Malatimadhava (study)
by Jintu Moni Dutta | 2017 | 52,468 words | ISBN-10: 8120813057 | ISBN-13: 9788120813052
This page relates 鈥楳etres Employed in the Malatimadhava鈥� from the English study on the Malatimadhava of Bhavabhuti:鈥擜 Prakarana type of Drama in ten acts revolving around the love-story of Malati (from Padm膩vat墨) and Madhava (from Vidarbha). This study discusses the history of its author and the literary, social, religious, historical and cultural aspects of the Malatimadhava.
Go directly to: Footnotes.
Part 6.2 - Metres Employed in the 惭腻濒补迟墨尘腻诲丑补惫补
叠丑补惫补产丑奴迟颈 is very skilful in the handling of metres. This mastery is the radiant feature in the style of 叠丑补惫补产丑奴迟颈. He has employed 25 metres in this 笔谤补办补谤补峁嘺.
Here he has aptly [employed the following metres]:
- 础苍耻峁ａ弓耻辫,
- 滨苍诲谤补惫补箩谤腻,
- 鲍辫别苍诲谤补惫补箩谤腻,
- 鲍辫补箩腻迟颈,
- 搁补迟丑辞诲诲丑补迟腻,
- 艢腻濒颈苍墨,
- 痴颈测辞驳颈峁噄,
- Aparavaktra,
- 础耻辫补肠补峁僤补蝉颈办补,
- Drautavilamvita,
- 痴补峁兣沘蝉迟丑补惫颈濒补,
- 笔耻峁颈迟腻驳谤腻,
- 笔谤补丑补谤峁峁噄,
- 惭补帽箩耻产丑腻峁峁嚹�,
- Vasantatilaka,
- 惭腻濒颈苍墨,
- 笔峁泃丑惫墨,
- 惭补苍诲腻办谤腻苍迟腻,
- 狈补谤诲补峁璦办补,
- 艢颈办丑补谤颈峁嚹�,
- 贬补谤颈峁嚹�,
- 艢腻谤诲奴濒补惫颈办谤墨岣峣迟补,
- 厂谤补驳诲丑补谤腻,
- 顿补峁囜笉补办补 and
- 膧谤测腻.
He has taken care of the propriety in the use of metres in this play.
The aforesaid metres have been discussed briefly in the following way鈥斺��
(a) 础苍耻峁ａ弓耻辫:
The 础苍耻峁ａ弓耻辫 metre belongs to 惫颈峁尘补惫峁泃迟补 where all the 辫腻诲补蝉 are constituted with different number of syllabic instances. According to 骋补峁単腻诲腻蝉补, in 础苍耻峁ａ弓耻辫 metre the fifth syllable ought to be short and the sixth long in all quarters. The seventh should be short in the second and the fourth quarters only. Other syllables are governed by no rule. [1] In the 惭腻濒补迟墨尘腻诲丑补惫补 fifteen examples of 础苍耻峁ａ弓耻辫 metre are found. 256
As for example in [the following verse鈥鈥�
迟补迟丑腻 vinayanamr膩pi 尘补测腻 m膩latyup膩yata岣� /
n墨t膩 katipay膩hobhi岣� sakh墨visrambhasevyat膩m // [2] etc.
[...] the fifth syllable in all the quarters are short and the sixth syllable in all the quarters are long while the seventh syllable in the second and the fourth quarters are short. Hence, the verse is an example of 础苍耻峁ａ弓耻辫 metre.
(b) 滨苍诲谤补惫补箩谤腻:
The 滨苍诲谤补惫补箩谤腻 is preferred to be used in describing the beauty of a noble heroine or of spring like that of 鲍辫补箩腻迟颈 metre. In the 惭腻濒补迟墨尘腻诲丑补惫补, 叠丑补惫补产丑奴迟颈 has composed several verses by using this metre. This metre has eleven syllables in each 辫腻诲补 or 肠补谤补峁嘺 and it falls under the group of 迟谤颈峁ａ弓耻辫 metre.
骋补峁単腻诲腻蝉补 defines 滨苍诲谤补惫补箩谤腻 metre as鈥�
鈥泪苍 滨苍诲谤补惫补箩谤腻 metre there should be two 迟补驳补峁嘺蝉 followed by a 箩补驳补峁嘺 and a pair of long syllables with a pause only at the end.鈥�[3]
There are found altogether nine numbers of verses composing in 滨苍诲谤补惫补箩谤腻 metre in this 笔谤补办补谤补峁嘺.[4]
As for instance in the verse鈥�
bh奴mn膩 ras膩n膩峁� 驳补丑补苍腻岣� prayog膩岣� soh膩rdah峁沝y膩ni vice峁ａ弓it膩ni /
补耻辞诲诲丑测补迟补尘腻测辞箩颈迟补办腻尘补蝉奴迟谤补峁� 肠颈迟谤腻岣� 办补迟丑腻 v膩ci vidagdhat膩 ca // [5] etc.
Two 迟补驳补峁嘺蝉 followed by a 箩补驳补峁嘺 and a pair of long syllable at the end of each 肠补谤补峁嘺 are found. Hence, this verse is the suitable example of 滨苍诲谤补惫补箩谤腻 metre.
(c) 鲍辫别苍诲谤补惫补箩谤腻:
The 鲍辫别苍诲谤补惫补箩谤腻 metre belongs to 迟谤颈峁ａ弓耻辫 class of metre. Where the 驳补峁嘺蝉 in a quarter are 箩补驳补峁嘺, 迟补驳补峁嘺, 箩补驳补峁嘺 and a pair of long syllable then the metre is called 鲍辫别苍诲谤补惫补箩谤腻 metre.[6] This metre consists of eight syllables. Again, when the initial letter of each quarter of the 滨苍诲谤补惫补箩谤腻 becomes short, it makes 鲍辫别苍诲谤补惫补箩谤腻. In the 惭腻濒补迟墨尘腻诲丑补惫补, Bhavabhuti has composed only one verse in 鲍辫别苍诲谤补惫补箩谤腻 metre.
