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Somesvara opines that the directions regarding the auspicious day of the week given by the ancestors are to be followed. He tells the traveller that on Friday and Sunday one should not go in the direction of the West. On Wednesday and Tuesday one should not go to the North. On Monday and Saturday one should not travel to the East, and on Thursday one should not

282 5 go in the direction of the South. He says that this was I the opinion of the ancestors also. Further he mentions the Naksatras, and says: "A person who wants to travel on Sunday, should not do so, if one of the un-auspicious Naksatras, namely Dhanistha, Krttika, Magha, Anuradha, Aslesa, and Bharani, is there on that day. Similarly he gives the list of un-auspicious Naksatras pertaining to the other days of the week as detailed below:Day of the Week I. Monday II. Tuesday III. Wednesday IV. Thursday Un-auspicious Naksatras Purvasadha, Uttarasadha, and Visakha Dhanistha, Aridra, and Satatara. Krttika, Revati, Mula, Asvini and Satatara Mrgasiras, Satatara and Revati 5. sukradityadine ganta varjayet pascimam disam | budhe bhaume ca kauberim kakubham parivarjayet || some sanaiscare vare disam pracim parityajet | gurovari na gantavyam daksinam kakubham prati || varamulamidam proktamacaryaih kaiscideva hi | tasmadasmin na gantavyam varasule vicaksanaih || 2.13.796-798.

V. Friday VI. Saturday 283 Pusya, ASlesa, Magha, and Rohini purvasadha, Uttarasadha, Hasta, Citta and Uttara Phalguni. 6 In Manasollasa, Somesvara tells that each Naksatra has its own Padartha. The traveller must take in the form of food the concerned object in respect of the Naksatra that is there at the time of starting the journey. Thus he will be successful in his journey. Somesvara mentions almost all the Naksatras and their concerned Padarthas (2.13.804-810) as listed below: 6. adityasya dine varja dhanistha krttika magha | anuradha tatha'slesa bharani gamane budhaih || asadhe dvai visakha ca tyajyah somasya vasare | dhanistha ssdra satabhisnu bhaumavare vivarjitah || krttika revati mulamanuradha tatha'svini | varjya satabhisak caiva budhavare subhecchubhih || mrgam satabhisak pausnam varjayed guruvasare | pusyaslesamagha brahmim yane sukadine tyajet | asadhayugalam hastam citramuttaraphalgunim | || mandavare tyajet prajno yatrayam parthivottamah || 2.13.799-803. C. muhurtacintamanih- naksatraprakaranam, sloka 7. bahulasu dadhi prasyam brahme ca ghrtapayasam | 2-9. aindave masavatika raudre ca madhuram dadhi || 2.13.804. mule mulakamasvadyam purvasadhe ghanam dadhi | uttarayam jalam sitam sravane slaksnasaktavah || 2.13.808. `vatyam siddhamugdah syurascinyam svad bhojanam | bharanyam satilam toyam prasya yatra sukhi bhavet || 2.13.810.

284 Naksatra 1. Krttika 2. Rohini 3. Mrgasirs 4. Ardra 5. Punarvasu 6. Pusya 7. Ablesa 8. Magha 9. Purva 10. Uttara 11. Hasta 12. Citra 13. Svati 14. Visakha 15. Anuradha 16. Jyestha 17. Mula 18. Purvasadha 19. Uttarasadha 20. Sravana 21. Dhanistha 22. Satatara : : : : 23. Purvabhadrapada .. Padartha Curds Payasa mixed with ghee Vatika of black gram Sweet curds Patola (cucumber) Payasa mixed with ghee Sesame Spiced rice Payasa Vegetables Things prepared from barley flour Varieties of food Myrobalan Rice mixed with jaggery Kulattha (pulse) Things prepared from barley flour Radish Concentrated curds Cold water Fine barley Rice Saskuli Honey

