraṇa) refers to Sanskrit grammar and represents one of the six additional sciences (vedanga) to be studied along with the Vedas. Vyakarana concerns itself with the rules of Sanskrit grammar and linguistic analysis in order to establish the correct context of words and sentences.

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Vaishnavism (Vaishava dharma)

: Pure Bhakti: Bhagavad-gita (4th edition)

³Õ¾±Å›±¹²¹°ùÅ«±è²¹ (विशà¥à¤µà¤°à¥‚प) refers to “universal formâ€�. (cf. Glossary page from Åš°ùÄ«³¾²¹»å-µþ³ó²¹²µ²¹±¹²¹»å-³ÒÄ«³ÙÄå).

Vaishnavism book cover
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Vaishnava (वैषà¥à¤£à¤µ, vaiṣṇava) or vaishnavism (vaiṣṇavism) represents a tradition of Hinduism worshipping Vishnu as the supreme Lord. Similar to the Shaktism and Shaivism traditions, Vaishnavism also developed as an individual movement, famous for its exposition of the dashavatara (‘ten avatars of Vishnuâ€�).

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Shaktism (Shakta philosophy)

: Google Books: Manthanabhairavatantram

1) ³Õ¾±Å›±¹²¹°ùÅ«±è²¹ (विशà¥à¤µà¤°à¥‚प) and ViÅ›varÅ«piṇÄ� refers to the pair of God and Goddess appearing in the fourth Kalpa (aeon), according to the Kularatnoddyota.—Chapter nine of the Kularatnoddyota opens with the goddess asking how the Kula tradition (°ì³Ü±ôÄå³¾²ÔÄå²â²¹) will be worshipped along with its mantras and VidyÄås and who will bring it down (²¹±¹²¹³ÙÄå°ù²¹°ì²¹) into the world in the various cosmic aeons (kalpa). After explaining that it is brought down into the world by incarnations or aspects of both the god and the goddess (²¹á¹ƒÅ›a³¾Äå³Ù°ù²¹), the god goes on to list the names of these aspects—a goddess and her consort [i.e., ViÅ›varÅ«piṇī—³Õ¾±Å›±¹²¹°ùÅ«±è²¹]—in nineteen aeons (kalpa), many of which we recognize from the earlier version in the TantrasadbhÄåva.â€�(cf. JayadrathayÄåmala-tantra of the KÄåpÄålikas).

2) ³Õ¾±Å›±¹²¹°ùÅ«±è²¹ (विशà¥à¤µà¤°à¥‚प) is mentioned as the father of ³Õ²¹á¹…kÄå±è³Ü°ù²¹â€”one of the Sixteen Siddhas according to the KubjikÄånityÄåhnikatilaka: a derative text drawing from Tantras and other sources such as the á¹¢aá¹­sÄåhasrasaṃhitÄå.—These sixteen spiritual teachers represent the disciples of the Nine NÄåthas who propagated the Western Transmission noted in the KubjikÄå Tantras.—³Õ²¹á¹…kÄå±è³Ü°ù²¹ the CaryÄå name of this NÄåtha (i.e., the public name the Siddha uses when living as a wandering renouncer). His birth-name is Carpaá¹­a (alternatively, his birth-name is RÄåjadeva and his father is ³Õ¾±Å›±¹²¹°ùÅ«±è²¹ according to the KulakaulinÄ«mata);

Shaktism book cover
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Shakta (शाकà¥à¤�, Å›Äåkta) or Shaktism (Å›Äåktism) represents a tradition of Hinduism where the Goddess (Devi) is revered and worshipped. Shakta literature includes a range of scriptures, including various Agamas and Tantras, although its roots may be traced back to the Vedas.

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Jyotisha (astronomy and astrology)

Source: Wisdom Library: Brihat Samhita by Varahamihira

³Õ¾±Å›±¹²¹°ùÅ«±è²¹ (विशà¥à¤µà¤°à¥‚प) or ³Õ¾±Å›±¹²¹°ùÅ«±è²¹ketu refers to certain types of Ketus (i.e., luminous bodies such as comets and meteors), according to the Bá¹›hatsaṃhitÄå (chapter 11), an encyclopedic Sanskrit work written by VarÄåhamihira mainly focusing on the science of ancient Indian astronomy astronomy (Jyotiá¹£a).—Accordingly, “The comets that resemble the flaming fire or a garland are 120 in number. They are the sons of Agni and are named ³Õ¾±Å›±¹²¹°ùÅ«±è²¹ Ketus. When they appear there will be fear from fire. The comets that are dark-red in colour, without disc, presenting the appearance of CÄåmara and with scattered rays are named Aruṇa Ketus. They are the sons of VÄåyu (the wind) and are 77 in number; when they appear mankind will feel miserableâ€�.

