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(艢搁莫 碍峁氠耿峁咥). Born in the 驰腻诲补惫补 dynasty as the son of Vasudeva and 顿别惫补办墨, 艢r墨 K峁涐梗峁嘺 was the ninth of the ten incarnations of 惭补丑腻惫颈峁ａ箛耻.

Genealogy.

Descended from 痴颈峁ａ箛耻 迟丑耻蝉:鈥�叠谤补丑尘腻 -Atri鈥�Candra鈥�Badha鈥�笔耻谤奴谤补惫补蝉鈥�膧测耻蝉鈥�狈补丑耻峁�a鈥�-驰补测腻迟颈鈥�Yadu鈥�Sahasrajit鈥�艢补迟补箩颈迟鈥�Hehaya鈥�Dharma鈥�Kunti鈥�Bhadrasena鈥�Dhanaka鈥�碍峁泃补惫墨谤测补 鈥�碍腻谤迟补惫墨谤测腻谤箩耻苍补鈥�Jayadhvaja鈥�罢腻濒补箩补峁単丑补鈥�痴墨迟颈丑辞迟谤补鈥�Ananta鈥�Durjaya鈥�驰耻诲丑腻箩颈迟鈥�艢颈苍颈鈥�Satyaka鈥�厂腻迟测补办颈 (驰耻测耻诲丑腻苍补)鈥�Jaya鈥�碍耻峁噄鈥�Anamitra鈥�笔峁浥沶颈鈥�Citraratha鈥�痴颈岣嵟玶补迟丑补鈥�艢奴谤补鈥斉毦辈跃眀hoja鈥�贬峁沝墨办补鈥�艢奴谤补sena鈥擵asudeva鈥斉歳墨 K峁涐梗峁嘺.

Ten sons called Vasudeva, 顿别惫补产丑腻驳补, 顿别惫补艣谤补惫补蝉, 膧苍补办补, 厂峁浢眏补测补, K膩k膩n墨ka, 艢测腻尘补办补, Vatsa, K膩v奴ka and Vasu were born to King 艢奴谤补sena by his wife 惭腻谤颈峁Ｄ�. Of those ten sons Vasudeva married 顿别惫补办墨, the sister of 碍补峁僺补. He had also a second wife called 搁辞丑颈峁嚹� and she was the mother of Balabhadrar膩ma.

艢r墨 K峁涐梗峁嘺鈥檚 former births.

Owing to a curse of 痴补谤耻峁嘺, 碍补艣测补辫补praj膩pati was born on earth as Vasudeva and his (碍补艣测补辫补) wives Aditi and 厂耻谤补蝉腻 were born as 顿别惫补办墨 and 搁辞丑颈峁嚹�. (See under 碍补艣测补辫补 and Aditi). Like this 艢r墨 K峁涐梗峁嘺 also had previous births. Once upon a time from the heart of 叠谤补丑尘腻 was born the 笔谤补箩腻辫补迟颈 called Dharma, who was very truthful and wedded to righteous living according to the injunctions of the Vedas. He wedded the ten daughters of Dak峁�apraj膩pati, and four sons called Hari, K峁涐梗峁嘺 Nara and 狈腻谤腻测补峁嘺 were born to him. Hari and K峁涐梗峁嘺 turned out to be great Yogins, and Nara and 狈腻谤腻测补峁嘺 ascetics. 狈补谤补苍腻谤腻测补峁嘺蝉 performed penance to please 叠谤补丑尘腻 for a thousand years at 叠补诲补谤颈办腻艣谤补尘补 in the valley of the 贬颈尘腻濒补测补蝉. Celestial women, whom Indra had deputed to break their penance, approached them and requested them to take them (celestial women) as their wives. Ascetic 狈腻谤腻测补峁嘺 who got angry at the celestial women鈥檚 request was about to curse them when sage Nara intervened and pacified him. Then sage 狈腻谤腻测补峁嘺 told them 迟丑耻蝉:鈥�"You must protect my Vrata (penance) in this life. In that case, in the next birth I shall satisfy your desire. In the 28th 顿惫腻辫补谤补测耻驳补 I will be incarnating on earth on behalf of the Devas. Then you also may be born as princesses. I shall incarnate as K峁涐梗峁嘺 in the Yadu dynasty and marry all of you. (叠丑腻驳补惫补迟补, 4th Skandha).

Accordingly sage 狈腻谤腻测补峁嘺 was born as 艢r墨 K峁涐梗峁嘺 in the Yadu dynasty, and sage Nara was born as Arjuna to be his companion.

The curse of 叠丑峁沢耻 the great sage also contributed to 惭补丑腻惫颈峁ａ箛耻鈥檚 incarnating himself as 艢r墨 K峁涐梗峁嘺. Once in a war which lasted for 100 years between the Devas and the Asuras most of the latter were killed. Then 艢耻办谤补, preceptor of the Asuras went to Mount 碍补颈濒腻蝉补 to secure exceptional weapons, and the Asuras took refuge under K膩vyam膩t膩, the mother of 艢耻办谤补. Devendra sought 惭补丑腻惫颈峁ａ箛耻鈥檚 aid, and he cut off K膩vyam膩t膩鈥檚 head with his Cakra (discus). 叠丑峁沢耻 was enraged at this killing of a woman. He cursed that 惭补丑腻惫颈峁ａ箛耻 should be born as man. Owing to various reasons like the above 惭补丑腻惫颈峁ａ箛耻 happened to be born as man in the 驰腻诲补惫补 dynasty, as the son of Vasudeva. (顿别惫墨 叠丑腻驳补惫补迟补, 5th Skandha).

Vasudeva鈥檚 wedding.

To 艢奴谤补sena, the 驰腻诲补惫补 King of 惭补迟丑耻谤腻pur墨 was born a son called Vasudeva, and 顿别惫补办墨 was born as the grand-daughter of Devaka, the brother of Ugrasena, another 驰腻诲补惫补 King. 顿别惫补办墨 was the sister of 碍补峁僺补. 顿别惫补办墨 was given in marriage to Vasudeva with a dowry of twelve 产丑腻谤补蝉 (a particular weight) of gold and a chariot. 碍补峁僺补 acted as charioteer in the wedding procession during which a celestial voice addressed 碍补峁僺补 as follows:鈥�'Asy膩岣� tv膩m a峁ａ弓amagarbho 丑补苍迟腻' (Her eighth son will kill you). As soon as he heard the celestial voice 碍补峁僺补 stood up in the chariot ablaze with rage. He caught hold of 顿别惫补办墨 by her hair and raised his sword to cut her throat. All the conciliatory words of Vasudeva failed to pacify 碍补峁僺补. Then Vasudeva promised to hand over to 碍补峁僺补 all the children born to 顿别惫补办墨 immediately after their birth. Accordingly 碍补峁僺补 left them alone.

First-born son of Vasudeva.

The first-born child of Vasudeva was duly handed over to 碍补峁僺补. But, he returned the child to its parents as, according to the celestial voice the first-born child was not to be his enemy. Vasudeva and 顿别惫补办墨 brought it up under the name K墨rtim膩n. On one of those days 狈腻谤补诲补 visited 碍补峁僺补 and told him about his previous life, the object of K峁涐梗峁嘺鈥檚 incarnation etc. Then it was that 碍补峁僺补 realised how fatal to him was the existence of Vasudeva and 顿别惫补办墨, and he hurried up to them and killed the child by dashing its head against a rock. He also kept them chained in prison.

碍补峁僺补鈥檚 excitement.

The information imparted by 狈腻谤补诲补 upset 碍补峁僺补 much. He shut his father Ugrasena in prison and himself became King. He deputed Asuras like Pralamba, 颁腻峁嚺玶补, 罢峁涐箛腻惫补谤迟补, 惭耻峁ａ弓颈办补, 础谤颈峁ａ弓补, 碍别艣墨, Dhenuka, Agha, Vivida and 笔奴迟补苍腻 to harass the 驰腻诲补惫补s, the Andhakas and the 痴峁涐梗峁噄蝉. After the death of K墨rtim膩n, 顿别惫补办墨, in the prison, delivered five sons. (See under 碍补峁僺补. Para 2 for the previous history of the first six sons of 顿别惫补办墨). 碍补峁僺补 killed all the five children also as soon as they were born.

Birth of 艢r墨 K峁涐梗峁嘺.

The Asuras killed in the old Dev膩sura war were later born as cruel and evil Kings on earth. The burden of such Kings having become too much for her, goddess Earth, in the guise of a cow complained about it to 叠谤补丑尘腻 who took her to 艢颈惫补 who too could not find a solution to the problem posed by Bh奴midev墨. So, all of them accompanied by the Devas approached 惭补丑腻惫颈峁ａ箛耻 and prayed for the redress of their grievance. 惭补丑腻惫颈峁ａ箛耻 sent them back comforted by the assurance that he would be born as the son of Vasudeva and 顿别惫补办墨 to solve the problem. He also arranged the Devas to be born as Gopas and the 础辫蝉补谤腻 women as Gopik膩s on earth for his assistance.

顿别惫补办墨 conceived for the 7th time, and it was an aspect of Ananta. 惭补丑腻惫颈峁ａ箛耻 instructed 惭腻测腻诲别惫墨 thus: "You go to the earth and transfer the child in 顿别惫补办墨鈥檚 womb to that of 搁辞丑颈峁嚹�, the second wife of Vasudeva and after that, at the very time of my birth you should be born as daughter of 驰补艣辞诲腻, wife of Nandagopa. You would be worshipped by the world in various names like 础尘产颈办腻, 狈腻谤腻测补峁嚹�, 颁补峁囜笉颈办腻, 顿耻谤驳腻, 叠丑补诲谤补办腻濒墨 etc. The child transferred by you to the womb of 搁辞丑颈峁嚹� will become known as 厂补峁卥补谤峁�a峁嘺, Balabhadra and 搁腻尘补.

Accordingly 惭腻测腻诲别惫墨 transferred the child in 顿别惫补办墨鈥檚 womb to that of 搁辞丑颈峁嚹�, and it was given out that the seventh child of 顿别惫补办墨 was aborted in the womb. 顿别惫补办墨 conceived for the eighth time, and on A峁ａ弓am墨 day in the month of 厂颈峁僪补 (Leo, August-September) when the 叠谤腻丑尘补 stars were collected on the same day was 艢r墨 K峁涐梗峁嘺 born. 惭补丑腻惫颈峁ａ箛耻 incarnated himself as K峁涐梗峁嘺 with the conch, the discus, the club and the lotus flower in his four hands. Vasudeva saluted the marvellous child, and the chain that bound himself and 顿别惫补办墨 broke asunder, and the new-born child spoke thus to Vasudeva:鈥�"In 厂惫腻测补尘产丑耻惫补 Manvantara the 笔谤补箩腻辫补迟颈 called Sutapas with his wife 笔峁浥沶颈 meditated upon me for 12,000 years, and when I appeared to them and asked them to choose any boon they prayed for my being born as their son. In the next life Sutapas was born as 碍补艣测补辫补 and 笔峁浥沶颈 as Aditi, and I incarnated in the form of 痴腻尘补苍补 (Dwarf) as their son. Afterwards 碍补艣测补辫补 and Aditi took various births, and I too took various births as their son. Now also, 碍补艣测补辫补 and Aditi, are born as Vasudeva and 顿别惫补办墨. Just at this time a daughter has been born to Nandagopa and 驰补艣辞诲腻 at Gokula. You shall take me over there and replace me with the child born at Gokula." After having told Vasudeva the above facts K峁涐梗峁嘺 assumed the form of an ordinary child and lay by the side of its mother. At mid-night when the guards at the prison house were deep in sleep the doors of the prison opened by themselves. Vasudeva with the child K峁涐梗峁嘺, started for Gokula and on his way the river 驰补尘耻苍腻 changed its course for him to proceed. The doors of 驰补艣辞诲腻鈥檚 house were open. Owing to the divine prowess of 惭腻测腻诲别惫墨, the child of 驰补艣辞诲腻, everybody in the house went into deep sleep. Vasudeva placed K峁涐梗峁嘺 by the side of Y艣oda膩 and returned home with her child. As soon as he had thus returned the prison-guards woke up and reported to 碍补峁僺补 about the delivery of a child by 顿别惫补办墨. 碍补峁僺补 rushed to the house, caught hold of the child and was about to dash it against the rock when lo! the child slipped free of his hands and rose in the sky wherefrom it spoke as follows:鈥�

Oh! unrighteous and cruel 碍补峁僺补! thy prowess is not to be exhibited against women. Thy killer is born on earth, and search for him everywhere. (艢颈惫补 Pur膩峁嘺, Chapter 1).