24. Uttarabhadrapada 25. Revati 26. Asvini 27. Bharani 285 鈥� 鈥� Bijapura (Citras) Boiled green gram Sweet food Water mixed with sesame tion of Svara as follows: in a noun is called Svara. first Varna is the Svara. showing the position of Svarabala. Svarabala, Bhumibala, and Yoginibala In the Manasollasa, Somesvara has mentioned a chart He gives the defini- "The Varna which is the first "8 If it is a Samyuktaksara, the According to Somesvara the king must act after knowing the strength of the Svarabala and Bhumibala for the success of the work. 9 Especially Further, he at the time of war, this is quite necessary. divides Svarabala into ten types: The main five types are: (1) Matrabala, (2) Varnabala, (3) Grahabala, (4) JIvabala, and (5) Ragibala. And the sub-types are 8. namadau yo bhaved varnah sa svarah parikirtitah | Ruth guat mey: zartuni faunt af 11 2.20.1090. 1. jnatva svarabalam raja balam bhumestathaiva ca | kurvita sarvakaryani sajnamam tu visesatah || atah svarabalam vaksye dasadha pravibhajitam | matra varno graho jivo sasirevam ca pancadha || balah kumarastaruno vrddhascastagatah svarah | fentu: Baketsurfaru amfay: : ||2.20.1082-1084.

286 (1) Bala, (2) Kumara, (3) Tarupa, (4) vnddha, and (5) Astahgata. Somesvara gives the meaning of each type of Svarabala as follows: 10 (1) Matrabala or svarabala: The vowels 'A', 'I', 'U', 'E', and '0' are the five consecutive Matras or Svaras (2.20.1085). 11 (2) varnabala: 'The consonants from 'K' to 'H' are also Varnas. But here n, n, p, are not used. Hence the Varnas and Matras or Svaras are totally 35 in number. 12 (3) Grahabala: Here the Grahas are used. Grahabala 1 s stated on the basis of Ras 1. Mesarasi, Vrscikarasi, and siriharabi have the 'A' Kara as Grahasvara. 10. akarah prathamastasminikarastadanantaram | ukarascaivamekara okari matrka pura || 2.20.1085. 11. kakaradi hakarantanu varnan tranavarjitan | pancatrimsatsu kosthesu panca panca kramannyaset || 2.20.2086. 12. mesavrscika simhanamakarah syad grahasvarah | evam grahasvarah proktah kathyante jivasamjnitah || 2.20 1093.

287 13 (4) javabala : The Varnas including Svaras are to be counted according to their Vargakrama. The Rasi thus counted, is to be divided by five. The remainder indicates the Javabala. (5) Rasibala:14 Here the Rasi is important. Beginning from Revati, seven Naksatras have the 'A'kara as the Remaining Naksatras are divided into four Rasisvarabala. groups. Each of these groups has a Rasisvarabala ranging Somesvara has said that the from 'I' kara to '0' kara. king must follow the directions corresponding to the Svarabala of the first alphabet of his name, at the time The details of the directions for the various of war. Svarabalas is as shown in the following chart. 13. yatra namani yavanto varnah svarasamanvitah | tasca varnakramenaiva ganayecca svaramstatha || ganayitva krtam rasim vibhajet pancabhih punah | avisistastu yo sasirjivasvara itiritah || 2.20.1094 - 1095. 14. prokto sasisvaro'karo revatyadisu saptasu | evam paresvikaradyah svarah pancasu pancasu || 2.20.1097.

288 Az' 'u' 'B' 'o' Ka Kha Ga Gha Ca Cha Ja Jha Et. Tha Da Dha Ta Tha Da Dha Na Pa Pha Ba Bha Ma Ya Ra La Va Sa Sa Sa Ha The subsections of the Svarabalas as given by Somesvara are Bala, or Udaya, Kumara, Taruna, Vrddha and Astahgata. Here tithis are very important. Nanda-tithis (1,6,11) have the 'A'kara Svarabala, it is Udita or Bala. 'I'kara , is for the Bhadra-tithis (2,7,12). 'U'kara is for the Jayatithis ( 3, 8, 13). (4,9,14). 'E'kara is for the Rikta-tithi "O'kara is Udita in the Purna-tithi (5,10,15). First day of the Svara is Udita, or Bala. Second day is called veddha. But it will be Astangata on the fifth day. 15. rasisvarah samakhyata vaksyante uditadayah | udetyakaro nandayam bhadrayamih svarah sada || jayasakara sarvasu bhavedudayavan sada | udeti riktasvakara okarah purnake tithau || uditah prathame'ddina syada dvitiye'nhi kumarakah | trtiye tarunah khyatascaturthe sthaviro bhavet || pancame'hani pancatvam svaro yati viniscitam | akaradisu sarvesu kramo'yam parikirtitah || 2.20.1098-1101. 15

