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Gita-govinda of Jayadeva (comparative study)

by Manisha Misra | 2012 | 56,963 words

This essay contains an English study of the Gita-Govinda by Jayadeva and the “Kishore Chandrananda Champu� by Kabisurya Baladev. (1) The Gitagovinda is a Sanskrit Kavya poem of 12th century composed by Jayadeva, who was a devotee of Lord Krishna/Jagannatha and a patron of Odisha culture. The Gitagovinda had widespread influence on Indian art and li...

Glossary

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GLOSSARY anubhava (Anubhava) : External signs, effects of emotion. (loke yat avalambana (Avalambana) avarita (Avarita) abhimana (Abhimana) akamksa (akariksa) akhyana (Akhyana) kriyarupamanubhavastat kavyanatyayoh ) : Hanging on, clinging to, leaving against, depending upon. : Unimpede, at pleasure Intention to injure / self-esteem / a soft anger specially in love. : Desire, wish, aspiration Feeling, the communication of a previous event, a tale, legend. : Approaching, arrival, practicing performing, conduct. : Support, prop, stay, substratus. acarana (Acarana) adhara (adara) asa (Asa) : Hope uttama (Uttama) uddipana (Uddipana) ojah (Ojah) kantah (Kantha) : Uppermost, highest, chief, principal, best. : Exciting (elements) Strength, vigor, energy, or emphatic manner of impression. or style. : Throat, tone. 233

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I kadamba (Kadamba ) kalpa (Kalpa) kanti (Kanti) kama (Kama) kavya (Kavya) Also known as Nipa, Nauelea cadamba a tree with orange-white coloured fragrant blossoms. : A fabulous period of time, a day of Brahma or one thousand yugas, a period of four thousand, three hundred and twenty millions of years of Mortals, measuring the duration of the world, a month of Brahma is supposed to contain thirty such kalpas according to Mahabharata twelve months of Brahma constitute his year and one hundred such years his lifetime, fifty years of Brahma's are supposed to have elapsed and we are now in the svetavarahakalpa of the fifty-first, at the end of a Kalpa the world is annihilated. : Splendour, loveliness. Wish, desire, sensuality, name of the god of love, pleasure : endowed with the qualities of a sage or poet, inspired, poetical, a poem. klista (Klista) kirtti (Kirti) kunja (Kunja) kedara (Kedara) krsna (Krsna) Molested, tormented obscurity. i : Good report, fame . : Arbour, bower. A field, meadow, especially one under water. : Black, dark, dark blue, (fem. Gender) Draupadi 234

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kheda (Kheda) gotipua (Gotipua) gopi (Gopi) ghatah ( Ghata) : Depression, lassitude, haustion, distress. : It literarily, means a single male child but here in the context of art in Odisha it means a particular form of dance mostly resembling with the modern odisi dance. In this form young boys beginning from the age around 5 upto 15 join the Gurukula or the preceptor's house and get themselves trains in various acrobatic in order to make them fit for traditional dances ordinarily shown in the temple of coastal Odisha. They usually dance on the Radhakrsna episode of the Gitagovindam of the Bhagavata purana, : A cowherd woman. ghrtah (Ghnta) candanayatra (candanayatra) cakra ( Cakra) : Pitcher, jug, watering pot, large earthern water jar. : Ghee, clarified butter, cream. : A festival of deities performed from 3rd lunar day of the 2nd fortnight of Vaisakha. : Discuss, sharp circular missile weapon, the discuss of Lord Visnu is a famous one named as Sudarsana. cara (cara) : A spy / a messenger. caru (caru) cintamani (cintamani) : Agreeable, approved, esteemed, pleasing, pretty. : A fabulous gem supposed to yield to its possessor all desires. 235

