Shiva Purana
by J. L. Shastri | 1950 | 616,585 words
This page relates “glorification of the syllable om and the five-syllabled mantra� as found in the Shiva-purana, which, in Hinduism, represents one of the eighteen Mahapuranas. This work eulogizes Lord Shiva as the supreme deity, besides topics such as cosmology and philosophy. It is written in Sanskrit and claims to be a redaction of an original text consisting of 100,000 metrical verses.
Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.
Go directly to: Footnotes.
Chapter 17 - The glorification of the syllable Om and the five-syllabled mantra
[Sanskrit text for this chapter is available]
The sages said:�
1. O lord, tell us the greatness of the syllable Om and that of the six ṅg, O great sage. Also please tell us the worship of the devotees of Ś in order.
Sūta said:�
2. All of you, sages, have now requested for a good thing. Only Ś can explain this properly. No one else.
3. Still I shall explain the same with Ś’s grace. May Ś increasingly guard us, you and every one else.
4. The syllable Om means an excellent boat to cross the ocean of worldly existence. [Pra=of the ʰṛt i.e. the world evolved out of it. Navam�屹� Varam—an excellent boat]
5. Or ʰṇa may mean: “there is no world for you� or it may mean “That which leads to salvation�.
6-8. Or it may mean “that which leads to new knowledge.� After annihilating all actions it gives the persons who repeat the mantra or worship, a fresh knowledge of the pure soul. This ʰṇa is two-fold (1) the subtle (2) the gross.
9. The subtle one is of a single syllable where the constituent five syllables are not differentiated clearly. The gross one is of five syllables where all the constituent syllables are manifest.
10. The subtle one is for the liberated living soul (īԳܰٲ). The need for the contemplation of the meaning through the mantra is only upto the destruction of the physical body.
11. When the body is destroyed he completely merges in Ś undoubtedly. The mere repeater of the mantra attains the yogic communion with Ś certainly.
12. A person who repeats the mantra thirty-six crores of times certainly attains the yogic communion. The subtle ʰṇa is again two-fold—the short, and the long.
13-15. The long one is present in the heart of the Yogins alone—separately in the form of “A� syllable, “U� syllable, “M� syllable, Bindu and 岹. It is endowed with all the digits of the time sound. Ś, Śپ and their union are indicated by “M� syllable ramified into three and this is called the short subtle ʰṇa. The short ʰṇa shall be recited and repeated by those who desire their all sins annihilated.
16-18. The five elements ether, air, fire, water and earth and their five subtle causes sound, touch, form, taste, and smell together activised in relation to achievement of desires are called ʰṛtٲ. The short subtle ʰṇa is for those who desire the continuation of mundane existence and the long one is for those who are averse to the same.[1] The ʰṇa is to be used in the beginning of the ղṛt,[2] mantras, in the beginning of the Vedas, and during the prayer at dawn and at dusk along with Bindu and 岹. If the devotee repeats it nine crores of times he becomes pure.
19. A further repetition for nine crores of times enables him to win over the Earth element. A further repetition for nine crores of times enables him to win over the water element.
20. Similarly for each repetition of nine crores of times he is able to win over the elements of fire, wind and the ether.
21. The attributes of “smell� etc. are to be similarly won over by successive repetitions of nine crores of times. The egotism is to be won over by another repetition of nine crores of times.
22. By repeating it daily for a thousand times the devotee becomes perpetually pure. O brahmins, thereafter the repetition of the mantra is conducive to the achievement of desires.
23. A devotee who thus completes one hundered and eight crores of Japas of ʰṇa (Om) and is thus fully enlightened shall master Śuddhayoga.
24-25. A person who has thus mastered Śuddhayoga becomes certainly a liberated living soul. A Mahāyogin who performs Japas and meditations perpetually of Ś in the form of ʰṇa and maintains mystic trance, certainly becomes Ś Himself. He must perform Japas after duly performing the ṅgԲ (ritualistic placing of the finger over the different parts of the body as prescribed) and invoke the sages concerned, the deities presiding over and the name of the metre in which the verse is composed.
26. The devotee who practises the Japa of ʰṇa (Om) with due ritualistic placings of fingers on the parts of his body becomes a sage. He shall attain all the benefits of the ritualistic such as the blessings of ten mothers and the (attainment of) six pathways.