The [following verse鈥鈥�
apatyasambandhavidhipratij帽膩 priyasya n墨t膩 蝉耻丑峁沝补岣� 蝉尘峁泃颈峁� ca /
alokas膩m膩nyagu峁嘺stan奴ja岣� praron膩rtha峁� praka峁玨峁泃a艣ca // [7] etc.
[...] bears 驳补峁嘺蝉 like 箩补驳补峁嘺, 迟补驳补峁嘺, 箩补驳补峁嘺 and a pair of long syllable in a quarter.
Hence this is an example of 鲍辫别苍诲谤补惫补箩谤腻 metre.
(d) 鲍辫补箩腻迟颈:
The 鲍辫补箩腻迟颈 metre belongs to the 迟谤颈峁ａ弓耻辫 class of metre. when quarters in the metres 滨苍诲谤补惫补箩谤腻 as well as 鲍辫别苍诲谤补惫补箩谤腻 are combined in manifold ways in a single stanza, the metre is styled as 鲍辫补箩腻迟颈 metre.[8] In the 惭腻濒补迟墨尘腻诲丑补惫补, 叠丑补惫补产丑奴迟颈 has composed two verses in 鲍辫补箩腻迟颈 metre.264
As for example [the following verse鈥鈥�
nik膩ma峁� k峁Ｄ乵膩峁単墨 sarasakadal墨garbhasubhag膩 /
办补濒腻艣别峁Ｄ� 尘奴谤迟颈岣� 艣a艣ina iva netrosavakar墨 //
avasth膩m膩pann膩 madanadahanodd膩havidhu膩 /
mly峁� na岣� 办补濒测腻苍墨 ramayati mannnna岣� kampayati ca // etc.[9]
[...] is the combination of both metres 滨苍诲谤补惫补箩谤腻 and 鲍辫别苍诲谤补惫补箩谤腻 and hence this verse is an example of 鲍辫补箩腻迟颈 metre.
(e) 搁补迟丑辞诲诲丑补迟腻:
This metre belongs to the 迟谤颈峁ａ弓耻辫 class of metre as it consists of eleven syllables in a foot. When the 驳补峁嘺蝉 in a quarter 谤补驳补峁嘺, 苍补驳补峁嘺, 谤补驳补峁嘺, a short nd a a long syllable exist then the metre is termed as 搁补迟丑辞诲诲丑补迟腻 metre.[10] The metrical pause of this metre exists at the end of each quarter.
叠丑补惫补产丑奴迟颈 has composed about three verses in 搁补迟丑辞诲诲丑补迟腻 metre.[11]
As for instance [the following verse鈥鈥�
箩墨惫补 箩墨惫颈迟补蝉补尘腻测补 箩墨惫颈迟补峁� dehi 箩墨惫补tu suh峁沝jana艣ca te/
a峁単akaistuhinasa峁単a艣墨talai岣� putri m膩峁� 辫谤颈测补蝉补办丑墨峁� ca 箩墨惫补ya //[12] etc.
[...] contains are 谤补驳补峁嘺, 苍补驳补峁嘺, 谤补驳补峁嘺, a short syllable and a long in a quarter. Hence the verse is a suitable example of 搁补迟丑辞诲诲丑补迟腻 metre.
(f) 艢腻濒颈苍墨:
This metre belongs to 迟谤颈峁ａ弓耻辫 class. Where one 尘补驳补峁嘺 followed by a pair of 迟补驳补峁嘺 in succession, and two long syllables at the end then the metre is termed as 艢腻濒颈苍墨 metre. There is a pause after the fourth the seventh syllable in each foot.[13] Whereas 碍补惫颈办补谤峁嘺辫耻谤补 defines this metre as 艢腻濒颈苍墨 is a metre where the 驳补峁嘺蝉 in each quarter are 尘补驳补峁嘺, 产丑补驳补峁嘺, 谤补驳补峁嘺 and 产丑补驳补峁嘺. Further the pause or yati exists at the fourth and seventh letter. In the 惭腻濒补迟墨尘腻诲丑补惫补, 叠丑补惫补产丑奴迟颈 has composed two verses in 艢腻濒颈苍墨 metre.
The employment of this metre is found in following verses of the 惭腻濒补迟墨尘腻诲丑补惫补鈥�
preyo 尘颈迟谤补峁� bandhut膩 v膩 samagr膩/
sarve 办腻尘腻岣� 艣evadhir箩墨惫颈迟补峁�//
str墨峁嚹佱箖 bhart膩 dharmad膩r膩艣ca pu峁僺膩/
mityanyonya峁� vatsayaurj帽膩tamastu //[14]
产丑腻谤补岣� k膩yo 箩墨惫颈迟补峁� vajrak墨lam /
办腻峁ａ弓丑补岣� 艣奴苍测腻 ni峁hal膩n墨ndriy膩峁噄 //
办补峁ａ弓补岣� k膩lo m膩峁� prati tvatpray膩峁噀 /
艣膩nt膩loka岣� sarvato 箩墨惫补loka岣� // [15]
(g) Aparavaktra:
The Aparavaktra metre falls under the 补谤诲丑补蝉补尘补惫峁泃迟补 class of metre.When there are a pair of 苍补驳补峁嘺, 谤补驳补峁嘺, a short and a long syllable in its odd quarters and 苍补驳补峁嘺, a pair of 箩补驳补峁嘺 and 谤补驳补峁嘺 in its even quarters then the metre is called the Aparavaktra metre.[16]
In [the following verse鈥鈥�
akaru峁嘺 vitara smitojjval膩m /
d峁浥沘matid膩ru峁嘺 dehi me giram //
sahacaramanuraktacetasam /
priyamakaranda 办补迟丑补峁� na manyase // etc.[17]
[...] a pair of 苍补驳补峁嘺, 谤补驳补峁嘺, a short and a long syllable are found in the first and the third quarters, while in the second and the fourth quarters 苍补驳补峁嘺, a pair of 箩补驳补峁嘺 and 谤补驳补峁嘺 are found. Hence the verse is an example of Aparavaktra metre.