Colour of 艢r墨 K峁涐梗峁嘺 and Balabhadrar膩ma.

艢r墨 K峁涐梗峁嘺 was dark in colour and Balabhadra white. There is a story in the 惭补丑腻产丑腻谤补迟补 to explain this difference in their colour. The Devas informed 惭补丑腻惫颈峁ａ箛耻 of their decision to incarnate themselves on earth for the annihilation of the evil and cruel people. Pleased at their decision 痴颈峁ａ箛耻 plucked from his head a black hair and also a white hair and threw them on the ground, and he said that the black hair would enter 顿别惫补办墨 and be born as K峁涐梗峁嘺 while the white one would enter 搁辞丑颈峁嚹� and be born as Balabhadra. Accordingly K峁涐梗峁嘺 became of the colour of the cloud (black) and Balabhadra white in colour. (膧di Parva, Chapter 199, Verse 31).

The incidents during the childhood of 艢r墨 K峁涐梗峁嘺.

(1) 笔奴迟补苍腻mok峁�a (Salvation to 笔奴迟补苍腻). 笔奴迟补苍腻, a 搁腻办峁�a蝉墨 and one of the assassins deputed by 碍补峁僺补 to search out and kill K峁涐梗峁嘺, went to K峁涐梗峁嘺鈥檚 house disguised as a Gopa woman and fed him on her breasts. But the child extracted her life also with her breastmilk, and she assumed her original form and fell down dead.

艢aka峁�膩sura killed.

碍补峁僺补 next deputed the Asura called 艢补办补峁璦 to kill K峁涐梗峁嘺. He approached the sleeping K峁涐梗峁嘺 in the form of a cart and raised great sound. K峁涐梗峁嘺 jumped awake and kicked the cart into hundreds of pieces. (See under 艢补办补峁璦).

Killed T峁涐箛膩vart膩sura.

罢峁涐箛腻惫补谤迟补, son of 罢腻谤补办腻蝉耻谤补, at the behest of 碍补峁僺补 went to Amb膩岣峣 in an invisible (formless) manner. 驰补艣辞诲腻 was then breast-feeding child K峁涐梗峁嘺, and the child appeared to gradually increase in weight. 驰补艣辞诲腻 tried to lay the child on the bed, but had to lay him on the ground as it was too heavy for her to lift up to the bed. At once, 罢峁涐箛腻惫补谤迟补, in the form of a whirl-wind, rose up to the sky carrying K峁涐梗峁嘺 along with him. Amb膩岣峣 (Gokula) was chokingly filled with clouds of dust; the 骋辞辫腻濒补蝉 cried out. But, 艢r墨 K峁涐梗峁嘺 clasped round the Asura鈥檚 neck and rested, and on account of the child鈥檚 weight he could not rise any more. The child hardened its hands around the Asura鈥檚 throat and he got killed and fell down with a thud on a rock. 驰补艣辞诲腻 hurriedly took the child in her hands and covered it with kisses. (See under 罢峁涐箛腻惫补谤迟补).

Naming.

During this period the famous sage Garga visited K峁涐梗峁嘺 at Amb膩岣峣, and he informed Vasudeva and 顿别惫补办墨 of the actual facts relating to K峁涐梗峁嘺. The son of 搁辞丑颈峁嚹� was brought there, and the sage named him 搁腻尘补, and 驰补艣辞诲腻鈥檚 child K峁涐梗峁嘺, and blessed them. Thenceforth 搁腻尘补 and K峁涐梗峁嘺 grew up in Amb膩岣峣 as the apple of the people鈥檚 eyes. (See under Garga).

All the worlds in K峁涐梗峁嘺鈥檚 mouth.

The Gopik膩s once saw K峁涐梗峁嘺 eating mud and informed 驰补艣辞诲腻 of it, and she, in great anger, opened the child鈥檚 mouth to look for the sand when she saw there all the worlds including herself and she closed her eyes in great alarm. (叠丑腻驳补惫补迟补 10th Skandha).

K峁涐梗峁嘺 drags 鲍濒奴办丑补濒补. (Mortar).

驰补艣辞诲腻 was once breast-feeding K峁涐梗峁嘺 when she noticed milk flowing out of the boiling pan, and she put the child on the floor and went to attend to the boiling milk. Angry at this K峁涐梗峁嘺 broke the milk-pot by throwing a stone at it. 驰补艣辞诲腻 then tried to bind the child to the mortar with a cord. But, any number of cords could not reach round the child鈥檚 waist. At this trouble of his mother K峁涐梗峁嘺 decided to oblige her and then the first cord itself sufficed to bind him round the mortar. But, K峁涐梗峁嘺 then began running, dragging the mortar behind him. Dragging the 鲍濒奴办丑补濒补 behind him he passed through a narrow gap between two trees. The trees were shaken and at once the trees rose up in the sky as two Devas. The two trees were actually 狈补濒补办奴产补谤补 and 惭补峁噄驳谤墨惫补, the sons of 痴补颈艣谤补惫补峁嘺, both of whom had been cursed into the form of trees by 狈腻谤补诲补. (See under 狈补濒补办奴产补谤补).

痴补迟蝉腻蝉耻谤补 killed.

艢r墨 K峁涐梗峁嘺 and Balabhadrar膩ma were one day, engaged in sports along with the 骋辞辫腻濒补蝉 on the banks of river 碍腻濒颈苍诲墨. At that time an Asura sent by 碍补峁僺补 got into the ranks of the cows disguised as a cow. 艢r墨 K峁涐梗峁嘺 understood it; Balabhadra also pointed out the new 'cow' to him. Then K峁涐梗峁嘺 leisurely went towards the herd of cattle, lifted the new 'cow' by its legs and tail and dashed it against a peepal tree. The peepal tree and the one next to it were broken, and thus ended the life of 痴补迟蝉腻蝉耻谤补.

Baka killed

On another occasion 碍补峁僺补 deputed 叠补办腻蝉耻谤补, brother of 笔奴迟补苍腻 to kill K峁涐梗峁嘺. He assumed the form of a bird, and lay there on the road with his fierce mouth wide open. The 骋辞辫腻濒补蝉 were terrorstricken. But, K峁涐梗峁嘺 entered the cave-like mouth of the bird leaving his companions behind. The Asura closed his mouth, and the 骋辞辫腻濒补蝉 cried out in fear and agony. But, 艢r墨 K峁涐梗峁嘺 stirred round and round within Baka鈥檚 stomach and he was forced to vomit K峁涐梗峁嘺 out. Along with K峁涐梗峁嘺 he vomited blood and died. (See under Baka).

Killed 础驳丑腻蝉耻谤补.

础驳丑腻蝉耻谤补, brother of Baka and 笔奴迟补苍腻, deputed by 碍补峁僺补 to kill K峁涐梗峁嘺 assumed the form of a serpent and with its mouth opened like a cave lay on the road used by the 骋辞辫腻濒补蝉. The stench that emanated from its mouth vitiated the atmosphere. The 骋辞辫腻濒补蝉 including K峁涐梗峁嘺 and Balabhadra entered the serpent鈥檚 mouth, and immediately its entire body shook and it vomited blood. Life escaped through its broken stomach. The 骋辞辫腻濒补蝉 came out of it and fell down unconscious. But, at the very sight of K峁涐梗峁嘺 they regained consciousness. (See under Agha).

叠谤补丑尘腻 placed in ridiculous situation.

On another occasion 叠谤补丑尘腻 saw Mah膩vis峁噓, in the assumed form of man, playing on the banks of the 碍腻濒颈苍诲墨 along with Balabhadra and his companions. To test whether God possessed powers in the assumed form of man also 叠谤补丑尘腻 carried away the cattle of the 骋辞辫腻濒补蝉. The 骋辞辫腻濒补蝉 were naturally upset at the disappearance of their cows. After consoling them K峁涐梗峁嘺 searched for the cattle on the heights of mount Govardhana and in the forest. But, the cattle were to be found nowhere, and when K峁涐梗峁嘺 returned to the banks of the 碍腻濒颈苍诲墨 the 骋辞辫腻濒补蝉 too had disappeared. Divining the reason for the whole affair by his divine powers, K峁涐梗峁嘺 created both the 骋辞辫腻濒补蝉 and the cows with his divine powers.

One year passed by thus, and one day K峁涐梗峁嘺 and his companions with their cattle went to the top of Govardhana. 叠谤补丑尘腻 was alarmed to find K峁涐梗峁嘺 with the artificially created 骋辞辫腻濒补蝉 and the cattle, and while he was looking at them the colour of all of them began changing and within minutes they put on the form of 痴颈峁ａ箛耻. Moreover, he saw another 叠谤补丑尘腻 and Brahmaloka. Upset and alarmed by the whole phenomenon he sang the praises of 惭补丑腻惫颈峁ａ箛耻 at which his illusion was lifted and he saw the actual K峁涐梗峁嘺, the 骋辞辫腻濒补蝉 and the cattle.

Dhenuk膩sura killed.

There lived in the 碍补诲补濒墨 forest on the banks of the 碍腻濒颈苍诲墨 an Asura called Dhenuka with his followers. The forest was thick with palm trees.

Out of fear of the Asura nobody dared to travel in the forest. 艢r墨 K峁涐梗峁嘺 and Balabhadra having heard the story about Dhenuka one day went to the forest with their companions. Balabhadra shook down a lot of the palm fruits, the 骋辞辫腻濒补蝉 loudly cheered him. The Asura rushed forth challenging them when K峁涐梗峁嘺 and Balabhadra thrashed him to death.

Suppressed 碍腻濒颈测补.

There lived in 碍腻濒颈苍诲墨 a fierce serpent called 碍腻濒颈测补 with his wife and relations. The trees on the banks of the river were withered and had dried up on account of the poisonous breath emitted by the serpent. One day the 骋辞辫腻濒补蝉 and their cattle drank water in the 碍腻濒颈苍诲墨 and fell down dead. Then K峁涐梗峁嘺 climbed a tree on the banks of the river and jumped into its waters and 碍腻濒颈测补 rushed forward to him with his hoods spread out. K峁涐梗峁嘺 stepped on the hoods and danced thereon. 碍腻濒颈测补 vomited blood, got exhausted and prayed to K峁涐梗峁嘺 for mercy. At the instance of K峁涐梗峁嘺 the serpent with its family emigrated to the 搁补尘补峁嘺办补 island. (See under 碍腻濒颈测补).

K峁涐梗峁嘺 swallows fire.