289 Somesvara further mentions the importance of these Svaras. If the Matra-Svara is Udaya or Bala, the king must do Garbhadhanakarma, accumulation of wealth, auspicious work, agriculture, opening of new houses, Rasayana Prayogas, treatment of diseases and so on (2.20.116-117). If the Matrasvara is in the Kumaravastha it is advisible for the king to go in for the marriage of himself, his children, relatives etc. Such time is also advisible for appointing new servants, to go in for wars, and collect wealth from the enemies. The servants have to obey their masters during such time. If the Matrabala is in Tarunavastha, the king must go in for the Pattabandha, Abhiseka learning the Asva and Gajasastra, and so on. If the 1 2 3 4 110 5 W 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 svara nanda bhadra jaya rikta purna a udaya kumaraka taruna sthavira astamgata i fuar astamgata udaya kumaraka taruna sthavira u . sthavira astamgata udaya kumaraka taruna e taruna sthavira astamgata udaya kumaraka o kumaraka taruna sthavira astamgata udaya

290 Matrabala is in Vrddhavastha, the king must bring about the samdhi with his enemy, and take up the Santikarmas etc. If the Matrabala is Astangata, the king must perform the Uposanavrata and so on (2.20.118-1123). After discussing in detail the Svarabalas and the works to be undertaken during the time of each subsection of each Svarabalas, Somesvara begins with the description of the importance of all the Rasis and their masters or Adhipatis. The details of the same are noted in the following table: Rasis Adhipatis or Masters of Rasis Simha Rasi Karka Rasi Mesa and Vrscika Rasi Kanya and Mithuna Rasi Dhanu and Mina Rasi Tula and Vrnabha Rasi Kumbha and Makara Rasi Surya Candra Mangala Budha Brhaspati Sukra Sani 16 16. simhasyadhipatih suryah karkatasya nisapatih | mesavrscikayorbhibhah kanyamithunayorbudhah || capamine suracaryastulayam vrsame kavih | kumbhe ca makare saurih prabhurupena kirtitah || 2.20.1105-1106.

291 Continuing the discussion Somesvara refers to the subject of horoscope. To begin with this, he has not forgotten to mention about the Grahas. Following is the table, which gives the details of the Grahas and their serial numbers of houses in the horoscope to yield auspicious results. Grahas 1. surya 2. Candra 3. Mahgala 4. Budha 5. Guru 6. Sukra 7. Sani 1 : Sl. No.of the houses in the Horoscope 6,3,10 and 11 1,2,6,10, 11 and 12 3,6 and 11 2,4,6,8,10 and 11 2,5,7,9, and 11 1,2,3,4,5,8,9 and 12 3,6 and 11. 17 17. rtukala - disa straih suryah subhakaro bhavet | janmasandhyartusuryasca digisanaih subhah sasi || haranetra- kumarasya strairbhimah subhavahah | paksabdhi-rasa - dinaga pakti strairbudhah subhah || naramra bana - munibhirgraha- strairguruh subhah | eka dvitricatuhpanca vasu ratnesa bhaskaraih || suranam ca guruh sukrah sthanairebhih subhavahah | || krsanu rasa- straisca subhakari sanaiscarah || 2. 20. 1107 - 11 10.

292 Thus it is clear from Somesvara's views, that the king must go through the horoscope and act according to the strength of the Grahas in it. In the MuhurtaCintamani also, mention is made about the Rasis. According to this work, 'If Surya is in the house of Lagna, Sani in the sixth house, and Candra in the tenth house 18 it is auspicious for the king: Further this work gives all the information about these Grahas (yatraprakarana, 11.64-77). Manasollasa deals with the twelve houses in an exhaustive manner and introduces the principles of Astrology which the reader may not have come across. One cannot say with any definiteness as to why particular events of human life are attributed to particular houses in a horoscope. For instance, the first house represents the body while the fourth refers to the mother. The rationale of this allocation is still a mystery. The ancient Rsis must have had some scientific basis or experience for the allocation of all the events of 鈥� 18. muhurtacintamanih pandita sri kapilesvarasastri | (caukamba samskrta sirija aphisa, varanasi - 1976,) pr . 294. udaye raviryadi saurirarimgah sasi dasame'pi | vasudhapatiryadi yati righuvahini vasameti ||

293 human life to the twelve houses. merits and demerits. Each house has its own B.V. Raman has given the normal 19 position of all the houses. +4 Further Somesvara tells about Bhubala or Bhumibala. A king must work according to the Bhumibala especially at the time of war. First of all Somesvara tells about Rekhas, and he gives the details of Cakra. The Rekha must start in the East. Other starting points and ending points of the Rekhas are shown in the following table. Starting points East North West South to North-East to West South-East North to South-West dangdangdangdangdangdang to to Ending points to to North-West South North-East West South-East North South-West 20 to East 19. B. V. Raman. How to Judge A Horoscope, Volume One (I.B.H.Prakasana, Bangalore 1941), p.4. 20. purvannayeta vayavyam vayavyad yamyamanayet | yamyadisanadigbhagamaisanat pascimam nayet || pascimat konama neyamagneyaduttaram nayet | uttarannairtam konam naitadaindramanayet || 2.20.1124-1125.

