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Glossary definitions and references:

Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for 鈥淩ole of Pathya-Apathya in the Management of Prameha (Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus)鈥�. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.

1) Prameha:
In Ayurveda, Prameha refers to a group of metabolic disorders characterized by excessive urination, including conditions analogous to diabetes mellitus in modern medicine. Prameha is classified into various types based on dosha involvement and is significantly influenced by diet (Pathya) and lifestyle choices.

2) Pathya:
Pathya, in the context of Ayurveda, refers to the dietary and lifestyle guidelines beneficial for health and disease management. For Prameha (diabetes mellitus), adhering to Pathya helps in regulating blood sugar levels and managing symptoms effectively.

3) Apathya:
Apathya refers to foods and lifestyle habits that are detrimental or aggravate diseases. In the management of Prameha, avoiding Apathya such as excessive consumption of fatty or sugary foods, and sedentary lifestyle is crucial for effective treatment.

4) Ayurveda (Ayus-veda):
Ayurveda is an ancient system of medicine from India that emphasizes balance among the body鈥檚 doshas (vata, pitta, kapha) through diet (Ahara), lifestyle (Vihara), and herbal medicines. It provides detailed dietary guidelines (Pathya) for managing conditions such as Prameha.

5) Mamsa (Mamsha):
In Ayurveda, Mamsa denotes meat. Various types of Mamsa are classified based on their source, e.g., Jangala (wild animals), Gramya (domestic animals), and Anupa (marshy animals). For Prameha, specific types of meat are recommended or avoided as part of the dietary guidelines (Pathya).

6) Kapha:
Kapha is one of the three doshas in Ayurveda, associated with elements of earth and water. Imbalances in Kapha can lead to conditions like Prameha (diabetes mellitus). Managing Kapha through diet (Pathya), exercise, and specific herbs is crucial for treatment.

7) Disease:
In Ayurveda, a disease such as Prameha (diabetes mellitus) is viewed holistically. It is seen as a result of imbalances in doshas (vata, pitta, kapha), and its management involves a combination of diet (Pathya), lifestyle modifications (Vihara), and herbal treatments.

8) Diet:
Diet is a cornerstone of Ayurvedic treatment. For managing Prameha, specific dietary guidelines (Pathya) must be followed to regulate blood sugar levels and overall health. Foods to avoid (Apathya) and those to consume are outlined in detail.

9) Animal:
Animals are categorized in Ayurveda based on their habitat, diet, and properties of their meat. For Prameha, meats from wild (Jangala), domestic (Gramya), and aquatic (Audaka) animals have specific roles in dietary recommendations (Pathya and Apathya).

10) Yava:
Yava (barley) is considered a crucial Pathya (beneficial food) in Ayurveda for managing Prameha (diabetes mellitus). It has properties like Lekhana and Medohar, which help in reducing body fat and regulating blood sugar levels.

11) Food:
In Ayurveda, food (Ahara) is seen as medicine. For Prameha, specific foods (Pathya) are recommended to manage the disease, while others (Apathya) are to be avoided. The right food helps in balancing doshas and improving overall health.

12) Ahara:
Ahara refers to food and diet in Ayurveda. Managing Prameha involves consuming specific Ahara (Pathya) that supports healthy glucose levels and avoiding Apathya that can exacerbate symptoms. Guidelines are provided for ideal food choices and preparation methods.

13) Dosha (Dosa):
Doshas (vata, pitta, kapha) are fundamental bio-elements in Ayurveda. Imbalance in doshas is the root cause of diseases like Prameha. Treatment focuses on balancing these doshas through diet (Pathya), lifestyle (Vihara), and herbal remedies.

14) Rice (Rce):
Rice (Shali) is categorized in Ayurveda based on its properties and harvest time. For Prameha, old rice is preferred and new rice (Navanna) is considered Apathya (detrimental). Proper selection of rice helps in managing the condition effectively.

15) Sevana:
Sevana means consumption or intake. For Prameha management, the concept of Pathya-Apathya Sevana outlines what should be consumed (Pathya) and what should be avoided (Apathya) to maintain health and manage blood sugar levels.

16) Vyadhin (Vyadhi):
Vyadhi refers to disease in Ayurveda. Prameha is a Vyadhi characterized by excessive urination and other metabolic disturbances. Management involves balancing doshas through specific Pathya (dietary guidelines) and Vihara (lifestyle modifications).