When K峁涐梗峁嘺 came out of the waters after having suppressed 碍腻濒颈测补 and taking with him the gem presented by 碍腻濒颈测补, the 骋辞辫腻濒补蝉 covered K峁涐梗峁嘺 with embraces. People of Amb膩岣峣 came to the banks of the 碍腻濒颈苍诲墨 looking out for the children. As the sun had set by now the 驰腻诲补惫补s spent the night there, when a wild fire enveloped them, and they cried out to K峁涐梗峁嘺. K峁涐梗峁嘺 swallowed the entire fire. (叠丑腻驳补惫补迟补, 10th Skandha).

Killed Pralamba.

While the 骋辞辫腻濒补蝉 were playing once under the shade of a giant peepal tree called 叠丑腻峁囜笉墨谤补办补 an Asura known as Pralamba joined their games disguised as a 骋辞辫腻濒补. K峁涐梗峁嘺 and Balabhadra understood the trick. They made all the others take the following pledge, i.e. that all of them would beat one another, and the vanquished should carry about the victor on his head. The beating began, and the Gopa called 艢谤墨诲腻尘补苍 defeated K峁涐梗峁嘺. 痴峁涐梗补产丑补 defeated Bhadrasena and Balabhadra defeated Pralamba. According to the pledge 艢r墨 K峁涐梗峁嘺 carried on his shoulders 艢谤墨诲腻尘补苍, Bhadrasena carried 痴峁涐梗补产丑补 and Pralamba carried Balabhadra. But, Pralamba rose up to the skies with Balabhadra, who broke the former鈥檚 head, and Pralamba fell down dead in his actual form as an Asura.

Again in wild fire.

The 骋辞辫腻濒补蝉 were once again caught in wild fire at the 惭耻帽箩补 forest on the banks of the 碍腻濒颈苍诲墨. They cried out in great fear when K峁涐梗峁嘺 went to them and asked them to remain standing with eyes closed. They obeyed him, and he swallowed the fire as though it were nectar. The 骋辞辫腻濒补蝉 were astonished to find themselves safe when they opened their eyes. (叠丑腻驳补惫补迟补, 10th Skandha).

Blessed the wives of Brahmins.

K峁涐梗峁嘺 and his companions one day travelled a long way along the banks of the 碍腻濒颈苍诲墨. They felt very hungry and K峁涐梗峁嘺 advised them to request for food at brahmin houses. They begged for food the wives of brahmins, and the wives happy at K峁涐梗峁嘺鈥檚 presence there, came with food. K峁涐梗峁嘺 blessed them. (叠丑腻驳补惫补迟补, 10th Skandha).

Theft of clothes.

K峁涐梗峁嘺 once picked up the clothes of the Gopa women who were bathing in the 碍腻濒颈苍诲墨 and climbed to the top of a tree with the clothes and played on his flute. The Gopa women came out of the river and saluted K峁涐梗峁嘺 with folded hands. He then returned the clothes to them. (叠丑腻驳补惫补迟补, 10th Skandha).

Mount Govardhana used as Umbrella.

Indra is the rain-God. The people of Amb膩岣峣 used to perform 测补箩帽补 every year in favour of Indra for rain-fall. K峁涐梗峁嘺 opposed the custom saying that Mount Govardhana was the house-hold deity of the people of Amb膩岣峣 and it was enough for them to worship the mountain. The people of Amb膩岣峣, therefore, offered the Yaj帽a they had arranged that year for Indra to Govardhana. Angered at this Indra let loose heavy rains on Amb膩岣峣. K峁涐梗峁嘺 uprooted and held Mount Govardhana like an umbrella lest the people should suffer from the heavy rains, and they took shelter under it. The rain did not stop even after seven days. Yet, due to K峁涐梗峁嘺鈥檚 kindness the people did not suffer any hardships. Beaten at his own game, Indra sang the praises of K峁涐梗峁嘺. Devasurabhi (cow of the Devas) came and saluted K峁涐梗峁嘺 and anointed him, as the Indra of the 骋辞辫腻濒补蝉. The Devas addressed him 'Govinda' meaning, he who protects the cattle. (叠丑腻驳补惫补迟补, 10th Skandha).

Nandagopa abducted by 痴补谤耻峁嘺.

Once after having observed 贰办腻诲补艣墨惫谤补迟补 Nanda bathed in the river 碍腻濒颈苍诲墨. At the instance of 痴补谤耻峁嘺 a Deva abducted and took him to the abode of 痴补谤耻峁嘺. People of Amb膩岣峣 were distressed at the disappearance of Nandagopa. K峁涐梗峁嘺 and Balabhadra dived into the 碍腻濒颈苍诲墨 and rose up at Varu峁嚹乴aya. 痴补谤耻峁嘺 told them that he had abducted Nandagopa so that he might see 痴颈峁ａ箛耻 in person, and requested to be pardoned. Meanwhile the people of Amb膩岣峣, who came to 碍腻濒颈苍诲墨 saw all the worlds reflected in it. K峁涐梗峁嘺 and 搁腻尘补 returned to Amb膩岣峣 with their father, Nandagopa. (叠丑腻驳补惫补迟补, 10th Skandha).

搁腻蝉补办谤墨岣嵞�.

At the advent of the spring the melody of K峁涐梗峁嘺鈥檚 flute rendered the Gopa women love-lorn. He went to 痴峁沶诲腻惫补苍补 with his flute, and all the Gopa women, both married and unmarried followed him. K峁涐梗峁嘺 made a futile attempt to send them back to their houses. But, the love-sick Gopa women did not. Suddenly K峁涐梗峁嘺 disappeared from among them, and the Gopa women mad with love roamed about 痴峁沶诲腻惫补苍补 with 搁腻诲丑腻 calling "O K峁涐梗峁嘺! K峁涐梗峁嘺!" Suddenly K峁涐梗峁嘺 appeared before them. He entered the waters of the 碍腻濒颈苍诲墨 with them and satisfied them. 艢r墨 K峁涐梗峁嘺 thus explained Bhaktiyoga to the world. (叠丑腻驳补惫补迟补, 10th Skandha).

Python swallowed Nandagopa.

One day the Gopas performed Mahe艣vara P奴j膩 (worship) in 顿别惫墨 forest, and they spent the night without going to sleep on the banks of the 碍腻濒颈苍诲墨. A python from somewhere began swallowing Nandagopa. Though the Gopas tried their best the snake did not loosen its grip on Nandagopa. Then K峁涐梗峁嘺 gave it a kick and the snake transformed itself into a Deva called 厂耻诲补谤艣补苍补. He was a 痴颈诲测腻诲丑补谤补, who had been converted into a python by the curse of sage 础峁単颈谤补蝉. (See under 厂耻诲补谤艣补苍补).

Killed 础谤颈峁ａ弓腻蝉耻谤补. (V峁涐梗膩sura).

During this period 础谤颈峁ａ弓腻蝉耻谤补, a follower of 碍补峁僺补, came to Amb膩岣峣 disguised as an ox, and people got terror-stricken at the sight of the fierce ox. K峁涐梗峁嘺 engaged himself in a duel with the ox (础谤颈峁ａ弓补) and killed it. (See under 础谤颈峁ａ弓补).

Killed 碍别艣墨.

碍补峁僺补 then sent an Asura called 碍别艣墨 to Amb膩岣峣. He approached K峁涐梗峁嘺 in the guise of a horse into whose mouth the latter thrust his hand, which began growing in size with the result that the Asura vomited blood and expired; K峁涐梗峁嘺 got the name 碍别艣补惫补 as he killed 碍别艣墨. (叠丑腻驳补惫补迟补, 10th Skandha).

Killed Vyom膩sura.

Vyom膩sura, son of 惭补测腻蝉耻谤补 was the last of the Asuras deputed by 碍补峁僺补 to kill K峁涐梗峁嘺. He joined the company of the Gopas disguised as a goat. K峁涐梗峁嘺 dragged him into a cave and killed him there. (叠丑腻驳补惫补迟补 10th Skandha).

艢r墨 K峁涐梗峁嘺 quits Amb膩岣峣.

When all the attempts of 碍补峁僺补 to do away with K峁涐梗峁嘺 failed he resorted to another trick. 碍补峁僺补 invited 艢r墨 K峁涐梗峁嘺 and Balabhadra, feigning great affection, to witness the dhanur 测补箩帽补 (worshipping the bow) being held at 惭补迟丑耻谤腻pur墨, the capital of the country. The invitation was sent through 础办谤奴谤补, a great devotee of K峁涐梗峁嘺. He went to Amb膩岣峣 with a chariot and delivered to K峁涐梗峁嘺 and Balabhadra 碍补峁僺补鈥檚 invitation to them for the fourteen days'dhanur 测补箩帽补. The Gopas and 骋辞辫墨蝉 shed tears at the prospect of K峁涐梗峁嘺 leaving Amb膩岣峣. But, K峁涐梗峁嘺 and Balabhadra took leave of them and started for 惭补迟丑耻谤腻pur墨 in the chariot brought by 础办谤奴谤补. On their way to 惭补迟丑耻谤腻 they bathed in the 碍腻濒颈苍诲墨 and when they dived in its waters 础办谤奴谤补 saw the 痴颈艣惫补谤奴辫补 (Cosmic form of K峁涐梗峁嘺). After the bath they continued their journey when 础办谤奴谤补 informed K峁涐梗峁嘺 in secret, about all the evil tactics of 碍补峁僺补 and requested him to kill the latter. (叠丑腻驳补惫补迟补, 10th Skandha).

搁腻尘补 and K峁涐梗峁嘺 in 惭补迟丑耻谤腻pur墨.

Rajakavadha (the washerman is slain).

搁腻尘补 and K峁涐梗峁嘺 duly reached 惭补迟丑耻谤腻pur墨, and in the evening they went out for a stroll in the city to view its beauties when they saw a washerman carrying the washed clothes of 碍补峁僺补. They asked him for some of the clothes but the washerman not only refused them the clothes but also ridiculed them calling them cattle-breeders. 艢r墨 K峁涐梗峁嘺 thrashed the washerman on the spot and distributed the clothes among the children who had gathered there, himself wearing a yellow cloth from the stock and giving a blue one to Balabhadra.

Ka帽cukak膩ra (tailor) given salvation.

Next, they saw a tailor who used to stitch shirts, turbans etc. for 碍补峁僺补. He presented costly shirts and turbans to 搁腻尘补 and K峁涐梗峁嘺. K峁涐梗峁嘺 gave him salvation and distributed the clothes to the Gopas with him.

厂耻诲腻尘补苍 presents garlands.

Then K峁涐梗峁嘺 and 搁腻尘补 entered the house of 厂耻诲腻尘补苍 who gave them each a garland. K峁涐梗峁嘺 blessed him.

Straightened the hunch-back 罢谤颈惫补办谤腻.

搁腻尘补 and K峁涐梗峁嘺 continued their walk when they saw a female hunch-back coming opposite to them with a beautiful vessel filled with a峁単ar膩ga (fragrant things like sandalwood, musk etc. reduced into a paste to be smeared on the body). She told them that she was the maid-inattendance of 碍补峁僺补; her name was 罢谤颈惫补办谤腻 and the a峁単ar膩ga in the vessel was for the use of 碍补峁僺补. She felt pure love for K峁涐梗峁嘺 and gave him the a峁単ar膩ga along with the vessel. 搁腻尘补 and K峁涐梗峁嘺 smeared their bodies with it. K峁涐梗峁嘺 stepped on her feet and with his right hand raised her chin upwards and she was cured of her hunch. Her love for K峁涐梗峁嘺 knew no bounds and she begged him to spend the night in her house. K峁涐梗峁嘺 promised to oblige her on another occasion and continued the walk.

K峁涐梗峁嘺 broke the bow.