Jyotisha book cover
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Jyotisha (जà¥à¤¯à¥‹à¤¤à¤¿à¤�, Âá²â´Ç³Ù¾±á¹£a or jyotish) refers to ‘astronomyâ€� or “Vedic astrologyâ€� and represents the fifth of the six Vedangas (additional sciences to be studied along with the Vedas). Jyotisha concerns itself with the study and prediction of the movements of celestial bodies, in order to calculate the auspicious time for rituals and ceremonies.

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General definition (in Hinduism)

: WikiPedia: Hinduism

Visvarupa (विसà¥â€à¤µà¤°à¥à¤�): Name of Twashta's son who became the preceptor of the gods, Brihaspati having left when insulted by Indra.

In Buddhism

Tibetan Buddhism (Vajrayana or tantric Buddhism)

Source: Wisdom Library: Tibetan Buddhist Teachers, Deities and other Spiritual beings

³Õ¾±Å›±¹²¹°ùÅ«±è²¹ (विशà¥à¤µà¤°à¥‚प) refers to one of the â€�Twenty-Five Kalkisâ€� (Tibetan: rigs ldan) as well as the â€�Thirty-two kings of Shambhalaâ€�, according to the Tibetan oral recounting and written texts such as the Kalachakra Tantra (°ìÄå±ô²¹³¦²¹°ì°ù²¹³Ù²¹²Ô³Ù°ù²¹), dealing with the Buddhist conception of the end of the world and time.—The Tibetan mythic land (the kingdom of Shambhala) is a parallel world invisible and inaccessible to common people which is closely related to the teaching about the Wheel of Time (dus 'khor). The seven Dharmarajas and twenty-five Kulikas [e.g., ³Õ¾±Å›±¹²¹°ùÅ«±è²¹] are the traditional rulers of Shambhala, passing on the reign from father to son.

³Õ¾±Å›±¹²¹°ùÅ«±è²¹ is also known as Citra°ùÅ«±è²¹. He is known in Tibetan as (1) Natshog Zug (Zugchän) (2) Rigden Natshogzug [rigs ldan sna tshogs gzugs] (3) [sna tshogs gzugs] (4) [sna tshogs gzugs can] and in Mongolian as: Khaan Natsogsüg. His traditional reign is considered to be from 1127 to 1227 CE.

: WikiPedia: Tibetan Buddhism

³Õ¾±Å›±¹²¹°ùÅ«±è²¹ (विशà¥à¤µà¤°à¥‚प) (in Tibetan: Natshog Zug(chän)) (1127â€�1227 CE) refers to the thirteenth of the twenty-five Kalki kings (of Shambhala) who represents the holders of the Kalachakra (“wheel of timeâ€�) teachings of Buddha Shakyamuni.—The king ³Õ¾±Å›±¹²¹°ùÅ«±è²¹ is described as “holder of the vajra prod and nooseâ€�.

Tibetan Buddhism book cover
context information

Tibetan Buddhism includes schools such as Nyingma, Kadampa, Kagyu and Gelug. Their primary canon of literature is divided in two broad categories: The Kangyur, which consists of Buddha’s words, and the Tengyur, which includes commentaries from various sources. Esotericism and tantra techniques (±¹²¹Âá°ù²¹²âÄå²Ô²¹) are collected indepently.

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In Jainism

General definition (in Jainism)

: The University of Sydney: A study of the Twelve Reflections

³Õ¾±Å›±¹²¹°ùÅ«±è²¹ (विशà¥à¤µà¤°à¥‚प) refers to “consisting of the intellectual facultyâ€�, according to the 11th century JñÄånÄårṇava, a treatise on Jain Yoga in roughly 2200 Sanskrit verses composed by Åšubhacandra.—Accordingly, “This self is, by nature, different from the body, etc., consisting of consciousness and bliss [com.â€�±¹¾±Å›±¹²¹°ùÅ«±è²¹â€”‘consisting of the intellectual faculty’] , pure and united with mundane bondage. In reality, there is no unity of the forms of matter and consciousness with regard to mundane bondage and the connection of these two is without a beginning like gold and a flaw in goldâ€�.

General definition book cover
context information

Jainism is an Indian religion of Dharma whose doctrine revolves around harmlessness (ahimsa) towards every living being. The two major branches (Digambara and Svetambara) of Jainism stimulate self-control (or, shramana, ‘self-reliance�) and spiritual development through a path of peace for the soul to progess to the ultimate goal.

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Languages of India and abroad

Marathi-English dictionary

: DDSA: The Molesworth Marathi and English Dictionary

±¹¾±Å›±¹²¹°ùÅ«±è²¹ (विशà¥à¤µà¤°à¥‚प).—a S That takes or exists in all forms; that is in every substance in the universe. A title of brahma q. v.

context information

Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.