17) Vihara:
Vihara involves lifestyle and routine activities. For Prameha management, guidelines on Pathya Vihara (beneficial lifestyle practices) and Apathya Vihara (detrimental practices) are crucial. Activities like physical exercises and avoiding day sleep are recommended.

18) Kleda:
Kleda refers to excess fluid or moisture in the body, often linked with Kapha and Medas dosha. In Prameha, managing Kleda through diet (Pathya), herbal remedies, and physical activities helps in reducing symptoms and preventing complications.

19) Blood:
In Ayurvedic context, blood is often referred to as Rakta. Managing conditions like Prameha involves ensuring proper blood circulation, reducing blood sugar levels, and preventing complications like neuropathy through diet (Pathya) and lifestyle.

20) Milk:
Milk is a common dietary element but its consumption needs careful consideration in Prameha. Excessive milk intake is considered Apathya (detrimental) as it can aggravate Kapha and Medas, contributing to the progression of diabetes mellitus.

21) Samprapti:
Samprapti refers to the pathogenesis or progression of a disease. Understanding the Samprapti of Prameha helps in devising appropriate treatments, including dietary (Pathya) and lifestyle (Vihara) modifications to manage and mitigate the disease.

22) Samhita:
Samhitas are classical Ayurvedic texts like Charaka Samhita and Sushruta Samhita which describe diseases, their etiologies, and treatments. They provide detailed insights into managing Prameha through diet (Pathya), lifestyle changes, and herbal medicines.

23) Pitta:
Pitta is one of the three doshas in Ayurveda, associated with fire and water elements. Imbalances in Pitta can contribute to Prameha. Dietary (Pathya) and lifestyle modifications are essential to balance Pitta for effective disease management.

24) Kaphaja:
Kaphaja refers to conditions dominated by Kapha dosha. In the context of Prameha, Kaphaja types are characterized by symptoms like excessive urination with turbidity. Managing these involves specific Pathya (dietary guidelines) and lifestyle changes.

25) Ashtanga (Astanga, Ashtan-anga):
Astanga refers to classical texts or principles in Ayurveda, such as Astanga Hridyam and Astanga Samgraha. These texts discuss various diseases including Prameha and provide guidelines on Pathya-Apathya (diet and lifestyle) for effective management.

26) Dravya:
Dravya means substances or materials, often referred to herbs, foods, and other elements used in Ayurvedic treatment. Correct usage of Dravya in diet (Pathya) and medicine is essential in managing Prameha.

27) Sahaja (Saha-ja):
Sahaja means congenital or hereditary. In Ayurvedic context, Sahaja Prameha refers to diabetes that is inherited. Understanding the hereditary aspects helps in early intervention and management through appropriate Pathya (diet) and Vihara (lifestyle).

28) India:
India is the origin country of Ayurveda, where Prameha (diabetes) is extensively studied and managed using traditional methods. High prevalence of lifestyle disorders in India makes adherence to Ayurvedic practices like Pathya (dietary guidelines) crucial for public health.

29) Sugar:
In the context of Prameha, sugar regulation is vital. Ayurvedic guidelines (Pathya) emphasize avoiding high-sugar diets (Apathya) and adopting foods that stabilize sugar levels. Herbs and dietary practices are used to manage blood glucose effectively.

30) Medas (Meda, Medash):
Medas refers to body fat or adipose tissue. In Prameha, excess Medas is a contributing factor. Reducing Medas through diet (Pathya), exercise, and specific Ayurvedic treatments is crucial for effective management of diabetes.

31) Curd:
Curd or Dadhi is a dairy product that can aggravate Kapha dosha. In the management of Prameha, excessive consumption of curd is considered Apathya (detrimental) due to its potential to worsen the disease symptoms.

32) Wine:
Wine and other alcoholic beverages are classified under Apathya (detrimental) for Prameha patients. Such drinks can aggravate Kapha and Medas, leading to poor management of diabetes mellitus. Avoidance is crucial for effective treatment.

33) Meat soup:
Meat soups, particularly from certain types of animals like domestic or marshy animals, are considered Apathya for Prameha. These can contribute to aggravation of Kapha and Medas, hindering effective disease management.

34) Kaphadosha (Kaphadosa, Kapha-dosha):
Kapha Dosha, one of the three doshas, when imbalanced can lead to conditions like Prameha. Managing Kapha through dietary guidelines (Pathya), avoiding Apathya, and incorporating specific lifestyle practices are crucial for effective control of diabetes.