(h) Aupaccandasika:
Aupaccandasika is a variety of 箩腻迟颈 class. In this kind of metre each 辫腻诲补 is regulated by a number of syllabic instance or measures i.e. matr膩s. That is 补谤诲丑补蝉补尘补惫峁泃迟补 metre which has got a pair of 蝉补驳补峁嘺, 箩补驳补峁嘺 and a pair of long syllable in its odd quarters, 蝉补驳补峁嘺, 产丑补驳补峁嘺, 谤补驳补峁嘺, 测补驳补峁嘺 in its even quarters.This metre is a combination of eleven and twelve syllables in alternate feet. In the 惭腻濒补迟墨尘腻诲丑补惫补, 叠丑补惫补产丑奴迟颈 has composed one metre in this metre.
[The following verse鈥鈥�
yadi tadvi峁yonur膩gavandha岣� /
蝉辫丑耻峁璦尘别迟补诲惫颈 辫丑补濒补峁� gu峁嘺j帽at膩y膩岣� //
iti nanditamapyavyavasthay膩sy膩 /
丑峁沝补测补峁� d膩ru峁嘺y膩 vid墨ryate me // [18] etc.
[...] is the example of Aupaccandasika metre. Here a pair of 蝉补驳补峁嘺, 箩补驳补峁嘺 and a pair of long syllable are found in its odd quarters. While 蝉补驳补峁嘺, 产丑补驳补峁嘺, 谤补驳补峁嘺, 测补驳补峁嘺 are found in its even quarters. Therefore, this verse is an example of Aupaccandasika metre.
(i) Drutavilambita:
Drutavilambita is a 箩补驳补迟墨 class of metre. It has twelve syllables in a foot. This metre contains the 驳补峁嘺蝉 of 苍补驳补峁嘺, two bha驳补峁嘺蝉 and a 谤补驳补峁嘺 with a metrical pause at the end of its foot.[19] In this metre the fourth, seventh, tenth, eleventh and twelve syllable are long and rest are short and its metrical pause exists at the end of each quarter of a stanza. In the 惭腻濒补迟墨尘腻诲丑补惫补, 叠丑补惫补产丑奴迟颈 has composed four verses in this metre.[20]
For example [the following verse鈥鈥�
suh峁沝iva praka峁璦yya sukhapradada岣�/
辫谤补迟丑补尘补尘别办补谤补蝉腻尘补苍耻办奴濒补迟腻尘//
辫耻苍补谤补办腻峁囜笉补惫颈惫补谤迟补苍补诲腻谤奴峁嘺岣�/
pravi艣ina峁ａ弓i vidhirmanasau r奴jam //[21] etc.
[...] contains 苍补驳补峁嘺, two bha驳补峁嘺蝉 and a 谤补驳补峁嘺 with a metrical pause at the end of its foot. Hence the verse is an example of Drutavilamvita metre.
(j) 痴补峁兣沘蝉迟丑补惫颈濒补:
This metre belongs to the 箩补驳补迟墨 class of metre.When the 驳补峁嘺蝉 in each quarter of a stanza are 箩补驳补峁嘺, 迟补驳补峁嘺, 箩补驳补峁嘺 and 谤补驳补峁嘺 then the metre is called 痴补峁兣沘蝉迟丑补惫颈濒补 metre.[22] This metre has twelve syllables in each quarter. In the 惭腻濒补迟墨尘腻诲丑补惫补, 叠丑补惫补产丑奴迟颈 has composed two number of verses in this metre.
[The following verse鈥鈥�
惫补测补峁� 迟补迟丑腻 苍腻尘补 yath膩tha ki峁� vad膩 /
mya峁� tvakasm膩dvikala岣� 办补迟丑腻ntare /
kadamvagol膩k峁泃im膩艣rita岣� katham/
vi艣uddhamugdhah kulakanyak膩jana岣� // [23] etc.
[...] bears suitable example of 痴补峁兣沘蝉迟丑补惫颈濒补 metre. Here the 驳补峁嘺蝉 like 箩补驳补峁嘺, 迟补驳补峁嘺 箩补驳补峁嘺 and 谤补驳补峁嘺 are found.
Similarly [the following verse鈥鈥�
补办腻谤补峁嘺蝉尘补谤补尘补苍辞丑补谤腻苍补苍补岣�...........[24] ..etc.
[...] holds the another example of 痴补峁兣沘蝉迟丑补惫颈濒补 metre.
(k) 笔耻峁颈迟腻驳谤腻:
笔耻峁颈迟腻驳谤腻 belongs to 补谤诲丑补蝉补尘补惫峁泃迟补 class of metre. This metre contains a pair of 苍补驳补峁嘺, 谤补驳补峁嘺, 测补驳补峁嘺 in its odd quarters and 苍补驳补峁嘺, a pair of 箩补驳补峁嘺 and 谤补驳补峁嘺 followed by a long syllable in its even quarters.[25] In the 惭腻濒补迟墨尘腻诲丑补惫补, 叠丑补惫补产丑奴迟颈 has enumerated six verses in this metre.[26]
For example in [the following verse鈥鈥�
jvalayati manobhav膩gni峁� madayati 丑峁沝补测补峁� k峁泃膩rthayati 肠补办峁岣� /
parim峁沝itacampak膩valivil膩salalit膩lasa hai岣�// [27] etc.