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Sanskrit dictionary

: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary

³Õ¾±Å›±¹²¹°ùÅ«±è²¹ (विशà¥à¤µà¤°à¥‚प).â€�a. omnipresent, existing everywhere; तसà¥à¤®à¤¿à¤¨à¥� यशà¥� निहितं विशà¥à¤µà¤°à¥‚पमॠ(tasmin yaÅ›o nihitaá¹� ±¹¾±Å›±¹²¹°ùÅ«±è²¹m) Bá¹�. Up.2.2.2.

-±è²¹á¸� an epithet of Viṣṇu.

-pam agallochum.

³Õ¾±Å›±¹²¹°ùÅ«±è²¹ is a Sanskrit compound consisting of the terms ±¹¾±Å›±¹²¹ and °ùÅ«±è²¹ (रूà¤�).

: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English Dictionary

³Õ¾±Å›±¹²¹°ùÅ«±è²¹ (विशà¥à¤µà¤°à¥‚प).—mfn.

(-±è²¹á¸�-pÄ«-±è²¹á¹�) Taking all forms, existing in all forms, universal, omnipresent. m.

(-±è²¹á¸�) Vishnu. n.

(-±è²¹á¹�) Agallochum. E. ±¹¾±Å›±¹²¹ all, °ùÅ«±è²¹ form.

: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Benfey Sanskrit-English Dictionary

³Õ¾±Å›±¹²¹°ùÅ«±è²¹ (विशà¥à¤µà¤°à¥‚प).—I. adj. taking all forms, omnipresent. Ii. m. Viṣṇu.

³Õ¾±Å›±¹²¹°ùÅ«±è²¹ is a Sanskrit compound consisting of the terms ±¹¾±Å›±¹²¹ and °ùÅ«±è²¹ (रूà¤�).

: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Cappeller Sanskrit-English Dictionary

³Õ¾±Å›±¹²¹°ùÅ«±è²¹ (विशà¥à¤µà¤°à¥‚प).â€�([feminine] Äå & ±¹¾±Å›±¹²¹rÅ«pÄ«) [adjective] many-coloured, multiform, manifold, various. [masculine] [Epithet] of Viṣṇu, [Name] of a son of Tvaṣṭá¹�, of an Asura, & of [several] men.

: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Aufrecht Catalogus Catalogorum

1) ³Õ¾±Å›±¹²¹°ùÅ«±è²¹ (विशà¥à¤µà¤°à¥‚प) as mentioned in Aufrecht’s Catalogus Catalogorum:—[dharma] Oppert. 3010. 6209 ([anonymous]).

2) ³Õ¾±Å›±¹²¹°ùÅ«±è²¹ (विशà¥à¤µà¤°à¥‚प):—lexicographer. Quoted by MaheÅ›vara Oxf. 188^a, by MedinÄ«kara, by Bhaá¹­á¹­oji Oxf. 162^b.

3) ³Õ¾±Å›±¹²¹°ùÅ«±è²¹ (विशà¥à¤µà¤°à¥‚प):—lawyer. Quoted by HemÄådri in PariÅ›eá¹£akhaṇá¸a 1, 159, by ŚūlapÄåṇi Oxf. 283^a, in MadanapÄårijÄåta, by VÄåcaspatimiÅ›ra Oxf. 273^b, by AllÄåá¸anÄåtha W. p. 332, by Raghunandana in DÄåyabhÄågatattva, by KamalÄåkara in Nirṇayasindhu, and others. See ³Õ¾±Å›±¹²¹°ùÅ«±è²¹nibandha and ³Õ¾±Å›±¹²¹°ùÅ«±è²¹samuccaya. Perhaps it is the same author who wrote a
—[commentary] to the YÄåjñavalkyasmá¹›ti, and is quoted by VijñÄåneÅ›vara Oxf. 356^a.

4) ³Õ¾±Å›±¹²¹°ùÅ«±è²¹ (विशà¥à¤µà¤°à¥‚प):—civilly called Maṇá¸anamiÅ›ra, a disciple of Åšaá¹…karÄåcÄårya: KÄåśīmoká¹£anirṇaya. TaittirÄ«yaÅ›rutivÄårttika. Naiá¹£karmyasiddhi. PañcÄ«karaṇavÄårttika. Bá¹›hadÄåraṇyakopaniá¹£advÄårttika. Brahmasiddhi. BrahmasÅ«trabhÄåá¹£yavÄårttika. Compare VivaraṇatattvadÄ«pana. BhÄåvanÄåviveka. MÄånasollÄåsa or Daká¹£iṇÄåmÅ«rtistotravÄårttika. LaghuvÄårttika. VÄårttika (which?). Np. Viii, 38. Oppert. 1646. Ii, 5070. VÄårttikasÄåra. VÄårttikasÄårasaṃgraha.