35) Kashaya (Kasaya):
Kashaya denotes astringent taste or decoction. In Ayurveda, Kashaya preparations are often recommended due to their Kapha-pacifying properties. In Prameha, Kashaya can be beneficial as part of the Pathya diet to manage symptoms.

36) Gramya:
Gramya refers to domestic or village-raised animals. Meat from these animals is generally considered Apathya (detrimental) for Prameha, as it can aggravate Kapha and Medas, hindering effective disease management.

37) Dhanya:
Dhanya refers to grains. Various types of Dhanya like barley (Yava) are highlighted as Pathya (beneficial) in Ayurveda for managing Prameha, while freshly harvested grains (Navanna) are considered Apathya (detrimental).

38) Sharman (Sarma, Sharma, Sarman):
Sharma is a common surname in India, also the author of the discussed paper. Mohit Sharma, as an Ayurvedic researcher, contributed to understanding the role of Pathya-Apathya in managing Prameha (type 2 diabetes mellitus).

39) Shali (Sali):
Shali denotes rice. For Prameha, Ayurveda recommends old Shali (aged rice) as Pathya, due to its easier digestion. New rice (Navanna) is considered Apathya, as it can aggravate symptoms of diabetes mellitus.

40) Dhatu:
Dhatu means body tissues. In Prameha, the balance of Dhatus is disrupted. Ayurvedic management involves balancing Dhatus through diet (Pathya), lifestyle (Vihara), and herbal remedies to restore health.

41) Horse:
Horse riding is suggested as a physical activity in Ayurveda. Engaging in such activities (Pathya Vihara) is recommended to manage Prameha by reducing Kapha and Medas accumulation.

42) Honey:
Honey (Madhu) is considered a beneficial (Pathya) food in Ayurveda for Prameha. It has properties that help in managing blood sugar levels and improving overall health when consumed appropriately.

43) Soup:
Soup made from certain beneficial foods can be Pathya in Prameha management. However, soups from certain meats (e.g., domestic or marshy animals) are considered Apathya as they may aggravate Kapha and Medas.

44) Hair:
In Ayurveda, excessive growth of hair is noted as a symptom of Prameha. Managing hair growth alongside other symptoms involves balancing doshas through diet (Pathya) and lifestyle modifications.

45) Burning sensation:
Burning sensation in extremities (e.g., hands and feet) is a symptom of Prameha. Ayurveda recommends diet (Pathya) and herbal treatments to manage and alleviate such discomfort effectively.

46) Dolichos biflorus:
Dolichos biflorus, known as horse gram, is recommended in Ayurveda as Pathya for Prameha. It has medicinal properties that help manage diabetes by reducing body fat and regulating blood sugar levels.

47) Sushruta-samhita (Susruta-samhita):
Sushruta Samhita is one of the classical Ayurvedic texts that describes diseases, including Prameha, and their treatments. It provides guidelines on Pathya-Apathya (dietary and lifestyle advice) for managing diabetes effectively.

48) Ashtangasamgraha (Astangasamgraha, Astangasangraha, Ashtanga-samgraha, Ashtanga-sangraha, Ashtangasangraha):
Astanga Samgraha is an ancient Ayurvedic text providing insights into various diseases, including Prameha. The text emphasizes Pathya-Apathya (diet and lifestyle guidelines) critical for managing type 2 diabetes mellitus.

49) Anupamamsa (Anupa-mamsa):
Anupa Mamsa refers to the meat of marshy animals and is considered Apathya (detrimental) in Prameha management due to its potential to aggravate Kapha and Medas, contributing to worsened diabetes symptoms.

50) Kaphapitta (Kapha-pitta):
Kapha-Pitta imbalance can lead to Prameha. Managing these doshas through specific Pathya (diet) and lifestyle changes is crucial in Ayurveda to treat and manage diabetes effectively.

51) Rajasthan:
Rajasthan is a state in India where Dr. S. R. Rajasthan Ayurved University is located. The authors of the study on Pathya-Apathya in Prameha management conducted their research in this institution.

52) Triphala (Tri-phala):
Triphala, a combination of three fruits (Terminalia chebula, Terminalia bellerica, Embelica officinalis), is used extensively in Ayurveda for its detoxifying and balancing properties. It is beneficial (Pathya) for managing Prameha.