搁腻尘补 and K峁涐梗峁嘺 continued their walk into the Yaj帽a hall of 碍补峁僺补. A big bow was seen there, and K峁涐梗峁嘺 broke it with his left hand before the guards could approach him. With the broken pieces of the bow he killed the soldiers sent by 碍补峁僺补 to take him and 搁腻尘补 into custody. They again continued their walk. The sun set, and though they lay down to sleep thoughts about the underhand dealings of 碍补峁僺补 kept them sleepless.

K峁涐梗峁嘺 killed the fierce elephant.

That night K峁涐梗峁嘺 dreamt many an inauspicious dream. The next morning 碍补峁僺补 set up an arena for pugilistic combats. 驰腻诲补惫补 chiefs like Nandagopa, many other important persons in 惭补迟丑耻谤腻 and 碍补峁僺补 took their seats on the dais. Famous pugilists like 颁腻峁嚺玶补, 惭耻峁ａ弓颈办补, 碍奴峁璦, 艢补濒补 and Kosala also entered the scene. 碍补峁僺补 had stationed a fierce elephant called 碍耻惫补濒补测腻辫墨岣峚 on the way 搁腻尘补 and K峁涐梗峁嘺 had to take to enter the arena for pugilistic competition. The mahout prompted the elephant to catch hold of K峁涐梗峁嘺, and in the fight that ensued with the animal K峁涐梗峁嘺 killed it and gave one tusk of it to 搁腻尘补. K峁涐梗峁嘺 beat the mahout also to death with the tusk. After this they entered the scene.

碍补峁僺补 killed.

The pugilistic competition started. 颁腻峁嚺玶补 fought against K峁涐梗峁嘺 and 惭耻峁ａ弓颈办补 against 搁腻尘补 and both 颁腻峁嚺玶补 and 惭耻峁ａ弓颈办补 were killed. 搁腻尘补 and K峁涐梗峁嘺 killed three other famous pugilists too, who confronted them following the death of 颁腻峁嚺玶补 and 惭耻峁ａ弓颈办补. Thereupon the remaining pugilists ran away into the forest. 碍补峁僺补, burning with anger, jumped up from his seat roaring, "Annihilate the 骋辞辫腻濒补蝉, kill Nandgopa, drown Ugrasena, the friend of our enemies, in the 碍腻濒颈苍诲墨" etc. Responding to 碍补峁僺补鈥檚 war-cry 艢r墨 K峁涐梗峁嘺 jumped into the former鈥檚 sofa and pushed him down. K峁涐梗峁嘺 jumped on to the back of 碍补峁僺补 and killed him. Balabhadra killed with his iron club the eight brothers of 碍补峁僺补 who rushed against K峁涐梗峁嘺. After consoling the women, who lamented over the death of 碍补峁僺补 and others 艢r墨 K峁涐梗峁嘺 got their dead bodies duly cremated. 搁腻尘补 and K峁涐梗峁嘺 released Vasudeva and 顿别惫补办墨 and Ugrasena immediately from prison. Ugrasena was crowned King of 惭补迟丑耻谤腻.

Farewell to the people of Amb膩岣峣.

搁腻尘补 and K峁涐梗峁嘺 saluted Nandagopa and 驰补艣辞诲腻, and entrusted to them their clothes and bows for safe custody. Then saying that they would return after strengthening the Yadu dynasty, 搁腻尘补 and K峁涐梗峁嘺 sent their parents and the other Gopas home. (叠丑腻驳补惫补迟补, 10th Skandha).

Education of 搁腻尘补 and K峁涐梗峁嘺.

(1) After bidding adieu to the people of Amb膩岣峣, Vasudeva, on the advice of sage Garga sent 搁腻尘补 and K峁涐梗峁嘺 for their studies to the 膧艣谤补尘补 of the great sage 厂腻苍诲墨辫补苍颈. During their education at the 膧艣谤补尘补 K峁涐梗峁嘺 and Kucela became intimate friends. One day, at the instance of the wife of their preceptor, K峁涐梗峁嘺 and Kucela went into the forest to gather firewood. In the heavy rain and storm that followed they lost their track and wandered about in the forest. The next day the preceptor brought them back from the forest. K峁涐梗峁嘺 learned the sixty-four arts and dhanurveda (science of archery) at the feet of 厂腻苍诲墨辫补苍颈. (叠丑腻谤补迟补, Southern Text, Page 802; 厂补产丑腻 Parva, Chapter 38).

Gurudak峁�i峁嚹� (Preceptor鈥檚 fees).

When 搁腻尘补 and K峁涐梗峁嘺 completed their studies they asked the preceptor as to what he wanted by way of tuition fee, and the guru wanted to get back his son, who was, years ago, drowned in Prabh膩sa t墨rtha. Accordingly 搁腻尘补 and K峁涐梗峁嘺 went in their chariot to 痴补谤耻峁嘺 at the sea coast. 痴补谤耻峁嘺 told them that it was the Asura called 笔补帽肠补箩补苍补, who lived in the sea in the form of a conch, who had killed their preceptor鈥檚 son. 艢r墨 K峁涐梗峁嘺 entered the sea and killed the Asura. But, the child was not to be seen inside the conch. Blowing this conch, which in later years became famous as 笔腻帽肠补箩补苍测补, 搁腻尘补 and K峁涐梗峁嘺 went to Yama鈥檚 abode, who on being told about the object of their visit returned the child to 搁腻尘补 and K峁涐梗峁嘺. They presented the child to their preceptor. He blessed them and they returned to 惭补迟丑耻谤腻pur墨.

Upto K峁涐梗峁嘺鈥檚 return to 顿惫腻谤补办腻.

Message through Uddhava.

搁腻尘补 and K峁涐梗峁嘺 who returned to 惭补迟丑耻谤腻pur墨 after their studies at 厂腻苍诲墨辫补苍颈鈥檚 膧艣谤补尘补 thought about the people of Amb膩岣峣. It was a long time since they had heard about them. So K峁涐梗峁嘺 sent a massage to Amb膩岣峣 by his minister Uddhava. After duly delivering the message Uddhava stayed at Amb膩岣峣 four or five months after which he returned to 惭补迟丑耻谤腻 with the presents given to K峁涐梗峁嘺 by Nandagopa, 驰补艣辞诲腻 and the other Gopas. (2) Visited 罢谤颈惫补办谤腻. K峁涐梗峁嘺 had promised to visit the house of 罢谤颈惫补办谤腻 at the time he cured her of her hunch, and she had been for long awaiting K峁涐梗峁嘺. But only now he got the opportunity to fulfil his promise. He accepted her hospitality at her house and thus ended her grief.

Interested himself in the 笔腻峁囜笉补惫补蝉.

By this time 笔腻峁囜笉耻 had died. The 笔腻峁囜笉补惫补蝉 and 碍耻苍迟墨, sister of K峁涐梗峁嘺鈥檚 father were living at 贬补蝉迟颈苍腻辫耻谤补 along with the Kauravas. They were victims to all sorts of miseries. Hearing about the sad plight of the 笔腻峁囜笉补惫补蝉 K峁涐梗峁嘺 deputed 础办谤奴谤补 to 贬补蝉迟颈苍腻辫耻谤补 to enquire about them. 碍耻苍迟墨dev墨, with tears in her eyes, told 础办谤奴谤补 about the injustice being done against the 笔腻峁囜笉补惫补蝉 by the Kauravas and the continuous attempts being made to kill 叠丑墨尘补. 础办谤奴谤补 visited important persons like Vidura, 顿丑峁泃补谤腻峁ａ弓谤补 etc. 础办谤奴谤补 exhorted 顿丑峁泃补谤腻峁ａ弓谤补, who had succeeded 笔腻峁囜笉耻 as King, to mete out equal justice to Kauravas as well as to the 笔腻峁囜笉补惫补蝉. 础办谤奴谤补 returned to 惭补迟丑耻谤腻 and gave a report to K峁涐梗峁嘺 about his visit to the 笔腻峁囜笉补惫补蝉.

The 闯补谤腻蝉补苍诲丑补 war.

Asti and 笔谤腻辫迟颈, wives of 碍补峁僺补 complained about the killing of their husband by K峁涐梗峁嘺 to their father 闯补谤腻蝉补苍诲丑补, King of Magadha. 闯补谤腻蝉补苍诲丑补, aided by such famous Kings as 厂腻濒惫补, 碍补濒颈峁単补, Cedir膩ja, Dantavaktra and 艢颈艣耻辫腻濒补 besieged 惭补迟丑耻谤腻pur墨 with a big army. 驰腻诲补惫补 leaders like K峁涐梗峁嘺, Balabhadra, Uddhava, 础办谤奴谤补 and 碍峁泃补惫补谤尘补苍 met the enemies in battle in which many kings got killed. Balabhadra met 闯补谤腻蝉补苍诲丑补 in duel, but let him off on the request of K峁涐梗峁嘺. But, 闯补谤腻蝉补苍诲丑补, supported by 叠腻峁嚹乻耻谤补 and others besieged 惭补迟丑耻谤腻 again and again. When Balabhadra attempted to kill 闯补谤腻蝉补苍诲丑补, a celestial voice declared that it was not possible for the former to kill 闯补谤腻蝉补苍诲丑补, and the war, therefore, ended for the time being.

K峁涐梗峁嘺 and Balabhadra meet 笔补谤补艣耻谤腻尘补.

The continuous war with 闯补谤腻蝉补苍诲丑补 reduced the financial resources of the 驰腻诲补惫补s and to replenish their treasury 艢r墨 K峁涐梗峁嘺 and Balabhadra started for mount Gomantaka the repository of gems and on their way they saw 笔补谤补艣耻谤腻尘补 engaged in penance under a peepal tree. 笔补谤补艣耻谤腻尘补 told them that there was a kingdom at the foot of the Gomantaka called 碍补谤补惫墨谤补 ruled by King S峁沢膩lav膩sudeva and advised them to kill him and collect enough money and gems. K峁涐梗峁嘺 and Balabhadra did so and reached 笔谤补惫补谤峁�a峁嘺giri with money and gems so collected. There 骋补谤耻岣峚 brought back to K峁涐梗峁嘺 his crown which had been, sometime back, stolen away by 叠腻峁嚹乻耻谤补. K峁涐梗峁嘺 and 搁腻尘补 returned to 惭补迟丑耻谤腻pur墨. Since S峁沢膩lav膩sudeva had been killed by K峁涐梗峁嘺 and 搁腻尘补, 闯补谤腻蝉补苍诲丑补 attacked 惭补迟丑耻谤腻pur墨 again, for the eighteenth time. Though during all the wars 闯补谤腻蝉补苍诲丑补 was defeated, by that time the 驰腻诲补惫补 power had been weakened much and so K峁涐梗峁嘺 ultimately decided to leave 惭补迟丑耻谤腻 and found another kingdom somewhere else. K峁涐梗峁嘺 had two reasons to come to this decision. Firstly, 闯补谤腻蝉补苍诲丑补 was the father-in-law of his uncle 碍补峁僺补. Next, it was 闯补谤腻蝉补苍诲丑补鈥檚 object to conquer 惭补迟丑耻谤腻pur墨 for 碍补峁僺补鈥檚 sons. Taking into consideration the above two objects of 闯补谤腻蝉补苍诲丑补, K峁涐梗峁嘺 and 搁腻尘补 voluntarily quitted 惭补迟丑耻谤腻 with the 驰腻诲补惫补s and went and lived in the city built for them by 痴颈艣惫补办补谤尘补苍 on an island called 顿惫腻谤补办腻 in the western sea. (See under 碍耻艣补蝉迟丑补濒墨). (叠丑腻驳补惫补迟补, 10th Skandha).