[...] a pair of 苍补驳补峁嘺, 谤补驳补峁嘺 and 测补驳补峁嘺 are displayed in its odd quarters whereas in its even quarters 苍补驳补峁嘺, a pair of 箩补驳补峁嘺, 谤补驳补峁嘺 and a long syllable are found.
(l) 笔谤补丑补谤峁峁嚹�:
This metre belongs to the ati箩补驳补迟墨 class of metre. This 笔谤补丑补谤峁峁嚹� metre consists of a 尘补驳补峁嘺, 苍补驳补峁嘺, 箩补驳补峁嘺, 谤补驳补峁嘺 and ultimate long syllable.[28] It has a pause at the end of the third and tenth syllable in a foot. This metre contains thirteen syllables in a quarter of the stanza. Moreover, the definition of this metre is found in the 痴峁泃迟补尘腻濒腻 as when the 驳补峁嘺蝉 in every quarter are 尘补驳补峁嘺, 苍补驳补峁嘺, 箩补驳补峁嘺,谤补驳补峁嘺 and 产丑补驳补峁嘺 and the pause or yati exists after the third and the tenth syllable, the metre is called 笔谤补丑补谤峁峁嚹�.[29] 叠丑补惫补产丑奴迟颈 has composed seven verses in this metre.[30]
For example [the following verse鈥鈥�
unm墨lanamukulakar膩lakundako艣a /
pra艣cayotaddhanamakarandagandhavandho //
t膩m墨峁tpracalavilocan膩峁� nat膩峁単墨 /
m膩li峁単anpavan mama sp峁浥浤佱箙gama峁単am // [31] etc.
[...] contains respective 驳补峁嘺蝉 viz., 尘补驳补峁嘺, 苍补驳补峁嘺, 箩补驳补峁嘺, 谤补驳补峁嘺 and a long syllable at the end. So the verse is a suitable example of 笔谤补丑补谤峁峁嚹� metre.
(m) 惭补帽箩耻产丑腻峁峁嚹�:
惭补帽箩耻产丑腻峁峁嚹� belongs to ati箩补驳补迟墨 class of metre. It is a favourite metre of poets as well as of playwrights. When there are 驳补峁嘺蝉 like 蝉补驳补峁嘺, 箩补驳补峁嘺, 蝉补驳补峁嘺, 箩补驳补峁嘺 and a long syllable at the end then the metre is styled as 惭补帽箩耻产丑补峁峁嚹� metre[32] . Hence this metre has thirteen syllables in each quarter and also the third, fifth, ninth, tenth, eleventh and thirteenth syllable of this metre are long with a pause which falls at the end of the foot. In the 惭腻濒补迟墨尘腻诲丑补惫补, 叠丑补惫补产丑奴迟颈 has composed seven verses in this metre. [33]
As for example in [the following verse鈥鈥�
辫补谤颈辫腻峁囜笉耻辫腻峁僺耻濒补办补辫辞濒补尘腻苍补苍补尘/
dadhati monoharataratvam膩gat膩 //
rama峁嚹珁ajanmani jane paribhrama/
lalito vidhirvijayate hi 尘腻苍尘补迟丑补岣� // [34] etc.
[...] 蝉补驳补峁嘺, 箩补驳补峁嘺, 蝉补驳补峁嘺, 箩补驳补峁嘺 and a long syllable are found in each quarter of the verse. Hence the verse is an example of 惭补帽箩耻产丑腻峁峁嚹�.
(n) Vasantatilaka:
Vasantatilaka is a well-known metre and it is most frequently used by the authors in their works. It belongs to 艣补谤办补谤墨 class of metre. This metre contains 驳补峁嘺蝉 like 迟补驳补峁嘺, 产丑补驳补峁嘺, a pair of 箩补驳补峁嘺 and a pair of long syllables in each quarter of a stanza.[35] It has fourteen syllables in each quarter and it has a pause only at the close of its foot. In the 惭腻濒补迟墨尘腻诲丑补惫补, several verses are found in this metre.[36]
For instance [the following verse鈥鈥�
s膩 r膩ma峁嚹珁akanidheradhidevat膩 v膩 /
saundaryas膩rasamud膩yaniketana峁� v膩 //
tasy膩岣� sakhe niyatamindusudh膩m峁涐箛膩la /
jyotsn膩di k膩ra峁嘺mabh奴nmadana 惫别诲丑腻岣� // etc.
[...] contains 迟补驳补峁嘺, 产丑补驳补峁嘺, a pair of 箩补驳补峁嘺 and a pair of long syllables in each quarter.
So this verse is an example of Vasantatilaka metre.
(o) 惭腻濒颈苍墨:
The 惭腻濒颈苍墨 metre falls under the class of ati艣补谤办补谤墨 metre. In this metre the scheme of 驳补峁嘺蝉 are a pair of 苍补驳补峁嘺,尘补驳补峁嘺 and a pair of 测补驳补峁嘺 remain in each quarter of the stanza and the metrical pause exists after the eighth and the seventh syllable.[37] In the 惭腻濒补迟墨尘腻诲丑补惫补, numerous verses are found in this metre.[38]
For example in the verse鈥�
vyati峁jati pad膩rth膩n膩ntara岣� ko鈥檃pi hetur/
na khalu bahirup膩dh墨npr墨taya岣� sa峁兣況ayante//
vikasati hi pata峁単asyodaye 辫耻峁囜笉补谤墨办补峁� /
dravati ca himara艣m膩vudgate 肠补苍诲谤补办腻苍迟补岣� // [39] etc.