1) 294 By the help of this information we sketch the Cakra as below: W N-W N N-E S-N S S-E E Here, Somesvara gives the names of each direction of each angle of the Cakra or Rekhas. In the angle of the Cakra in the East, there will be full Caitramasa and half Vaisakhamasa. The details of other directions in the angles of the Cakra and the corresponding names of the months are listed in the following table. Direction in the Triangle of Cakra East North-West South North-East West South-East North South-West : : : : : : Names of Masas Full Caitra, and half Vaisakha Half Vaisakha and full Jyestha Full Asadha and half Sravana Half Sravana and full Bhadrapada Full Asvija and half Kartika Half Kartika and full Margasira Full Pusya and half Magha Half Magha and full Phalguna

295 After explaining all this, Somesvara gives the definition of the Bhumibala. *The direction is said to be Udaya, if one and half masas exist along it. Such Udaya has the strength upto four nadis and Bhubala of the Cakra has the strength upto Ardhayama. 21 The author further directs especially the king that 'he must take the Bhubala on his backside or on his right-side, so that he will succeed in all types of works undertaken by him during that period. Somesvara has included all these points in the directions given by him to the kings to be followed especially at the time of war. 22 Further with the help of the Cakraraja, the Manasollasa has stated the following for the king to follow at the time of war and all auspicious works. Already, the Cakra is mentioned above. This Cakra is beginning from the rightside to put the eight vargas from A to S in it 23 in the clock-wise direction. Further Somesvara tells 21. yasyam disi sthito masah sarddhastatrodayo bhavet | tavatkalam bhuvah so'pi yavannadicatustayam || yamarddha tu balam bhumeh kramad diksu vyavasthitam | rekhavinyasamargena kramad bhramyati medini || 2.20.1131-1132. || 22. bhubalam prsthatah karyah daksine va jigisuna | evamanyani karyani siddhim yanti viniscayam || 2.20 1134. 23. asyaiva cakrarajasya konanasritya vinyaset | astau varnanakaradin pradaksinyena purvatah || 2.20 1135.

296 that each varga gets its own animal. In the angle of 'A' varga, the animal is an 'Eagle'. In the angle of 'K' varga, the animal is 'Cat'. In the angle of 'Ca' varga the animal is 'Lion'. In the angle of 'T' varga the animal is 'Dog'. In the angle of 'T" varga the animal is 'Snake'. In the angle of 'p' varga the animal is 'Rat'. In the angle of the 'Y' varga, the animal is 'Deer'. In the angle of 's' varga the animal is 'Sheep'. In this way, Somesvara gives the names of the angles and their animals. 24 Manasollasa further says, "Beginning from the east-direction upto South-West direction there are the Bhaksaka animals. And beginning from the direction of West upto North-East, the animals are Bhaksya". Hence, Somesvara rightly tells the king "The fifth number from the Bhaksakasthana, is the best for the king". Further he, mentions that the king must work according to the Namabala as directed by the Cakra. 25 24. avarge garudah proktah kavarge vrsadamsakah | cavarge mrgarajah syat tavarge saramasutah || tavarge pannagah proktah pavarge mubakastatha | yavarge tu mrgah proktah savarge mesa isyate || 2.20.1136 - 1137. 25. purvannaitaparyantam bhaksakah samavasthitah | pascimada raudradigbhagam yavad bhaksya vyavasthitah || bhaksakat pancame sthane sthito bhajati bhaksatam | tasmad vicarya yatnena satratum pancamatam nayet || evam namabalam cakre vicarya prthivipatih | dhutam samaddvayam yuddhamarabheta jayotsukah || 2.20.1138 - 11 40.