K峁涐梗峁嘺 killed 碍腻濒补测补惫补苍补.

King 碍腻濒补测补惫补苍补 wanted to conquer 惭补迟丑耻谤腻pur墨 for which purpose he performed penance and secured from 艢颈惫补 the boon that none of the 驰腻诲补惫补s would be able to kill him. K峁涐梗峁嘺 had shifted to 顿惫腻谤补办腻, somewhat dejected by the thought that 碍腻濒补测补惫补苍补 could not be killed because of the protection accorded by 艢颈惫补鈥檚 boon.

Another thing also happened at this juncture. King Mucukunda, son of 惭腻苍诲丑腻迟腻 had on the request of Indra gone to Devaloka and defeated the Asuras in war. Indra asked him to choose his reward for this service and Mucukunda wanted to be shown a place for him to sleep as he had not slept for a long time. Indra, accordingly showed him a cave on earth and told him that he who disturbed him in sleep would be reduced to ashes by his very look. Mucukunda went to sleep in that cave.

碍腻濒补测补惫补苍补 approached K峁涐梗峁嘺 to kill him and the latter, pretending to be in fear of 碍腻濒补测补惫补苍补, ran before him. 碍腻濒补测补惫补苍补 followed K峁涐梗峁嘺, who entered the cave where Mucukunda was sleeping and he followed K峁涐梗峁嘺 into the cave also. 碍腻濒补测补惫补苍补, mistaking Mucukunda for K峁涐梗峁嘺, kicked him violently whereupon he jumped up from sleep and looked at 碍腻濒补测补惫补苍补, who was reduced to ashes. Then K峁涐梗峁嘺 appeared before Mucukunda. who praised the former. On the advice of K峁涐梗峁嘺 he performed penance at 叠补诲补谤颈办腻艣谤补尘补 and attained salvation. (叠丑腻驳补惫补迟补, 10th Skandha).

艢r墨 K峁涐梗峁嘺 escaped from fire.

Balabhadra and K峁涐梗峁嘺 started for 顿惫腻谤补办腻 carrying all the riches of 碍腻濒补测补惫补苍补. They met 闯补谤腻蝉补苍诲丑补 on their way and took to their heels. 闯补谤腻蝉补苍诲丑补 followed them to the heights of Mount 笔谤补惫补谤峁�a峁嘺 where they disappeared. 闯补谤腻蝉补苍诲丑补 set fire to the four sides of the mountain when 搁腻尘补 and K峁涐梗峁嘺 escaped secretly from the fire to 顿惫腻谤补办腻. 闯补谤腻蝉补苍诲丑补 returned to Magadha believing that both his antagonists were burned to death. (叠丑腻驳补惫补迟补, 10th Skandha).

Wedding of 搁腻尘补 and K峁涐梗峁嘺.

叠补濒补产丑补诲谤补-搁别惫补迟墨.

Balabhadra married 搁别惫补迟墨, daughter of King 膧苍补谤迟补 of 碍耻艣补蝉迟丑补濒墨, former name of 顿惫腻谤补办腻.

碍峁涐梗峁嘺-搁耻办尘颈峁嚹�.

King 叠丑墨峁�m补办补 of Vidarbha had five sons the eldest of whom was 搁耻办尘墨. His sixth child was a daughter and she was named 搁耻办尘颈峁嚹�. Stories about K峁涐梗峁嘺 kindled in 搁耻办尘颈峁嚹� love for him. 搁耻办尘墨, who hated K峁涐梗峁嘺, wanted to give his sister in marriage to 艢颈艣耻辫腻濒补. 搁耻办尘颈峁嚹� sent through a brahmin a message about the affair to 顿惫腻谤补办腻. On the day of 搁耻办尘颈峁嚹�鈥檚 厂惫补测补峁僾补谤补 搁腻尘补 and K峁涐梗峁嘺 also went to Ku峁囜笉inapur墨, capital of Vidarbha. and K峁涐梗峁嘺. in the presence of all Kings, carried 搁耻办尘颈峁嚹� away in his chariot. The Kings who, under the leadership of 搁耻办尘墨, attacked K峁涐梗峁嘺 were routed. A son called Pradyumna was born to K峁涐梗峁嘺 by 搁耻办尘颈峁嚹�. (See under Pradyumna).

碍峁涐梗峁嘺-闯腻尘产补惫补迟墨.

Prasena, brother of the 驰腻诲补惫补 King Satr膩jit, went ahunting wearing on him the gem called Syamantaka presented to the latter by the Sungod. 闯腻尘产补惫腻苍 saw a lion carrying off the gem after killing Prasena. He killed the lion, recovered the gem from it and gave it to his children to play with. A rumour was spread that it was K峁涐梗峁嘺 who had killed and stolen the gem. K峁涐梗峁嘺 searched for the gem in the forest and found it out in the cave of 闯腻尘产补惫腻苍. In the duel that ensued between 闯腻尘产补惫腻苍 and K峁涐梗峁嘺 the former was defeated. He recognised K峁涐梗峁嘺 to be the Lord, and presented Syamantaka and also his daughter 闯腻尘产补惫补迟墨 to K峁涐梗峁嘺 and 闯腻尘产补惫补迟墨 thus became K峁涐梗峁嘺鈥檚 wife. (See under Syamantaka).

艢r墨 K峁涐梗峁嘺-厂补迟测补产丑腻尘腻.

艢r墨 K峁涐梗峁嘺 returned Syamantaka to Satr膩jit and he, in return, gave his daughter 厂补迟测补产丑腻尘腻 in marriage to K峁涐梗峁嘺. Though Syamantaka was given to K峁涐梗峁嘺 by way of dowry he did not accept it. (叠丑腻驳补惫补迟补, 10th Skandha).

艢r墨 K峁涐梗峁嘺-碍腻濒颈苍诲墨.

The happy news that the 笔腻峁囜笉补惫补蝉 had escaped from the lac palace and were living at 碍丑腻峁囜笉补惫补辫谤补蝉迟丑补 took some time to reach K峁涐梗峁嘺, who had been pained to know that they were burned to death in the palace. As soon as K峁涐梗峁嘺 knew that the 笔腻峁囜笉补惫补蝉 were safe at 碍丑腻峁囜笉补惫补辫谤补蝉迟丑补 he went to them along with 驰腻诲补惫补 chiefs like 厂腻迟测补办颈 and others. It was then that the fire-god Vahni, requested Arjuna for the 碍丑腻峁囜笉补惫补 forest for his food and Arjuna consented to it. It was K峁涐梗峁嘺 who drove Arjuna鈥檚 chariot in his fight with Indra at the burning of the forest by Agnideva. (See under 碍丑腻峁囜笉补惫补d膩ha). Arjuna saved Maya from the 碍丑腻峁囜笉补惫补 fire and Maya, in return for the kindness, built a palace for the 笔腻峁囜笉补惫补蝉 at Indraprastha. K峁涐梗峁嘺 also lived there for a few days. One day while K峁涐梗峁嘺 was strolling on the banks of the 碍腻濒颈苍诲墨 in the company of Arjuna they saw a woman, who told them that her name was 碍腻濒颈苍诲墨 and that she would marry none but K峁涐梗峁嘺. K峁涐梗峁嘺 then took her as his wife. (See under 碍腻濒颈苍诲墨). After staying at Indraprastha for three or four months K峁涐梗峁嘺 returned to 顿惫腻谤补办腻 with 碍腻濒颈苍诲墨. (叠丑腻驳补惫补迟补, 10th Skandha).

艢r墨 K峁涐梗峁嘺-惭颈迟谤补惫颈苍诲腻.

The King of 础惫补苍迟墨 had married 搁腻箩腻诲丑颈诲别惫墨, sister of K峁涐梗峁嘺鈥檚 father and they had two sons called Vinda and Anuvinda and a daughter 惭颈迟谤补惫颈苍诲腻, who had fixed in her mind K峁涐梗峁嘺 as her husband. K峁涐梗峁嘺, who was present at her 厂惫补测补峁僾补谤补 carried her off on his chariot to 顿惫腻谤补办腻.

艢r墨 K峁涐梗峁嘺-厂补迟测腻.

King Nagnajit of Kosala, father of 厂补迟测腻, had seven oxen like elephants in strength. The King proclaimed that his daughter would be married to the person who would tie down the oxen. Various Kings attempted the task but failed. Ultimately Arjuna and K峁涐梗峁嘺 went to Kosala and K峁涐梗峁嘺 assumed seven forms and tied down the oxen with cords. The seven oxen at once fell down. K峁涐梗峁嘺 took 厂补迟测腻 for his wife.

艢r墨 K峁涐梗峁嘺-碍补颈办别测墨 (叠丑补诲谤腻).

K峁涐梗峁嘺 married 碍补颈办别测墨, the daughter of 艢谤耻迟补办墨谤迟颈, sister of K峁涐梗峁嘺鈥檚 father.

艢r墨 K峁涐梗峁嘺-尝补办峁�m补峁嚹�.

尝补办峁�m补峁嚹�, daughter of King of Madra chose K峁涐梗峁嘺 at her 厂惫补测补峁僾补谤补 and she became K峁涐梗峁嘺鈥檚 wife.

K峁涐梗峁嘺-16000 women.

叠谤补丑尘腻 had given the boon to the 16000 daughters of 狈补谤补办腻蝉耻谤补 in their previous birth that 痴颈峁ａ箛耻 would marry them in their next birth. While even the Devas were suffering on account of 狈补谤补办腻蝉耻谤补, 艢r墨 K峁涐梗峁嘺 along with 厂补迟测补产丑腻尘腻 mounted 骋补谤耻岣峚, went to 笔谤腻驳箩测辞迟颈峁�a, the kingdom of 狈补谤补办腻蝉耻谤补, defeated him in fight and released his 16000 daughters from captivity. He returned with them to 顿惫腻谤补办腻, assumed the guise of 16000 men and married those 16000 girls. He built a palace for each of his 16000 wives. (For details see under 狈补谤补办腻蝉耻谤补).

碍峁涐梗峁嘺'蝉

16008 wives. The eight women, i.e. 搁耻办尘颈峁嚹�, 闯腻尘产补惫补迟墨, 厂补迟测补产丑腻尘腻, 碍腻濒颈苍诲墨, 惭颈迟谤补惫颈苍诲腻, 厂补迟测腻, 碍补颈办别测墨 (叠丑补诲谤腻) 尝补办峁�m补峁嚹� and the 16000 daughters of 狈补谤补办腻蝉耻谤补 constituted K峁涐梗峁嘺鈥檚 harem. (The 16000 daughters of 狈补谤补办腻蝉耻谤补 are not mentioned by name in the 笔耻谤腻峁嘺蝉). (See under Sudatt膩 and 碍别迟耻尘腻苍 IV.)

Gave Salvation to Gha峁囜弓膩kar峁嘺s.

骋丑补峁囜弓补 and 碍补谤峁嘺 were two demon brothers. K峁涐梗峁嘺 met them at 叠补诲补谤颈办腻艣谤补尘补 where he had gone after his marriage with 搁耻办尘颈峁嚹�, to perform penance to 艢颈惫补 for a child. K峁涐梗峁嘺 offered salvation to the two demon brothers, 骋丑补峁囜弓补 and 碍补谤峁嘺.

Fight between K峁涐梗峁嘺 and Arjuna.

(See under 骋腻濒补惫补).

Killed Mur膩sura.

(See under Mura).

Killed 狈补谤补办腻蝉耻谤补.

(See under Naraka).

Plucked away 笔腻谤颈箩腻迟补.