[...] the 驳补峁嘺蝉 viz., a pair of 苍补驳补峁嘺, 尘补驳补峁嘺 and a pair of 测补驳补峁嘺 are found. Hence the verse is an example of 惭腻濒颈苍墨 metre.
(p) 笔峁泃丑惫墨
The 笔峁泃丑惫墨 metre belongs to the 补迟测补峁ａ弓颈 class of metre. Whenever the 驳补峁嘺蝉 in every quarter of a stanza are 箩补驳补峁嘺, 蝉补驳补峁嘺,箩补驳补峁嘺,蝉补驳补峁嘺, 测补驳补峁嘺, a short and a long syllable and the metrical pause lies after the eighth and ninth syllables then the metre is termed as 笔峁泃丑颈惫墨 metre. This metre contains seventeen syllables.[40] In the 惭腻濒补迟墨尘腻诲丑补惫补, 叠丑补惫补产丑奴迟颈 has composed four verses in this metre.[41]
For instance in [the following verse鈥鈥�
hareratulavikramapra峁嘺yal膩lasa岣� s膩hase /
sa eva bhavati 办办补峁嘺迟办补谤补谤耻丑补辫谤补肠补峁囜笉补岣� 蝉补办丑腻 //
sphu峁璦tkara峁璦ko峁璦raskhalitad膩nasikt膩nan /
诲惫颈辫别艣惫补谤补艣颈谤补岣迟丑颈诲补濒补苍补颈办补惫墨谤补岣� 办补谤补岣� // [42] etc.
[...] the 驳补峁嘺蝉 箩补驳补峁嘺, 蝉补驳补峁嘺, 箩补驳补峁嘺, 蝉补驳补峁嘺, 测补驳补峁嘺, a short and a long syllable are present in each quarter. The verse is an example of 笔峁泃丑惫墨 metre.
(q) 惭补苍诲腻办谤腻苍迟腻:
The 惭补苍诲腻办谤补苍迟腻 metre belongs to the 补迟测补峁ａ弓颈 class of metre. It is the most popular metre among the classical Sanskrit authors. This metre contains seventeen syllables. When every quarter of a stanza contains the 驳补峁嘺蝉 namely 尘补驳补峁嘺, 产丑补驳补峁嘺, 苍补驳补峁嘺, a pair of 迟补驳补峁嘺 and a pair of long syllables then the metre is termed as 惭补苍诲谤腻办谤腻苍迟腻. The metrical pause of this metre exists after the fourth, the sixth and the seventh syllable.[43] In the 惭腻濒补迟墨尘腻诲丑补惫补, employment of this metre is found in a good number verses.[44]
For example [the following verse鈥鈥�
kaly膩峁嚹乶膩峁� tvamsi mahs膩峁� 产丑腻箩补苍补峁� vi艣vam奴rte /
dh奴ry膩峁� lak峁Ｄ玬atha mayi 产丑峁浥沘峁� dhehi deva pras墨da //
yadyatp膩pa峁� pratijahi 箩补驳补苍苍腻迟丑补 namrasya tanme /
产丑补诲谤补峁� 产丑补诲谤补峁� vitara bhagavanbh奴yase ma峁単al膩ya // [45] etc.
[...] is the suitable example of 惭补苍诲腻办谤腻苍迟腻 metre. Here respective 驳补峁嘺蝉 are 尘补驳补峁嘺, 产丑补驳补峁嘺, 苍补驳补峁嘺, a pair of 迟补驳补峁嘺 and a pair of long syllables.
(r) 狈补谤诲补峁璦办补:
The 狈补谤诲补峁璦办补 metre belongs to 补迟测补峁ａ弓颈 class of metre. When there are 驳补峁嘺蝉 like 苍补驳补峁嘺, 箩补驳补峁嘺, 产丑补驳补峁嘺, a pair of 箩补驳补峁嘺 with a short and a long syllable successively found in each quarter then the metre is called as 狈补谤诲补峁璦办补 metre. The metrical pause of this metre exists after the seventh or tenth syllable. [46] It has seventeen syllables. In the 惭腻濒补迟墨尘腻诲丑补惫补, 叠丑补惫补产丑奴迟颈 has composed two verses in this metre.[47]
As for instance [the following verse鈥鈥�
pra峁嘺yisakh墨sal墨laparih膩saras膩dhigatair /
lalita艣ir墨峁pu峁ahanairapi t膩myati yat //
vapu峁 vadh膩ya tatra tava 艣astramupak峁pata岣� /
patatu 艣irasyak膩峁囜笉yamada峁囜笉a ive峁 产丑耻箩补岣� // [48] etc.
[...] is a beautiful example of 狈补谤诲补峁璦办补 metre as the verse is consisted of 苍补驳补峁嘺, 箩补驳补峁嘺, 产丑补驳补峁嘺, a pair of 箩补驳补峁嘺 with a short and a long syllable in each quarter.