27-30. As for those who are devoted to activities and those who both refrain from and indulge in activities, the gross ʰṇa is recommended. Śyogins are of three types being devoted to rites, austerities and Japas. The Dz is the one who engages himself in sacred rites and worship spending money, using limbs of the body and uttering words � (obeisance) etc. Tapoyogin is the one who desists from injuring others, restains all external sense organs, takes limited quantities of food and performs worships. Japayogin is the one who is quiet, performs Japa always, is free from all sorts of desires and maintains all these observances mentioned before.
31. A pure man shall obtain liberation only step by step, beginning with ǰⲹ as a result of being purified by the worship of Śyogins with sixteen services and homage.
32. O brahmins, I shall now explain Japayoga, please listen. Even the person practising austerities shall perform Japas to purify himself.
33. O brahmins, the five-syllabled mantra of Ś is the gross ʰṇa. The name Ś is used in the dative case with � prefixed. (� Śya—Homage to Ś) It implies the five principles.
34. The Japa of the five-syllabled mantra shall always be performed along with ʰṇa. A man can achieve everything by means of the Japa of the five-syllabled mantra.
35. O brahmins, the devotee shall take instruction from his preceptor, sit comfortably on the ground cleaned well, and start the Japa. The practice shall start on the Caturdaśī day of the bright half and concluded on the Caturdaśī day of the dark half.
36-37. The months of 岵 and 貹岹 are the most auspicious of all occasions. During the days of Japa be shall take only a single meal during the day in limited quantities. He shall abstain from useless talk and curb all his sense organs. He shall uninterruptedly render service to his parents and the king, or any master whom he serves. By performing the Japa a thousand times, he shall be free from indebtedness, otherwise not.
38-42. The five-syllabled mantra shall be repeated five hundred thousand times, all the time remembering the various aspects of Lord Ś who is seated in the lotus pose. He is the bestower of all auspiciousness. He has the crescent moon for his coronet. He has given shelter to Ҳṅg in His matted hair. With Śپ seated on His left thigh, He shines with His great concourse of attendants around Him. He bears the moon (on his forehead). He shows the gestures of bestowing boons and offering freedom from fear. He is the cause of perpetual blessing. He is ś. He shall be mentally worshipped at first or as stationed in the heart or in the solar zone. While performing the Japa of the five-syllabled mantra he shall sit facing the east. All his actions shall be pure. In the morning of the Caturdaśī day of the dark half, after finishing the daily rites he shall sit in a clean beautiful place. He shall control his mind and senses. He shall repeat the five-syllabled mantra twelve thousand times in this way.
43-44. For the sake of the worship he shall invite five great devotees of Ś along with their wives. One of those shall be an excellent preceptor who shall be assigned the 峾 form, another will represent ĪśԲ, the third will represent the Aghora aspect of Ś, the fourth will represent the 峾 aspect of Ś and the fifth will represent �ٲ� aspect of Ś.
45-47. All the articles for the worship shall be ready and the worship shall start. When it is performed duly, the sacrifice shall follow. All the rites from the beginning to the end shall be performed according to the rules laid down in the scriptural code which the devotee follows. The ghee used shall be the one prepared from the milk of a tawny cow. He shall make ten, hundred or a thousand offerings or he shall bid the devotees of Ś make the offerings. In that case the offerings are one hundred and eight in number.
48-49. At the end of the sacrifice monetary gifts shall be given: the preceptor shall be given two cows (or a cow and a bull) as extra. The five devotees shall be duly worshipped; the householder shall take bath with the water wherewith the feet of the devotees shall be washed. He shall thereby reap the benefit of taking bath in 36 crores of holy rivers and tanks.
50-52. He shall make gifts of cooked rice and ten ancillary constituents with great piety. The preceptor’s wife must be considered as the great goddess (ʲ.) The wives of the other devotees ĪśԲ and the rest shall be duly worshipped and honoured. They shall be presented with the beads sacred to Ś, garments, and sumptuously fed with milk pudding, pulse, pies, sweet pies etc. after the oblations are duly given. The Japa is then concluded with due prayers to the lord of gods.
53. After the performance of ʳܰśṇa (repetition of the mantra followed by sacrifice), the householder becomes endowed with the efficacy of the mantra. If he completes another five hundred thousand Japas, all the sins will be wiped off.