During the period when 狈补谤补办腻蝉耻谤补 was having his own ways on the earth and when he took away by force Indra鈥檚 royal umbrella and the ear-rings of Aditi, the 顿别惫补尘腻迟腻, Indra sought K峁涐梗峁嘺鈥檚 help to suppress the Asura. K峁涐梗峁嘺 along with 厂补迟测补产丑腻尘腻, mounted 骋补谤耻岣峚, went and killed the Asura and restored the royal umbrella to Indra and the ear-rings to Aditi. On their way back home K峁涐梗峁嘺, as desired by 厂补迟测补产丑腻尘腻, plucked by its roots the 笔腻谤颈箩腻迟补 from Devaloka at which Indra fought K峁涐梗峁嘺, but got defeated. The 笔腻谤颈箩腻迟补 was brought to 顿惫腻谤补办腻 and planted in front of 厂补迟测补产丑腻尘腻鈥檚 palace. It is stated that 笔腻谤颈箩腻迟补 was thus brought and planted by K峁涐梗峁嘺 to alleviate the grief caused to 厂补迟测补产丑腻尘腻 by the return by K峁涐梗峁嘺 of Syamantaka to Satr膩jit. (叠丑腻驳补惫补迟补, 10th Skandha).

K峁涐梗峁嘺鈥檚 sons and grand-children.

Ten sons were born to each of the eight chief wives鈥攆rom 搁耻办尘颈峁嚹� to 尝补办峁�m补峁嚹佲�攐f K峁涐梗峁嘺. Names of the chief among those eighty sons are given below.

Of 搁耻办尘颈峁嚹�鈥�

Pradyumna, 颁腻谤耻dek峁ａ箛a, Sudek峁ａ箛a, 颁腻谤耻诲别丑补, 厂耻肠腻谤耻, 颁腻谤耻驳耻辫迟补, 叠丑补诲谤补肠腻谤耻, 颁腻谤耻肠补苍诲谤补, Atic膩ru, 颁腻谤耻.

Of 闯腻尘产补惫补迟墨鈥�

厂腻尘产补, Sumitra.

Of 厂补迟测补产丑腻尘腻鈥�

叠丑腻苍耻, 厂耻产丑腻苍耻, 厂惫补谤产丑腻苍耻, 笔谤补产丑腻苍耻, 叠丑腻苍耻m膩n, 颁补苍诲谤补产丑腻苍耻, 叠峁沨补诲产丑腻苍耻, Havirbh膩nu, 艢谤墨产丑腻苍耻, 笔谤补迟颈产丑腻苍耻.

Of 碍腻濒颈苍诲墨鈥�

艢谤耻迟补.

Of 惭颈迟谤补惫颈苍诲腻鈥�

痴峁沰补丑补峁僺补.

Of 厂补迟测腻鈥�

叠丑腻苍耻candra.

Of 叠丑补诲谤腻鈥�

厂补峁単谤腻尘补肠颈迟迟补.

Of 尝补办峁�m补峁嚹佲��

笔谤补驳丑辞峁�a.

A daughter called Rukm膩vat墨 was born to 搁耻办尘墨, brother of 搁耻办尘颈峁嚹�. Pradyumna married Rukm膩vat墨 and Aniruddha was their son. It was this Aniruddha, who wedded U峁Ｄ�. 颁腻谤耻mat墨, the daughter of 搁耻办尘颈峁嚹� was married by the son of 碍峁泃补惫补谤尘补苍 (叠丑腻驳补惫补迟补, 10th Skandha).

K峁涐梗峁嘺 tested 搁耻办尘颈峁嚹�

While 艢r墨 K峁涐梗峁嘺 was once having a chat with 搁耻办尘颈峁嚹� he wanted to test her love for him. So he told her that he was penniless and helpless and was hiding from his enemies there at 顿惫腻谤补办腻 and that he would only be really glad if she married some other powerful King. K峁涐梗峁嘺 had not completed his sentences when 搁耻办尘颈峁嚹� fell down unconscious. K峁涐梗峁嘺 then consoled her. (叠丑腻驳补惫补迟补, 10th Skandha).

K峁涐梗峁嘺 fought with 叠腻峁嘺.

See under 叠腻峁嘺

K峁涐梗峁嘺 killed 笔补耻峁囜笉谤补办补.

See under 笔补耻峁囜笉谤补办补.

狈峁沢补 given salvation.

See under 狈峁沢补.

艢r墨k峁涐梗峁嘺 blessed 笔腻帽肠腻濒墨 at the time of her 厂惫补测补峁僾补谤补

(See under 笔腻帽肠腻濒墨).

厂耻产丑补诲谤腻 given in marriage to Arjuna.

Arjuna had to go on a pilgrimage for one year as atonement for having got into the palace where 驰耻诲丑颈峁ａ弓丑颈谤补 was spending the days with 笔腻帽肠腻濒墨. It was during this period of his pilgrimage that Arjuna married 厂耻产丑补诲谤腻, who was the younger sister of K峁涐梗峁嘺 due to whose cleverness alone Arjuna got her as his wife. (For details see under 厂耻产丑补诲谤腻).

K峁涐梗峁嘺 got the club called Kaumodak墨 and he saved Maya.

See under 碍丑腻峁囜笉补惫补d膩ha.

K峁涐梗峁嘺 with the 笔腻峁囜笉补惫补蝉.

The rest of K峁涐梗峁嘺鈥檚 life was intimately connected with the history of the 笔腻峁囜笉补惫补蝉. Important roles played by K峁涐梗峁嘺 during the period up to the great war, are summarised below.

(1) He conducted Yaj帽a continuously for many years for the protection of Dharma (righteousness). (厂补产丑腻 Parva, Chapter 8, Verse 16).

(2) Permitted 驰耻诲丑颈峁ａ弓丑颈谤补 to perform 搁腻箩补蝉奴测补 测补箩帽补. (Chapter 14, 厂补产丑腻 Parva, 惭补丑腻产丑腻谤补迟补).

(3) Along with 叠丑墨尘补 and Arjuna, he went to 惭补迟丑耻谤腻 in the guise of a brahmin and killed 闯补谤腻蝉补苍诲丑补. (See under 闯补谤腻蝉补苍诲丑补).

(4) He crowned Sahadeva, son of 闯补谤腻蝉补苍诲丑补, as King of 惭补迟丑耻谤腻. (厂补产丑腻 Parva, Chapter 24, Verse 43).

(5) He gave a lot of money as donation at the 搁腻箩补蝉奴测补 Yaj帽a of 驰耻诲丑颈峁ａ弓丑颈谤补. (厂补产丑腻 Parva, Chapter 33, Verse 13).

(6) He was presented with ear-rings by Bh奴midev墨 (goddess Earth). (厂补产丑腻 Parva, Page 808, Southern text).

(7) He killed 艢颈艣耻辫腻濒补. (See under 艢颈艣耻辫腻濒补).

(8) He made the clothes of 笔腻帽肠腻濒墨 unending when Duryodhana tried to strip her naked in the royal assembly. (See under 笔腻帽肠腻濒墨).

(9) He fought 厂腻濒惫补 and Saubha. (See under 厂腻濒惫补 and Saubha).

(10) He once took 厂耻产丑补诲谤腻 and Arjuna to 顿惫腻谤补办腻. (Vana Parva, Chapter 22; Verses 47, 48).

(11) He consoled the 笔腻峁囜笉补惫补蝉 at the 碍腻尘测补办补 forest. (Vana Parva, Chapter 183, Verse 16).

(12) He ate the bit of a leaf of greens from 笔腻帽肠腻濒墨鈥檚 vessel and was pleased with her. (See under 笔腻帽肠腻濒墨).

(13) Attended the wedding of Abhimanyu at Upaplavyanagara and gave a lot of money to Dharmaputra. (痴颈谤腻峁璦 Parva, Chapter 72, Verse 24).

(14) He sent to the court of King 痴颈谤腻峁璦 a messenger, who explained to him the corrupt ways of the Kauravas and the righteousness of the 笔腻峁囜笉补惫补蝉. (Udyoga Parva, Chapter 1).

Tested by 狈腻谤补诲补.

狈腻谤补诲补 wanted to know how K峁涐梗峁嘺 managed to satisfy all his 16008 wives. For this purpose he visited their houses and 狈腻谤补诲补 was wonder-struck to find K峁涐梗峁嘺 engaged in conversation with his wives in all the houses he visited. (叠丑腻驳补惫补迟补, 10th Skandha).

K峁涐梗峁嘺 blessed Kucela.

See under Kucela.

The story of Sant膩nagop膩lam.

See para 7 (d) under Arjuna.

K峁涐梗峁嘺 feigned sleep.

The Kauravas refused to part with half the kingdom to the 笔腻峁囜笉补惫补蝉, who had returned from their exile in the forest. Both the sides began preparations for war. Duryodhana went to 顿惫腻谤补办腻 to invite K峁涐梗峁嘺 to his side, and seeing him at a distance K峁涐梗峁嘺 feigned sleep and lay down there. Duryodhana occupied a stool at the head of K峁涐梗峁嘺鈥檚 bed. Arjuna, who also came to seek his help, stood with folded hands at K峁涐梗峁嘺鈥檚 feet. It was Arjuna whom K峁涐梗峁嘺 first saw on waking up. But Duryodhana told him that it was he who had come first. K峁涐梗峁嘺 was in a fix, and he had to promise to help both the sides. He promised his entire army to one side and his personal help, himself without any weapons with him, to the other side, and Arjuna was asked to make his choice first as he was younger than Duryodhana. Arjuna chose K峁涐梗峁嘺 without arms and Duryodhana with his infantry. K峁涐梗峁嘺 agreed to act as Arjuna鈥檚 charioteer.

As messenger of peace in Kaurava assembly.

Dharmaputra requested K峁涐梗峁嘺 to find out means to avoid war somehow or other and K峁涐梗峁嘺 sent a message to 顿丑峁泃补谤腻峁ａ弓谤补 through 厂补帽箩补测补 but nothing came out of it. Ultimately K峁涐梗峁嘺 himself decided to visit the Kauravas for which purpose he went first to 顿惫腻谤补办腻 in his chariot with 厂腻迟测补办颈. On his way K峁涐梗峁嘺 held talks with many a great sage. From 顿惫腻谤补办腻 he returned to 贬补蝉迟颈苍腻辫耻谤补 where he visited and consoled 碍耻苍迟墨 at Vidura鈥檚 house. He had his supper also there. The next day he attended Duryodhana鈥檚 court and strongly pleaded for the 笔腻峁囜笉补惫补蝉. But Duryodhana and others ridiculed him and even attempted to take him captive. 艢r墨 K峁涐梗峁嘺 at once exhibited his 痴颈艣惫补-谤奴辫补 (Cosmic form). The Kauravas were frightened to witness 叠谤补丑尘腻 on K峁涐梗峁嘺鈥檚 forehead, 艢颈惫补 on his chest, 膧诲颈迟测补-Vasu-Rudras in his mouth etc. 艢r墨 K峁涐梗峁嘺 granted the blind 顿丑峁泃补谤腻峁ａ弓谤补 divine eyes to see this 痴颈艣惫补谤奴辫补 and he sang the praise of K峁涐梗峁嘺. K峁涐梗峁嘺 returned to the 笔腻峁囜笉补惫补蝉 after advising 碍补谤峁嘺 to fight on the 笔腻峁囜笉补惫补 side in the impending war. (Udyoga Parva).

K峁涐梗峁嘺 in the great war.

The parts K峁涐梗峁嘺 played during the Kuru-笔腻峁囜笉补惫补 war are briefly given below.