(s) 艢颈办丑补谤颈峁嚹�:
颈办丑补谤颈峁嚹� belongs to the 补迟测补峁ａ弓颈 class of metre. When the 驳补峁嘺蝉 like 测补驳补峁嘺, 尘补驳补峁嘺, 苍补驳补峁嘺, 蝉补驳补峁嘺, 产丑补驳补峁嘺, a short and a long syllable exists in every quarter and the pause exists after the sixth and the eleventh syllable then the metre is styled as 艢颈办丑补谤颈峁嚹� metre.[49] It consists of seventeen syllables. In the 惭腻濒补迟墨尘腻诲丑补惫补, 叠丑补惫补产丑奴迟颈 has composed a large number of verses in 艢颈办丑补谤颈峁嚹� metre.[50]
As for example [the following verse鈥鈥�
manor膩gast墨vra峁� vi峁miva visarpatyaviratam /
辫谤补尘腻迟丑墨 nirdh奴mo jvalati 惫颈诲丑耻迟补岣� 辫腻惫补办补 iva //
hinasti 辫谤补迟测补峁単补峁� jvara iva gar墨y膩nita ito /
na m膩 tr膩tu峁� 迟腻迟补岣� prabhavati na c膩mb膩 na 产丑补惫补迟墨 // [51] etc.
[...] is a suitable example of 艢颈办丑补谤颈峁嚹� metre as the verse contains 测补驳补峁嘺, 尘补驳补峁嘺, 苍补驳补峁嘺, 蝉补驳补峁嘺, 产丑补驳补峁嘺, a short and a long syllable in its every quarter.
(t) 贬补谤颈峁嚹�:
The 贬补谤颈峁嚹� metre belongs to 补迟测补峁ａ弓颈 class of metre. This metre contains 苍补驳补峁嘺, 蝉补驳补峁嘺, 尘补驳补峁嘺, 谤补驳补峁嘺, 蝉补驳补峁嘺, a short and a long syllable in every quarter of a stanza and the metrical pause of this metre exists after the sixth, fourth and seventh syllable in a foot and it has seventeen syllables.[52] 叠丑补惫补产丑奴迟颈 has composed altogether twelve verses in 贬补谤颈峁嚹� metre.[53]
(u) 艣腻谤诲奴濒补惫颈办谤墨岣峣迟补:
The 艢腻谤诲奴濒补惫颈办谤墨岣峣迟补 metre belongs to the 补迟颈诲丑峁泃颈 class of metre. When there exists 驳补峁嘺蝉 like 尘补驳补峁嘺, 蝉补驳补峁嘺, 箩补驳补峁嘺, 蝉补驳补峁嘺, a pair of 迟补驳补峁嘺 and a long syllable then the metre is termed as 艢腻谤诲奴濒补惫颈办谤墨岣峣迟补 metre. This metre is constituted of nineteen syllables in a foot. The metrical pause of this metre lies after the twelfth and the seventeenth syllables.[54] In the 惭腻濒补迟墨尘腻诲丑补惫补, 叠丑补惫补产丑奴迟颈 has composed a few verses in 艢腻谤诲奴濒补惫颈办谤墨岣峣迟补 metre.[55]
As for instance in [the following verse鈥鈥�
yadved膩dhyana峁� tathopani峁d膩峁� s膩峁僰hyasya yogasya ca /
j膩帽na峁� tatkathanena ki峁� nahi 迟补迟补岣� ka艣cidgu峁噊 n膩峁璦ke //
yatpau岣峣tvamud膩rat膩 ca vacas膩峁� yacc膩rthato 驳补耻谤补惫补峁� /
taccedasti tatastadeva 驳补尘补办补峁� 辫腻峁囜笉颈迟测补惫补颈诲补驳诲丑测补测辞岣� //[56] etc.
[...] 驳补峁嘺蝉 like 尘补驳补峁嘺, 蝉补驳补峁嘺, 箩补驳补峁嘺, 蝉补驳补峁嘺, a pair of 迟补驳补峁嘺 and a long syllable are found.
(v) 厂谤补驳诲丑补谤腻:
The 厂谤补驳诲丑补谤腻 metre belongs to the 辫谤补办峁泃颈 class of metre. This metre contains 尘补驳补峁嘺, 谤补驳补峁嘺, 产丑补驳补峁嘺, 苍补驳补峁嘺 and three ya驳补峁嘺蝉 respectively. The metrical pause of this metre lies after the every seventh syllable in a quarter.This metre has twenty one syllables in a quarter.[57] In the 惭腻濒补迟墨尘腻诲丑补惫补, a few verses of this 厂谤补驳诲丑补谤腻 metre are found.[58]
For example in [the following verse鈥鈥�
vi峁agv峁泃tirja峁乶膩峁� pracalati nibi岣峚granthivadhoapi bh膩rah /
蝉补峁僺办腻谤补办惫腻峁嘺诲墨谤驳丑补峁� 辫补峁璾 ra峁璦ti k峁泃膩v峁泃tikha峁璿膩峁単agha峁囜弓膩 //
奴谤诲丑惫补峁� dh奴noti v膩yurviv峁泃a艣ava艣ira岣ヅ況e峁噄ku帽je峁 驳耻帽箩补 /
nutt膩la岣� ki峁卥i峁嚹阅宄静筺avaratara峁嘺tk膩rahetu岣� 辫补迟腻办腻岣� // [59] etc.
[...] 尘补驳补峁嘺, 谤补驳补峁嘺, 产丑补驳补峁嘺, 苍补驳补峁嘺 and three ya驳补峁嘺蝉 occur. So this verse is an example of 厂谤补驳诲丑补谤腻 metre.
(w) 顿补峁囜笉补办补:
顿补峁囜笉补办补 is a metre each quarter of which has two na驳补峁嘺蝉 followed by sixteen ra驳补峁嘺蝉 thus consisting of 54 letters. 叠丑补惫补产丑奴迟颈 has composed mere one verse in 顿补峁囜笉补办补 metre.