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chabi (chabi) chanda ( chanda) jhulanayatra (Jhulanayatra) dindima (Dindima ) tamala (Tamala) : Picture, figure, art, drawing. : A canto or a meters used mostly in Odia traditional Kavyas. : Yatra means a journey. But in a cultural sense it refers to some festivites where the idols of certain deities proceed from one place to the other with great pump and ceremony. It is the festival held on the full-moon day of sravana (August) in which deities like Radha and Krsna are seated on swings and festivities of dance and song follows. A kind of drum, great noise, murmuring. : A tree, dark-barked, xanthochymus pictorius, a sort of tribhuvana (Tribhuvana) black khadira tree. The three worlds (svaraga, martya, patala) darsana (Darsana ) : Seeing, looking at nothing, observation, preparation, dolayatra (Dolayatra) druta (Drta) drutavilambita (Dytavilambita) dvitiya (Dvitiya) inspection philosophy. : This is also a swing festival in honours of Radha and Krsna and is celebrated on the full-moon day of falguna (march). Quick, speedy, a form of metre, swift. : Quick and slow motion alternately. : The second day of a lunar month. 236

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dharma (Dharma) : That which is established or firm, statute. dhurta (Dhurta) dhvani (Dhvani) nirveda (Nirveda ) nitih (Nitih) nitiyuktah (Nitiyukta) : Cunning, rouge : An allusion, a sound, an echo. : An infidel person. : A principle, conduct, wise moral. : Intrusted with policy. nitivan (Nitivan) : An honest person. nrsamsa (Nrusamsa) : A cruel person. purvaragah (Purvaraga) prapanca (Prapanca) prabandha (Prabandha) : Earliest or incipient affection, love between two persons which springs from some previous cause. ::(the world / society) : A variety of musical songs as used by Gitagovinda and similar other Kavyas. : Intoxication, madness, negligence, insanity, mistake pramada (Pramada ) prahara ( Prahara ) : A division of time (A period of 3 hours) bhatah (Bhata) : A person engaged for the admiration of the king. : A timid, cowardly person. bhiruh ( Bhiru) manadhana (Manadhana) Rich in honour to consider dignity as wealth.. 237

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matra (Matra ) The length of time required to pronounce a short vowel, musical unit of time (3 in number). A long vowel contains 2 matras and a prolated vowel has 3. Unit of measure is a part of tala. In ancient measurement the units were anudrta, drta, laghu, guru and pluta. The anudrta is renamed as virama. : coming, together, meeting, contact, union Mangalacaranam): Benediction, prayer for the success of anything, pronouncing a blessing, wishing joy. milana (Milana) yamaduta (Yamaduta) : Messenger or minister employed to bring departed spirits rasah ( Rasa ) rasatala (Rasatala) ragatmika ( Ragatmika) laghu (Laghu) vipralambha ( Vipralambha) to Yama, the god who presides over the pitris and rules the spirits of the dead. : Juice of fruit, any liquid, essence, nectar, flavor, best or finest part of anything. : Name of one of the seven hells or regions under the earth, the lower world or hell in general : Where bhakti or devotion of man to god is generated out of creving desire or attachment (may be a gorss form of love) can be told as ragatmika or raganuga when it is directed to god. : Light : Deception, deceit, separation of lovers, disagreement. 238

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: vibhava (Vibhava) viraha ( Viraha ) : Any condition which excites or develops a partic, state of mind or body, any cause of emotion. : Abandonment, desertion, parting, separation : Slowness, tardines, delay vilamba (Vilamba) viccheda (Viccheda) : cessation, claving, separation samka (Samka) : Apprehension, care alarm, fear, distruct, suspicion. sastriya ( Sastriya) : Taught in, agreeable to the Sastra, legal, conformable to sacred precepts. ¶ (Sitalasastiyatra): A summer festival celebrated a marriage day of Siva virama (Virama) and Parvati. : Cessation, termination, pause samkirttana (Samkirtana) : The act of mentioning fully, praise, celebration. samgitaka (Samgitaka) : Concert, sympahony (Sattvikabhava): Consisting a class of 8 Bhavas or internal feelings holding sukumara (Sukumara) subhasita (Subhasita) a middle place between the sthayi and vyabhicari-bhavas viz. stambha, sveda, romanca, svara-vikara, vepathu, varnavikara, asru, pralaya. : Delicate, tenderness. : Eloquently, spoken well, witty saying. haranam (Haranam) hasyarasa (Hasyarasa) : Taking away, robbing, abduction, fetching. : Amusement. 239

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