53) Lakshana (Laksana):
Lakshana refers to symptoms or clinical features of a disease. In Prameha, symptoms include excessive urination, fatigue, and burning sensation. Ayurvedic management involves addressing these symptoms through Pathya (diet) and lifestyle modifications.

54) Medicine:
Ayurvedic medicine involves the use of herbal formulations, dietary guidelines (Pathya), and lifestyle advice to manage diseases like Prameha. Effective treatment integrates these aspects for holistic health improvement.

55) Samgraha (Sangraha):
Samgraha refers to a compiled text. Astanga Samgraha is a classical Ayurvedic text providing guidelines on managing diseases like Prameha through Pathya-Apathya (dietary and lifestyle modifications).

56) Sanskrit:
Sanskrit is the ancient language in which Ayurvedic texts like Charaka Samhita and Sushruta Samhita were written. Understanding Sanskrit is essential for interpreting these texts accurately, including their guidelines on Prameha management.

57) Madhura:
Madhura, meaning sweet taste, is often linked with Kapha dosha. In Prameha management, reducing Madhura-dravya (sweet substances) in the diet is essential to prevent aggravation of symptoms.

58) Lekhana:
Lekhana refers to scraping or reducing properties of substances. In the context of Prameha, Lekhana dravyas are used to reduce excess Medas (fat) and manage symptoms effectively through diet and herbal treatments.

59) Vyayama:
Vyayama refers to physical exercise, which is highly recommended in Ayurveda for managing Prameha. Regular Vyayama helps in reducing Kapha and Medas, thereby aiding in blood sugar regulation and overall health.

60) Jangala (Jamgala):
Jangala refers to wild animals. Meat from Jangala animals is considered beneficial (Pathya) in Prameha management as it is leaner and less likely to aggravate Kapha and Medas compared to other meats.

61) Pittaja (Pitta-ja):
Pittaja describes conditions dominated by Pitta dosha. In Prameha, managing Pittaja types involves cooling and balancing the Pitta through specific Pathya (dietary guidelines) and lifestyle practices.

62) Vikara:
Vikara refers to disease or disorder. Prameha is a Vikara that Ayurveda manages through Pathya (dietary guidelines) and herbal treatments aimed at balancing doshas and restoring health.

63) Mantha (Mamtha):
Mantha is a health drink made from beneficial (Pathya) ingredients like barley. It is recommended in Ayurveda for managing Prameha due to its properties that help regulate blood sugar and maintain health.

64) Yojana:
In Ayurveda, Yojana is a unit of distance. Sushruta advised walking 100 Yojanas (750 km) in 100 days as a preventive Pathya measure against Prameha, promoting physical activity and reducing Kapha.

65) Ingudi (Imgudi):
Ingudi (Balanites aegyptiaca) is an Ayurvedic herb used in oils beneficial (Pathya) for managing Prameha. Its properties help in reducing Kapha and Medas, aiding in better disease control.

66) Payasa:
Payasa, a sweet rice pudding, is considered Apathya (detrimental) in Prameha management due to its high sugar content, which can aggravate Kapha and Medas, worsening the symptoms of diabetes.

67) Powder:
Powders of beneficial herbs and grains like Yava (barley) are used in Ayurvedic dietary (Pathya) and medicinal preparations to manage Prameha effectively by reducing blood sugar levels and body fat.

68) Thirst:
Excessive thirst (Trishna) is a symptom of Prameha. Managing this requires dietary (Pathya) adjustments to balance fluid retention and Kapha, alongside other treatments to control blood sugar levels.

69) Pigeon:
Pigeon (Kapota) meat is considered beneficial (Pathya) in Prameha management as it is lean and helps in reducing Kapha and Medas when consumed as part of a balanced diet.

70) Desire:
In Ayurveda, desires and cravings (e.g., for sweet or fatty foods) are managed through Pathya (dietary adjustments) to help control diseases like Prameha by avoiding detrimental foods (Apathya).

71) Madhu:
Madhu (honey) is considered beneficial (Pathya) in Prameha. It is used in various preparations for its properties that help manage blood sugar levels and overall health.

72) Karma (Karman):
Karma refers to actions or practices. In Ayurveda, following appropriate daily routines (Pathya Vihara) and dietary practices (Pathya Ahara) is crucial for managing diseases like Prameha effectively.

[Note: The above list is limited to 75. Total glossary definitions available: 218]