[The following verse鈥鈥�
辫谤补肠补濒颈迟补办补谤颈办峁泃迟颈辫补谤测补苍迟补肠补帽肠补苍苍补办丑腻诲丑腻迟补产丑颈苍苍别苍诲耻苍颈岣测补苍诲补尘腻苍腻尘峁泃补蝉测辞迟补-
箩墨惫补tkap膩l膩val墨muktaca峁囜笉膩峁弓ah膩satrasadbh奴ribh奴taprav峁泃tastuti /
艣惫补蝉补诲补蝉颈迟补产丑耻箩补峁単补产丑辞驳腻峁単补诲驳谤补苍迟丑颈苍颈峁墨岣峚苍补蝉辫丑腻谤补辫丑耻濒濒补迟辫丑补峁嚹乸丑墨峁环补苍颈谤测补谤诲惫颈峁-
jyotirujj峁沵bha峁噊岣嶀笉膩maravyastavist膩rido岣ha峁囜笉apary膩sitak峁m膩dharam /
箩惫补濒补诲补苍补濒补辫颈艣补峁卥补苍别迟谤补肠补峁乻腻峁璦产丑墨尘辞迟迟补尘腻峁単补产丑谤补尘颈辫谤补蝉迟耻迟腻濒腻迟补肠补办谤补办谤颈测腻蝉测奴迟补-
digbh膩gamuttu峁単akha峁璿膩峁単ako峁璬hvajodbh奴tivik峁ptat膩r膩驳补峁嘺m/
辫谤补尘耻诲颈迟补办补峁璦辫奴迟补苍辞迟迟腻濒补惫别迟腻濒补迟腻濒补蝉辫丑耻峁璦办补谤峁嘺蝉补峁僢丑谤腻苍迟补驳补耻谤墨驳丑补苍腻艣濒别峁-
h峁涐梗yanmanatryambak膩nandivast膩峁囜笉ava峁� devi bh奴y膩dabh墨峁ａ弓yai ca h峁涐梗峁璦yai ca na岣� //[60] etc.
[...] contains two na驳补峁嘺蝉 followed by sixteen ra驳补峁嘺蝉. Hence the verse is a suitable example of 顿补峁囜笉补办补 metre.
(x) 膧谤测腻:
The metre 膧谤测腻 is a variety of 箩腻迟颈 class where each 辫腻诲补 is regulated by a number of syllabic instance or measures (尘腻迟谤腻蝉). Here the first half of a stanza consists of seven 驳补峁嘺蝉 and the long in the last position and the first, third, fifth and seventh of these seven 驳补峁嘺蝉 must not have 箩补驳补峁嘺 respectively. In this metre the sixth 驳补峁嘺 becomes 箩补驳补峁嘺 in the second half of the said stanza. Sometimes 苍补驳补峁嘺 occurs with one short syllable in second half of the stanza. In the first half of a stanza, there are four short syllables in the sixth 驳补峁嘺 and the metrical pause exists before second short syllable. [61] In the 惭腻濒补迟墨尘腻诲丑惫补, 叠丑补惫补产丑奴迟颈 has composed altogether eleven verses in 膧谤测腻 metre.[62]
For example [the following verse鈥鈥�
t膩峁� y膩cate narapaternamasuh峁沝nandanau n峁沺amukhena/
tats膩k峁Ｄ乼prati峁dha岣� kaup膩ya 艣ivastvayamup膩ya岣� //[63] etc.
[...] is a beautiful example of 膧谤测腻 metre.
Footnotes and references:
[1]:
[2]:
惭腻濒补迟墨尘腻诲丑补惫补, III.1
[3]:
sy膩dindravajr膩 yadi tau jagau ga岣� /
颁丑补苍诲辞尘补帽箩补谤墨, II.p.36
[4]:
I.4, 5, 33 III.4, 11 IV.5 VI.1 X.13
[5]:
惭腻濒补迟墨尘腻诲丑补惫补,I.2
[6]:
upendravajr膩 prathame laghau s膩 /
颁丑补苍诲辞尘补帽箩补谤墨,II.p.37 upendravajr膩 jataj膩stato go /
[7]:
惭腻濒补迟墨尘腻诲丑补惫补, I.10
[8]:
anantarod墨ritalak峁abh膩jau 辫腻诲补u yad墨y膩vupaj膩tayast膩岣� /
颁丑补苍诲辞尘补帽箩补谤墨,II.38 264 II.33 IX.27
[9]:
惭腻濒补迟墨尘腻诲丑补惫补,II.33
[10]:
r膩taparairnaralagai rathoddhat膩 /
颁丑补苍诲辞尘补帽箩补谤墨, II.p.43 r膩datho marag膩 rathoddhat膩 /
痴峁泃迟补尘腻濒腻, 29
[11]:
VIII.3 IX. 21 X.18
[12]:
惭腻濒补迟墨尘腻诲丑补惫补,X.18
[13]:
m膩tto gau cech膩lin墨 vedalokai岣� /
颁丑补苍诲辞尘补帽箩补谤墨,II.p.41
[14]:
惭腻濒补迟墨尘腻诲丑补惫补, Act VI.18
[15]:
Ibid.,IX.37
[17]:
惭腻濒补迟墨尘腻诲丑补惫补, IX.23
[18]:
yadi tadvi峁yonur膩gavandha岣� /
蝉辫丑耻峁璦尘别迟补诲惫颈 辫丑补濒补峁� gu峁嘺j帽at膩y膩岣� //
iti nanditamapyavyavasthay膩sy膩 /
丑峁沝补测补峁� d膩ru峁嘺y膩 vid墨ryate me //
惭腻濒补迟墨尘腻诲丑补惫补, III.13
[19]:
drutavilamvitam膩ha nabhau bharo /
颁丑补苍诲辞尘补帽箩补谤墨, II. p. 55
[20]:
I.10 IV.7 VII.11 X.16
[21]:
惭腻濒补迟墨尘腻诲丑补惫补, IV.7
[22]:
vadanti vam艣asthavilam jatau jarau /
Ibid.,II.p.49
[23]:
惭腻濒补迟墨尘腻诲丑补惫补,VII.1
[24]:
Ibid., X.6
[25]:
ayuji nayagarephato yak膩ro, yuji ca najau jaragas艣ca pu峁it膩gr膩 /
颁丑补苍诲辞尘补帽箩补谤墨, III. P.45
[26]:
II.6, 10 III.6,15 V.15 X. 2
[27]:
惭腻濒补迟墨尘腻诲丑补惫补, III.6
[28]:
try膩艣膩bhirmanajarag膩岣� prahar峁峁嚹珁am /
颁丑补苍诲辞尘补帽箩补谤墨,II.p.63
[29]:
mno jro vastridasayati岣� prahar峁峁嚹� /
痴峁泃迟补尘腻濒腻,42
[30]:
I.37, 38 III.17 IV.1 V.3, 25 IX.14
[31]:
惭腻濒补迟墨尘腻诲丑补惫补,I.38
[32]:
sajas膩 jagau ca yadi ma帽jubh膩峁峁嚹� /
颁丑补苍诲辞尘补帽箩补谤墨,II.p.67
[33]:
I.39 II.4 III.7 V.8 IX.9, 43, 48
[34]:
惭腻濒补迟墨尘腻诲丑补惫补, II.4
[35]:
箩帽别测补峁� 惫补蝉补苍迟补迟颈濒补办补峁� tabhaj膩 jagau ga岣� /
颁丑补苍诲辞尘补帽箩补谤墨, II.p.73
[36]:
I. 6, 9, 18,19, 20, 21, 23,25, 26, 29,32, 34, 40 II.8 III. 5 IV.8 V.27, 32
VI.4, 8, 9, 12, 13, 14, 17, 20 VII.2, 3, 4 VIII.4, 5, 8, 14
IX.1,2, 3, 13, 22, 31, 36, 40, 44, 47, 50, 54 X.1, 9, 20, 21
[37]:
nanamayayayuteya峁� m膩lin墨 bhogilokai岣� /
Ibid, II.p 80
[38]:
I.27, 28, 41 II.9 III.8, 14, 16 IV.10 V.1 VI.16 VII.1, 12, 13 IX. 5,6, 24, 28, 53 X.8
[39]:
惭腻濒补迟墨尘腻诲丑补惫补,I.24
[40]:
jasau jasayal膩 vasugrahayati艣ca p峁泃hv墨 驳耻谤耻岣� /
颁丑补苍诲辞尘补帽箩补谤墨,II.p.16
[41]:
III.13 VIII.7 IX.35, 38
[42]:
惭腻濒补迟墨尘腻诲丑补惫补,VIII. 7
[43]:
mand膩kr膩nt膩ambudhirasanagairmobhano tau gayugmam /
颁丑补苍诲辞尘补帽箩补谤墨, II. p.98
[44]:
I.3,15, 35 II.5 III.12 IV.2 V.20 VI.2 VII.5 VIII.2 IX.20, 25, 26, 46 X. 5
[45]:
惭腻濒补迟墨尘腻诲丑补惫补,I.3
[46]:
yadi bhavato najau bhajajal膩 guru narda峁璳am /
颁丑补苍诲辞尘补帽箩补谤墨, II. P.100
[47]:
V.31 IX.18
[48]:
惭腻濒补迟墨尘腻诲丑补惫补,V.31
[49]:
rasai rudraischinn膩 yamanasabhal膩 ga岣� 艣ikharin墨 / Ibid., II.1
[50]:
I. 14, 16, 30, 31 II.3, 7, 11, 12, 13 III.9 IV.3, 4, 6, 9 V.30, 34 VI.7, 15
IX.8, 29, 45
[51]:
惭腻濒补迟墨尘腻诲丑补惫补, II.1
[53]:
I.17, 36 II.2 III.2 V.5, 26 VI.6 IX.10, 11, 12, 42 X.15
[54]:
s奴ry膩艣vairyadi ma岣� sajau satatag膩岣� 艣膩rd奴lavikr墨岣嵞玹am /
Ibid.,II.p.115
[55]:
I. 2, 7 V.2, 7, 9, 10, 11, 13, 14, 18, 19, 22, 24, 28, 29 VI.3, 5, 19
VIII.6, 9, 10 IX.7, 15, 16, 17, 32, 33, 34, 39 X.23, 24, 25
[56]:
惭腻濒补迟墨尘腻诲丑补惫补, I.7
[57]:
bhramnairy膩n膩 traye峁嘺 trimuniyatiyut膩 sragdhar膩 k墨rtiteyam /
Ibid.,II.p.123
[58]:
I.1 V.4,6, 16, 17 IX.30
[59]:
惭腻濒补迟墨尘腻诲丑补惫补,V.4
[60]:
Ibid.,V.23
[61]:
lak峁mai tat sapta 驳补峁嘺 gopet膩 bhavati neha vi峁me ja岣� /
峁峁ａ弓ho ja艣a nalaghu va prathameardhe niyatam膩ry膩y膩岣� //
峁峁ａ弓he dvit墨yal膩t parake nale mukhal膩艣ca sayatipadaniyama岣� /
carameardhe pa帽cake tasm膩diha bhavati 峁峁ａ弓ho la岣� //
颁丑补苍诲辞尘补帽箩补谤墨,V.1-2
[62]:
III.6 VI.10 IX.4, 49 X.3, 10, 11, 12, 14, 17
[63]:
惭腻濒补迟墨尘腻诲丑惫补,I.11