³Õ¾±Å›±¹²¹°ùÅ«±è²¹ has the following synonyms: SureÅ›vara ÄåcÄårya.

5) ³Õ¾±Å›±¹²¹°ùÅ«±è²¹ (विशà¥à¤µà¤°à¥‚प):—lawyer. Quoted by Devaṇṇa in VyavahÄårakÄåṇá¸a, and said to be later than DhÄåreÅ›vara.

6) ³Õ¾±Å›±¹²¹°ùÅ«±è²¹ (विशà¥à¤µà¤°à¥‚प):—SiddhÄåntadÄ«pikÄå [nyÄåya]

: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary

1) ³Õ¾±Å›±¹²¹°ùÅ«±è²¹ (विशà¥à¤µà¤°à¥‚प):—[=±¹¾±Å›±¹²¹-°ùÅ«±è²¹] [from ±¹¾±Å›±¹²¹] n. sg. various forms, [Manu-smá¹›ti; PañcarÄåtra; RÄåmatÄåpanÄ«ya-upaniá¹£ad]

2) [v.s. ...] mf(Äå or Ä«)n. many-coloured, variegated, [Ṛg-veda; Atharva-veda] etc.

3) [v.s. ...] wearing all forms, manifold, various, [Ṛg-veda; Atharva-veda; TaittirÄ«ya-saṃhitÄå] etc.

4) [v.s. ...] m. Name of [particular] comets, [VarÄåha-mihira’s Bá¹›hat-saṃhitÄå]

5) [v.s. ...] of Åšiva, [²Ñ²¹³óÄå²ú³óÄå°ù²¹³Ù²¹]

6) [v.s. ...] of Viṣṇu-Kṛṣṇa, [Catalogue(s)]

7) [v.s. ...] of a son of Tvaṣṭá¹� (whose three heads were struck off by Indra), [Ṛg-veda; TaittirÄ«ya-saṃhitÄå; BrÄåhmaṇa] etc.

8) [v.s. ...] of an Asura, [²Ñ²¹³óÄå²ú³óÄå°ù²¹³Ù²¹; Harivaṃśa]

9) [v.s. ...] of various scholars etc. ([especially] of a [Scholiast or Commentator] on [YÄåjñavalkya]), [ManvarthamuktÄåvalÄ«, kullÅ«ka bhaá¹­á¹­a’s Commentary on manu-smá¹›ti; Catalogue(s)] etc.

10) ³Õ¾±Å›±¹²¹°ùÅ«±èÄå (विशà¥à¤µà¤°à¥‚पà¤�):—[=±¹¾±Å›±¹²¹-rÅ«pÄå] [from ±¹¾±Å›±¹²¹-°ùÅ«±è²¹ > ±¹¾±Å›±¹²¹] f. a dappled cow, [Ṛg-veda; VÄåjasaneyi-saṃhitÄå; TaittirÄ«ya-brÄåhmaṇa]

11) [v.s. ...] Name of [particular] verses (e.g. [Ṛg-veda v, 81, 2]), [BrÄåhmaṇa; LÄåá¹­yÄåyana]

12) [v.s. ...] [plural] the yoked horses of Bá¹›has-pati, [Naighaṇṭuka, commented on by YÄåska]

13) ³Õ¾±Å›±¹²¹°ùÅ«±è²¹ (विशà¥à¤µà¤°à¥‚प):—[=±¹¾±Å›±¹²¹-°ùÅ«±è²¹] [from ±¹¾±Å›±¹²¹] n. Agallochum, [Horace H. Wilson]

14) [v.s. ...] ([probably]) n. Name of [work]

: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Yates Sanskrit-English Dictionary

³Õ¾±Å›±¹²¹°ùÅ«±è²¹ (विशà¥à¤µà¤°à¥‚प):—[±¹¾±Å›±¹²¹-°ùÅ«±è²¹] (±è²¹á¸�-pÄ«-±è²¹á¹�) a. Taking all forms, omnipresent. m. Vishnu. n. Agallochum.

[Sanskrit to German]

context information

Sanskrit, also spelled संसà¥à¤•ृतमà¥� (²õ²¹á¹ƒs°ìá¹›t²¹³¾), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.

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Kannada-English dictionary

: Alar: Kannada-English corpus

³Õ¾±Å›±¹²¹°ùÅ«±è²¹ (ವಿಶà³à²µà²°à³‚ಪ):â€�

1) [noun] Viṣṇu.

2) [noun] the form of Viṣṇu which is manifested in every object of the universe.

3) [noun] Åšiva.

4) [noun] a kind of black-magic.

5) [noun] the tendency to change one’s forms, outlook, attitude, preference, etc. to take full advantage of different circumstances.

context information

Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.

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See also (Relevant definitions)

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