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The ten aspects in Yama are Ahimsa, Satya, Asteya, 70 Brahmacarya, Daya, Arjava, Ksama, Dhriti, Mitahara and Sauca. 69 Tapa, santosa, astikya, dana, Isvarapuja, Siddhantasravana, Hri, Mati, Japa, etc. are aspects in Niyama. The nine Asanas are Svastika, Gomukha, Padma, Vira, Simha, Bhadra, Mukta, Mayura and 71 Sukha. The human body is having 96 angulas of length. In the middle of the human body there is a fire of reddish golden hue. The exact position of this is two angulas above Guda (anus) and two angulas below Medhra (penis). The place of Muladharacakra is nine angulas below Kanda (fleshy excrescense). It is having a length of four angulas. In Kanda, there lies an egg-shaped 72 flap, in the middle of which exists Nabhi (navel). 73 74 Susumna is the nerve that exists in Kanda. Other Yoganadis (yogic nerves) are situated around Susumna. Susumna runs through the middle of Prstha in the shape of Vinadanda (lute) upto head. Of the Yoganadis, the chief ones are Ida and Pingala which are found on the left and right side of Susumna respectively. The God 68. Darsahnopanishad I.5. 75 69. ibid. I.6. 70. ibid. II.1. 71. ibid. III.1. 72. Darsahnopanishad Iv.1. t 73. "kandamadhyasthita nadi susumneti prakirti" ibid. IV.5. 74. ibid. IV. 10. 75. ibid. IV. 13-14.

- 340 presiding over Susumna is Siva; presiding of over Ida is Hari and presiding over Pingala is Brahma. 76 After the purification of these nerves i. e. Nadi suddhi, one becomes fit for Pranayama. This can be practised by getting seated on some purified place, in some hermitage, mountains, banks of river, on the root of Bilva tree or forest. The devotee must sit in the Svastika 77 asana i. e. placing the two feet in the inner part between 78 Janu and Uru (thigh and shank)! Head should be kept stern, in Eyes should be fixed at the same level with neck and trunk. the tip of the nose and concentration should be on the lunar orb 79 in between eyebrows where one can feel the flowing of ambrosia. Draw in Prana, through Ida (air moving in mouth and nose) and fill it in the stomach and then contemplate on the lustre in the middle of the body, meditating on the Agni bija (ram). out the Prana through Pingala. Draw Prana is drawn in through right nostril because Ida which is connected with the left scrotum, encircles Susumna, passes by the right hip and goes to the heart and then passing by the left shoulder proceeds to the right nostril. Prana is drawn out through left nostril because Pingala which is connected with the right scrotum, encircles Susumna, passes by 76. ibid. IV.35 77. ibid. V.4 78. "Janurvorantare krtva samyak padat ale ubhe samagrivasirahkayah svastikam nityamabhyased" ibid. III.2 79. ibid. V.4-6

341 left hip and goes to the heart and then passing by the right shoulder proceeds to the left nostril. through Ida. 80 Now draw in Prana through Pingala and send it out Repeat the two processes for three or four days 81 or weeks in solitude. The person acquires a divine lustre, and is devoid nesceince and purified by knowledge. Then he has to perform the Pranayama. Draw in Prana through Ida, utter Akara in mind sixteen times slowly, fix Prana for sixty four matras of Ukara, or more, as many as one can. Then he has to set Prana free through Pingala with the utterance of thirtytwo matras of Makara (Here the uttered Bija is 'OM' having three syllables a, u and in which one gets when the letter Hamsah is - separated into Ha, Sa connoting Siva and Sakti). The same process is to be repeated after drawing in Prana through Ida from 82 Pingala and setting it free through Ida. The movement of air through Ida from Pingala is termed Uttarayana where the Moon revolves. The movement of air through Pingala is termed Daksinayana where the Sun revolves. When the process continues in cosmic man the occurrence of day, month, year, etc. is felt by us. By practising Pranayama for sixmonths, man 83 80. "ya vamedeti sa jneya daksina pingala smrta ya vama muskasambaddha sa slisyanti susumnaya daksinam jatruma sritya dhanurvakra hrdi sthita..." P.S.T.I.50 81. Darsahnopanishad V.8-10. 82. ibid. VI. 1-10. 83. Darsahnopanishad IV.40-41.

- 342 - 84 becomes talented in various branches of knowledge. This is spoken of as Sarasvataprayoga in Saundaryalahari, in the fifteenth, sixteenth and seventeenth stanzas.