(1) The Kaurava and the 笔腻峁囜笉补惫补 armies were gathered at 碍耻谤耻办峁�e迟谤补 in full battle array and Arjuna, at the sight of the thousands of relations in the opposite camp, became a prey to a great delusion and sat down. K峁涐梗峁嘺 then enthused him to fight by giving him advice, which came later to be known as the great 骋墨迟腻. The 骋墨迟腻 contains the 厂腻峁卥丑测补, Yoga, the characteristics of the wise people and the unwise, description about 测补箩帽补s, greatness of knowledge, characteristics of 厂腻峁僰丑测补 and ni峁�k膩makarma, yogins, 箩帽腻苍补测辞驳补 etc. (叠丑墨峁�m补 Parva, Chapters 26-42).

(2) At the commencement of the battle, K峁涐梗峁嘺 blew aloud his conch 笔腻帽肠补箩补苍测补. (叠丑墨峁�m补 Parva, Chapter 25, Verse 15).

(3) K峁涐梗峁嘺 rushed forward with his Cakr膩yudha to kill 叠丑墨峁�m补, who then praised K峁涐梗峁嘺. (叠丑墨峁�m补 Parva, Chapter 65).

(4) He prompted Arjuna to kill 叠丑墨峁�m补. (叠丑墨峁�m补 Parva, Chapter 106, Verse 33).

(5) He received on his chest the Vai峁ａ箛av膩stra shot by Bhagadatta against Arjuna. (顿谤辞峁嘺 Parva, Chapter 29, Verse 13).

(6) Consoled Arjuna, who was lamenting over the death of Abhimanyu. (顿谤辞峁嘺 Parva, Chapter 72).

(7) Consoled 厂耻产丑补诲谤腻, who was sunk in sorrow at the loss of her son. (顿谤辞峁嘺 Parva, Chapter 77).

(8) Consoled the crying 笔腻帽肠腻濒墨 and 鲍迟迟补谤腻. (顿谤辞峁嘺 Parva, Chapter 78).

(9) Took Arjuna in a dream to 艢颈惫补 and got 艢颈惫补鈥檚 blessing for him. (顿谤辞峁嘺 Parva, Chapter 80).

(10) He looked after the horses in the battle-field. 顿谤辞峁嘺 Parva, Chapter 100).

(11) Prompted Arjuna to kill Duryodhana. (顿谤辞峁嘺 Parva, Chapter 102).

(12) K峁涐梗峁嘺 created illusory darkness and prompted Arjuna to kill Jayadratha. (See under Jayadratha).

(13) He lifted the darkness after Jayadratha was killed by Arjuna. (顿谤辞峁嘺 Parva, Chapter 146).

(14) As it was not proper for Arjuna and 碍补谤峁嘺 to be fighting with each other at mid-night he deputed 骋丑补峁璷迟办补肠补 to fight 碍补谤峁嘺. (顿谤辞峁嘺 Parva, Chapter 173).

(15) He consoled Dharmaputra, who was grieving over the death of 骋丑补峁璷迟办补肠补. (顿谤辞峁嘺 Parva, Chapter 153).

(16) He prompted Arjuna to kill 碍补谤峁嘺. (碍补谤峁嘺 Parva, Chapter 60).

(17) Withdrew Arjuna from confrontation with 碍补谤峁嘺 on the pretext of attending to Dharmaputra, who had been wounded. (碍补谤峁嘺 Parva, Chapter 64).

(18) A sudden dispute arose between Dharmaputra and Arjuna, who drew his sword to kill the former. And K峁涐梗峁嘺 reconciled them by relating the story of 痴测腻诲丑补 and 碍补耻艣颈办补 (For the story see under Val膩ka).

(19) Arjuna got ready to commit suicide: K峁涐梗峁嘺 dissuaded him from the attempt. (碍补谤峁嘺 Parva, Chapter 70).

(20) K峁涐梗峁嘺 again prompted Arjuna to kill 碍补谤峁嘺.

(21) In the fierce battle that ensued between Arjuna and 碍补谤峁嘺, K峁涐梗峁嘺 pressed down the platform of the chariot when the latter shot the 苍腻驳腻蝉迟谤补 (the serpent arrow). The arrow flew off with Arjuna鈥檚 crown. (碍补谤峁嘺 Parva, Chapter 90).

(22) Arjuna killed 碍补谤峁嘺 after which K峁涐梗峁嘺 prompted Dharmaputra to kill 艢补濒测补. (艢补濒测补 Parva, Chapter 7).

(23) K峁涐梗峁嘺 prompted 叠丑墨尘补 to kill Duryodhana in an illusory battle. (艢补濒测补 Parva, Chapter 58).

(24) As requested by 驰耻诲丑颈峁ａ弓丑颈谤补 K峁涐梗峁嘺 left the battle-field for 贬补蝉迟颈苍腻辫耻谤补 and returned after consoling 顿丑峁泃补谤腻峁ａ弓谤补 and 骋腻苍诲丑腻谤墨. (艢补濒测补 Parva, Chapter 62).

(25) K峁涐梗峁嘺 cursed 础艣惫补迟迟丑腻尘腻 who released arrows against pregnant women. (See under 础艣惫补迟迟丑腻尘腻).

(26) Asked 叠丑墨峁�m补 to instruct 驰耻诲丑颈峁ａ弓丑颈谤补 on dharma (righteousness). (艢腻苍迟颈 Parva, Chapter 51).

(27) He granted the boon to 叠丑墨峁�m补 lying on the bed of arrows that he would not feel hunger and thirst and that his intellect would function powerfully as long as he was discoursing on dharma. (艢腻苍迟颈 Parva, Chapter 52).

(28) He related to Arjuna the root meaning of his various names. (艢腻苍迟颈 Parva, Chapter 341).

(29) He explained to sages and Bh奴midev墨 some profound doctrines about God and the world. (础苍耻艣腻蝉补苍补 Parva, Chapter 167).

(30) He gave permission to 叠丑墨峁�m补 to die. (础苍耻艣腻蝉补苍补 Parva, Chapter 167).

(31) Consoled Ga峁単膩dev墨 who grieved over the death of 叠丑墨峁�m补. (础苍耻艣腻蝉补苍补 Parva, Chapter 168).

(32) He once again revealed the doctrine of the 骋墨迟腻 in the form of discussions between Siddhamahar峁�is and 碍补艣测补辫补. (膧艣谤补尘补v膩sika Parva, Chapter 16).

(33) After the great war was over he went to 顿惫腻谤补办腻 with 厂耻产丑补诲谤腻 and 厂腻迟测补办颈 with the consent of 驰耻诲丑颈峁ａ弓丑颈谤补. (膧艣谤补尘补v膩sika Parva, Chapter 57, Verses 54-58).

艢r墨 K峁涐梗峁嘺 again at 顿惫腻谤补办腻.

When K峁涐梗峁嘺 returned to 顿惫腻谤补办腻, Sage 鲍迟迟补峁卥补 visited him. The sage was told details about the Kauravas and the 笔腻峁囜笉补惫补蝉 by K峁涐梗峁嘺. He detailed to the sage spiritual principles too and showed him his 痴颈艣惫补谤奴辫补 (Cosmic form). K峁涐梗峁嘺 participated in festival held by the 驰腻诲补惫补s on the Raivata mountain. Afterwards when he went to 顿惫腻谤补办腻 he told his father Vasudeva details about the war. He himself performed the obsequies of Abhimanyu. (础艣惫补尘别诲丑补 Parva).

Killed Ha峁僺a岣峣bhakas.

See under 岣宨产丑补办补.

K峁涐梗峁嘺 brought back 笔补谤墨办峁�i迟 to life.

K峁涐梗峁嘺 again went to 贬补蝉迟颈苍腻辫耻谤补. There 鲍迟迟补谤腻, wife of Abhimanyu, delivered, but the child was born dead as the arrow of 础艣惫补迟迟丑腻尘腻 had hit her womb. K峁涐梗峁嘺 brought the dead child back to life on the request of 碍耻苍迟墨. It was this child, who became later famous as 笔补谤墨办峁�i迟. (础艣惫补尘别诲丑补 Parva, Chapter 66).

The evening of K峁涐梗峁嘺鈥檚 life.

The curse of 骋腻苍诲丑腻谤墨.

Most of the heroes and distinguished archers like Duryodhana had been killed in the great war, and 骋腻苍诲丑腻谤墨 overwhelmed with grief and anger at the death of her sons lamented over them loudly. She realised that K峁涐梗峁嘺 was the cause of all the destruction and cursed him as follows:鈥�"If I have gained any powers by my loyal and devout service to my husband, O! K峁涐梗峁嘺 I curse you on the strength of that power. Since you forsook relations like the Kauravas and the 笔腻峁囜笉补惫补蝉 who quarrelled with each other, you also will have to witness the killing of relations. Thirtysix years from today your relations, ministers and sons will be killed, and you too will be killed by a hunter in the forest. Your women-folk also will cry as we women cry now." (厂迟谤墨 Parva, Chapter 25).

The curse of 骋腻苍诲丑腻谤墨 that the 驰腻诲补惫补 dynasty would be annihilated after thirtysix years was fulfilled. In the thirtysixth year another curse also befell the dynasty which contributed further to its annihilation.

Curse of the sages.

The sages 痴颈艣惫腻尘颈迟谤补, 碍补峁噕补 and 狈腻谤补诲补 came to 顿惫腻谤补办腻 once. Some 驰腻诲补惫补s brought 厂腻尘产补 dressed as a pregnant woman before the sages and asked them derisively what child, whether male or female, would 厂腻尘产补 give birth to. Angry at this insult, the sages said that the 'pregnant woman' would deliver an iron rod, which would become instrumental for the destruction of the 驰腻诲补惫补 dynasty. K峁涐梗峁嘺 who was told about the curse said that it was as it was destined to be. Next day 厂腻尘产补 delivered an iron rod. The 驰腻诲补惫补s filed it into powder and threw the powder into the sea. 艢r墨 K峁涐梗峁嘺 enforced prohibition of liquours in 顿惫腻谤补办腻 with the object of avoiding any untoward incidents in 顿惫腻谤补办腻. It was declared that those who produced liquor would be hanged to death along with their families. (Mausala Parva, Chapter 1).

Evil omens.

Signs of the destruction of the 驰腻诲补惫补s began appearing. Agents of 碍腻濒补 visited house after house. Rats multiplied in numbers everywhere in the land, and they began gnawing the nails and hairs of people enjoying sleep. Sheep howled like jackals. Asses were born from cows and cats from mules. Dogs cohabited with rats. The Cakr膩yudha (Discus) given to K峁涐梗峁嘺 by Agnideva at the time of 碍丑腻峁囜笉补惫补d膩ha disappeared into the sky while the 驰腻诲补惫补s were looking on. Thus symptoms of an all-round destruction were witnessed.

Destruction of the r膩davas.

艢r墨 K峁涐梗峁嘺, Balabhadra, Uddhava and others were about to go on a pilgrimage, and the Yadus, the 痴峁涐梗峁噄蝉 and the Andhakas began manufacturing and drinking liquor. They also began to quarrel with one another. The powder of the iron rod thrown into the sea was washed ashore and it grew up like arrow-like grass. The 驰腻诲补惫补s fought with one another and many were killed. K峁涐梗峁嘺 got terribly angry at the death of 厂腻迟测补办颈, Pradyumna and others. He plucked a handful of grass and it transformed itself into an iron rod with which he beat to death those around him. Then all the people plucked up the grass which turned into iron rods. They fought amongst themselves with the iron rods and all of them got killed.

Death of 搁腻尘补 and K峁涐梗峁嘺.