297 The summary of information given by Somesvara is as follows: Sthanas Vargas Animals East 'A' Eagle S-East 'K' Cat South 'Ca' S-West 'Ta' Lion Dog West 1 ta Snake N-West 'Pa' Rat North 'Ya' Deer N-East 'Sa' Sheep Somesvara tells here at this stage the deity of each direction he calls it as the Yoginibala. Apart from the above mentioned balas, the Yoginibala is also helpful to the king for undertaking the works of all types. The Yoginibala of the deity Brahmani exists on Pratipada and Navami in the Eastern direction. Similarly, the Mahesi Yoginibala exists on Dvitiya and Dasami in the North direction. The Yoginibala of the deity Kauberi exists on Ekadasi and Trtlya in the South-East direction. Vaisnavi's Yoginibala exists on Dvadasi and Caturthi in the South-West direction. The Yoginibala of the deity Varahi exists on Pancami and Trayodasi in the Southern

298 direction. The Yoginibala of Indrani exists on Caturdasi and Sasthi in the Western direction. The Yoginibala of the deity Candrika exists on Saptami and Paurnima in the North-West direction. And lastly the Yoginibala of Mahalaksmi exists on Amavasya and Astami in the NorthEast direction. The following table gives the details of Yoginibala (2.20.1141-1144). = Yoginis 1. Brahmani 2. Mahesi 3. KauberI 4. Vaisnavi 5. VarahI 6. Indrani 7. Candrika 8. Mahalaksmi Tithis Pratipada and NavamI Dvitiya and Dasami Ekadasi and Trtlya Dvadasi and Caturthi Pancami and TrayodasI Caturdasi and Sasthi Saptam and Purnima Amavasya and Astami Directions Eastern Northern South-East South-West Southern Western North-West North-East In this way, Somesvara gives information about Yoginibala. The king must take the Yoginibala on his backside or on his right side so that he succeeds in his 1

299 26 works. Further Somesvara explains the Kutacakra according to the Naksatras also (2.20.1048-1058). 27 He tells the common man about the works to be undertaken on the various days, Naksatras, tithis, etc. He mentions the Naksatras which are good for wearing a new dress, the Naksatras which are good for accumulation of wealth and so on. He tells us also about the Vara or week days and the effects of wearing various coloured clothes on the various days of the week. "Wednesday, Thursday, and 428 Friday are the good days for wearing a new dress. According to Muhurtacintamani, Rasi is more important than the week days. It is mentioned in this, that a person of Makara Rasi should not start a good work on Tuesday. One who belongs to Vrsabha, Simha, and Kanya Ragi, should not start a new work on Saturday. A person 26. daksine prsthatah karya yoginyo vijagisana | yogininam balam caiva kathitam somabhubhuja || 2. 20.1145. Cf. In Viveka Cintamani only seven Yoginis are there, namely, BrahmI, Mahesvari, Kaumari, Vaisnavi, varahi, Indrani and Camundi. (Viveka-Cintamani, 6-Prakarana, Matrakayogini sakti). 27. asvini vastrada prokta rohini dhanavardhini | punarvasvorvasupraptih pusye saukhyam pravardhata || uttarayam bhavellabho haste siddhistu karmanam | citrayam sukhasampraptih svatyam saubhagyasampadah || 3.6.1054-1055. 28. budhe dhanagamam vindyatprajnavrdvibhavedguri | ayuh pravardhate sukre nutanambaradharane || 3.6.1058.

300 of Mithunarasi should not start a new work on Monday. A person belonging to Mesarasi should not start a fresh work on Sunday. A man of Karkarasi should not start a fresh work on Wednesday. Dhanu, vrscika, and Meenarasi persons should not begin a new function on Friday, and those who have Kumbharasi and Tularasi, should not start a new work on Thursday. In spite of all this, Somesvara says 'at the time of festivals, marriages, meetings of the neighbour kings, songs, dances, gifts, sacrifices, fightings, and battles etc. the wearing of 29 new dress is not prohibited to the people of all Rasis. 30 2 In this way, somesvara discusses Naksatras, Rasas, Svarabalas, types, positions and effect of Bhumtbala, varieties of Cakras, Yoginibalas and so on. " 29. muhurtacintamani . yatraprakaranam - 31. nakre bhaumo goharistrisu mandaracandro dvande'rko'jabhajnascakarke | sukrah :- kodandaliminesu kumbhejake jivo ghatavara na sastah || 30. nrpotsave vivahe ca parabhupalasangame | utsavesu ca sarvesu gitanrtyavinodane || danakarmani yajne ca tatha yuddhamahotsave | janairnavambaram dharya na dusyati kadacana || 3.6.1059 -1060.