During this period Balabhadra went and seated himself under a tree in deep meditation. K峁涐梗峁嘺 stood near him. 顿腻谤耻办补 and Babhru also arrived there. K峁涐梗峁嘺 deputed 顿腻谤耻办补 to 贬补蝉迟颈苍腻辫耻谤补 to inform Arjuna about the annihilation of the 驰腻诲补惫补 race. Then K峁涐梗峁嘺 went to the palace and consoled the women-folk there. When he told them that Arjuna would come and take care of them, his wives shed tears. K峁涐梗峁嘺 then took leave of Vasudeva and returned to Balabhadra. K峁涐梗峁嘺 saw even at a distance a white serpent coming out of Balabhadra鈥檚 mouth and moving away to 笔腻迟腻濒补 through the sea. The serpent which was the soul of Balabhadra was duly received by the prominent 狈腻驳补蝉 in 笔腻迟腻濒补. K峁涐梗峁嘺 roamed about the forest for some time and then lay down on the ground immersed in Yoga with his feet raised up. An Asura called Jara, who saw K峁涐梗峁嘺鈥檚 raised feet from a distance mistook the same for a deer and shot it with his arrows. K峁涐梗峁嘺 expired at once and rose up in the guise of 痴颈峁ａ箛耻 to 痴补颈办耻峁囜弓丑补. (Mausala Parva).

Reason for K峁涐梗峁嘺鈥檚 foot being hit by arrow.

顿耻谤惫腻蝉补蝉 once went to 顿惫腻谤补办腻 and enquired who was there to put him up as a guest. K峁涐梗峁嘺 invited him to his palace and treated him as a very honoured guest. He began creating trouble there by breaking vessels, eating only very sparsely at times but eating all that he saw at other times. K峁涐梗峁嘺 and 搁耻办尘颈峁嚹� put up with the vagaries of the sage quite patiently. One day the sage expressed a desire to taste pudding, and accordingly K峁涐梗峁嘺 and 搁耻办尘颈峁嚹� cooked it and served it to the sage. After tasting some pudding he asked K峁涐梗峁嘺 to smear his whole body with the balance of it and K峁涐梗峁嘺 did so except the bottom of his feet. The sage asked him why he did not smear the nether surface of his feet with the pudding to which K峁涐梗峁嘺 humbly answered that he did not like doing so. 顿耻谤惫腻蝉补蝉 smeared 搁耻办尘颈峁嚹�鈥檚 body with what remained of the pudding. He yoked 搁耻办尘颈峁嚹� to the chariot and rode off swiftly in it. On the way he whipped 搁耻办尘颈峁嚹�. K峁涐梗峁嘺 ran after the chariot so that he might be of service to the sage. After he had gone some distance the sage jumped out of the chariot and ran through the forest. Ultimately he turned round to K峁涐梗峁嘺 and told him as follows:鈥�"Oh! K峁涐梗峁嘺! I am pleased with your service. Let 搁耻办尘颈峁嚹� have the first place among your wives. She will not be affected by old age. And, you will never meet with death by being hit at those parts of your body which have been smeared with the pudding."

When K峁涐梗峁嘺 and 搁耻办尘颈峁嚹� returned to the palace the vessels which 顿耻谤惫腻蝉补蝉 had broken were found to be in a more glittering condition than of old. Their welfare and happiness were also increased. K峁涐梗峁嘺 died hit by the arrow of the hunter on the lower surface of his feet as he had not smeared that part of the body with the pudding left over by 顿耻谤惫腻蝉补蝉. (础苍耻艣腻蝉补苍补 Parva, Chapter 159), (There is another story to the effect that Jara, the hunter, was 叠腻濒颈 (whom 艢r墨 搁腻尘补 had killed) reborn, and he killed K峁涐梗峁嘺 in retaliation for his former death).

After K峁涐梗峁嘺鈥檚 death.

(i) Arjuna came to 顿惫腻谤补办腻 and cremated K峁涐梗峁嘺. (Mausala Parva, Chapter 7, Verse 31).

(ii) After his death K峁涐梗峁嘺, lives in the guise of 狈腻谤腻测补峁嘺 in the divine sphere. (Svarg膩roha峁嘺 Parva, Chapter 5, Verses 24-26).

(iii) Anointed queens like 搁耻办尘颈峁嚹� and 闯腻尘产补惫补迟墨 and some other wives of K峁涐梗峁嘺 entered his funeral pyre and ended their lives. (Mausala Parva, Chapter 7, Verses 73 and 74).

(iv) While Arjuna was leading the remaining wives of K峁涐梗峁嘺 away from 顿惫腻谤补办腻 forest-dwellers attacked them on the way. But the women, to escape from their clutches, ran off and jumped into the river 厂补谤补蝉惫补迟墨 and died in its waters. Their souls entered heaven (Svarg膩roha峁嘺 Parva, Chapter 6, Verse 25).

Names of K峁涐梗峁嘺.

(a) Used in 惭补丑腻产丑腻谤补迟补. Acyuta, Adhideva, 础诲丑辞办峁�a箩补, 膧诲颈诲别惫补, Aja, Amadhya, 础苍腻诲颈, 础苍腻诲颈madhyaparyanta, 础苍腻诲颈nidhana, An膩dya, Ananta, Andhakav峁涐梗峁噄n膩tha, Asica, 膧迟尘补苍, Avyakta, Avyaya, Bhojar膩janyavardhana, 叠丑奴迟别艣惫补谤补, 叠丑奴迟补辫补迟颈, Bh奴t膩tman, 叠丑奴迟别艣补, Cakradhara, Cakradh膩r墨, Cakragad膩bh峁泃, Cakragad膩dhara, Cakragad膩p膩峁噄, 颁补办谤补辫腻峁噄, Cakr膩yudha, 顿腻艣腻谤丑补, 顿腻艣腻谤丑补bhart膩, D膩艣膩rh膩dhipati, 顿腻艣腻谤丑补kulavardhana, 顿腻艣腻谤丑补nandana, 顿腻艣腻谤丑补n膩tha, 顿腻艣腻谤丑补si峁僪a, 顿腻艣腻谤丑补v墨ra, 顿腻尘辞诲补谤补, Devadeva, 顿别惫补诲别惫别艣补, Devadeve艣vara, 顿别惫补办墨nandana. Gad膩graja, 骋补谤耻岣峚dhvaja, 骋辞辫腻濒补, Gopendra, Gop墨janapriya, Govinda, Haladhar膩nuja, Hari, 贬峁涐梗墨办别艣补, 闯补苍腻谤诲补苍补, 碍补峁僺补ke艣ini峁Ｅ玠ana, 碍补峁僺补ni峁Ｅ玠ana, Kaustubhabh奴峁�a峁嘺; 碍别艣补惫补, Ke艣ih膩, Ke艣i丑补苍迟腻, Ke艣ini峁Ｅ玠ana, Ke艣is奴dana, 惭补丑腻产腻丑耻, P墨tav膩sas, 搁补尘腻苍腻迟丑补, 搁腻尘腻苍耻箩补 艢补颈惫测补蝉耻驳谤墨惫补惫腻丑补苍补, 艢补尘产丑耻, 艢a峁卥hacakragad膩dhara, 艢a峁卥hacakragad膩hasta, 艢a峁卥hacakragad膩p膩峁噄, 艢a峁卥hacakr膩sip膩峁噄, 艢膩r峁単adhanurdhara, 艢膩r峁単adhanv膩, 艢膩r峁単agad膩p膩峁噄, 艢膩r峁単agad膩sip膩峁噄, 艢腻谤峁単墨, 艢补耻谤颈, 艢奴濒补产丑峁泃, S奴l墨, Sa峁卥ar峁�a峁嚹乶uja, Sarvad膩艣膩rhahart膩, Sarvan膩garipudhvaja, Sarvay膩davanandana, Satya, Supar峁嘺ketu, T膩rk峁�yadhvaja, T膩rk峁�yarak峁�a峁嘺, Trailokyan膩tha, Triyuga, 痴腻蝉耻诲别惫补, Vasudevaputra, Vrajan膩tha, V峁涐梗峁噄艣膩rd奴la, V峁涐梗峁噄艣re峁ａ弓ha, V峁涐梗峁噄kulodvaha, V峁涐梗峁噄nandana, V峁涐梗峁噄pati, V峁涐梗峁噄pravara, V峁涐梗峁噄pu峁単ava, 痴峁涐梗峁噄蝉attama, 痴峁涐梗峁噄蝉i峁僪a, V峁涐梗峁噄j墨va, V峁涐梗峁噛andhakapati, V峁涐梗峁噛andhakottama, 驰腻诲补惫补, 驰腻诲补惫补艣膩rd奴la, 驰腻诲补惫补艣re峁ａ弓ha, Y膩dav膩grya, 驰腻诲补惫补nandana, Y膩dave艣vara, Yadu艣膩rd奴la, Yad奴艣re峁ａ弓ha, 驰补诲奴诲惫补丑补, Yadupu峁単ava, Yadusukh膩vaha, Yad奴ttama, Yaduva峁兣沘vivardhana, 驰辞驳别艣惫补谤补, 驰辞驳墨艣补, 驰辞驳墨.

(b) Synonyms of K峁涐梗峁嘺 in Amarako艣a.

"惫颈峁ａ箛耻谤 苍腻谤腻测补峁嘺岣� k峁涐梗峁噊 vaiku峁囜弓ho vi艣峁璦ra艣rav膩岣� / d膩modaro 丑峁涐梗墨办别艣补岣� 办别艣补惫辞 尘腻诲丑补惫补岣� svabh奴岣� // daity膩ri岣� pu峁囜笉ar墨k膩k峁�o govindo 驳补谤耻岣峚诲丑惫补箩补岣� / p墨t膩mbarocyuta岣� 艣膩r峁単墨 vi峁�vakseno 箩补苍腻谤诲补苍补岣� // upendra indr膩varaja岣� cakrap膩峁噄艣 肠补迟耻谤产丑耻箩补岣� / padman膩bho madhuripur 惫腻蝉耻诲别惫补蝉 迟谤颈惫颈办谤补尘补岣� // devak墨nandana艣艣auri岣� 艣r墨pati岣� 辫耻谤耻峁�o迟迟补尘补岣� / 惫补苍补尘腻濒墨 balidhva峁僺墨 ka峁僺膩r膩tir 补诲丑辞办峁�a箩补岣� // vi艣vambhara岣� kai峁璦bhajid vidhu艣 艣r墨vatsal膩帽chana岣�."

(痴颈峁ａ箛耻, 狈腻谤腻测补峁嘺, K峁涐梗峁嘺, 痴补颈办耻峁囜弓丑补, Vi峁ａ弓ara艣ravas, 顿腻尘辞诲补谤补, 贬峁涐梗墨办别艣补, 碍别艣补惫补, 惭腻诲丑补惫补, Svabh奴, Daity膩ri, 笔耻峁囜笉补谤墨办腻办峁�a, Govinda, 骋补谤耻岣峚dhvaja, 笔墨迟腻尘产补谤补, Acyuta, 艢腻谤峁単墨, 痴颈峁�v补办蝉别苍补, 闯补苍腻谤诲补苍补, Upendra, Indr膩varaja, 颁补办谤补辫腻峁噄, Caturbhuja, 笔补诲尘补苍腻产丑补, Madhuripu, 痴腻蝉耻诲别惫补, Trivikrama, 顿别惫补办墨nandana, 艢补耻谤颈, 艢r墨pati, 笔耻谤耻峁�o迟迟补尘补, Vanam膩l墨, Balidhva峁僺墨, Ka峁僺膩r膩ti, 础诲丑辞办峁�a箩补, Vi艣vambhara, Kai峁璦bhajit, Vidhu, 艢r墨vatsal膩帽chana.).