54. For every set of five hundred thousand Japas the householder shall be blessed with the riches and prosperity of the different Lokas beginning with Atala and ending with Satyaloka in order.
55. If the householder dies in the middle, he shall be reborn in the world after due enjoyment of pleasures in the other worlds. He shall then continue the Japa and derive the benefit of being near to Brahman.
56. After a repetition of five hundred thousand further Japas he derives the benefit of assimilation to Brahman. If ten million Japas are completed in all he shall become identical with Brahman.
57. Thus attaining the absorption into Kāryabrahman (the action Brahman) he gains all such enjoyments as can be wished for till the time of final dissolution.
58. In the Next Kalpa he will be born as Brahma’s son. Becoming illuminated with the penance he shall be ultimately liberated.
59. Fourteen worlds beginning with and ending with Satya are evolved out of the five elements, such as the Earth etc. These are called ’s worlds.
60-61. There are fourteen վṣṇ worlds beyond Satya world and ending with ṣa. In the ṣa world the action—վṣṇ� is stationed in the excellent city of ղṇṭ in the company of action-ṣmī protecting the great recipients of enjoyment. Beyond that and ending with Śuciloka there are twenty-eight worlds.
62. In the pure world of , Rudra, the annihilator of the living beings, is stationed. Beyond that are the fifty-six worlds ending with ṃs region.
63. The action-lord who has screened everything is stationed in the city of ñԲ첹 in the ṃs region.
64-67. At the end of the same is the wheel of Time and beyond the ken of Time there is the space called īٲ. There (God of death and Time) backed by Ś and in the name of 䲹ś, unites every one with Time. In his activity he occupies Dharma in the form of a buffalo whose four legs are untruth, untidiness, violence and ruthlessness. He can assume any form he wishes. He assumes the form of a great buffalo, is rich in Atheism, has evil association and utters sounds other than those of the Vedas. He has an active association with Anger. He is black in colour. He is called great lord (Ѳś) to that extent. The ability to vanish is up to that extent.
68. Beneath that is the Karmabhoga enjoyment as a result of activity. Beyond that point is ñԲDz (enjoyment due to knowledge). Beneath that point is and beyond that point is ñԲmāyā.
69. Explanation of —Mā means ṣmī i.e. Karmabhoga. Attainment of the same is . The word Mā is then interpreted as ñԲDz. Attainment of the same is .
70. Beyond that point is Nityabhoga (perpetual enjoyment). Beneath that point is śDz (evanescent enjoyment). Beneath that is evanescence and beyond that there is freedom.
71. The bondage of nooses is only beneath that point. There is no bondage beyond that. Those who perform actions with desire alone, hover beneath that point.
72. The enjoyment of rites performed with no desire is said to be beyond that point. Those who are devoted to the worship of womb, hover beneath that.
73. The worshippers of the phallic emblem who are unaffected by desire can go beyond that. Worshippers of deities other than Ś, hover beneath that.
74. Those who are devoted to Ś alone can go beyond that. Crores of ī live beneath that point. There is a great fort-wall as it were above the same.
75. Persons bound by worldly existence remain beneath that point and those who are liberated go beyond that. Those who worship the natural substances hover beneath that.
76. Those who worship the entity of ʳܰṣa go beyond that point. Śپṅg is beneath that point but Śṅg is beyond.
77. The unmanifest ṅg is beneath that point but the manifest one is beyond. The conceived ṅg is beneath and the unconceived one is beyond.
78. The external ṅg is beneath that point and the internal one is beyond. The Śپlokas numbering hundred and twelve are beneath that point.
79. The Իܰū貹 is beneath that point and 岹rūpa is beyond. The Karmaloka is beneath that point and ñԲǰ첹 is beyond that.
80-81. Obeisance which is beyond that point quells pride and egotism. The word Jan means evanescence, Na is a negative particle. The word ñԲ, therefore, means that which wards off evanescence. Those who worship elements hover beneath that point.
82-83. And those who worship spiritual things go beyond that point. The Vedibhāga (the portion of the Altar) in that great world of Ātmaṅg is only up to that point. The eight fixation of ʰṛt etc. is also at the extremity of the Vedi. Such is the customary and the scriptural procedure.
84. Those who are endowed with the virtue of truthfulness etc. and those who are devoted to the worship of Ś cross cakra who is seated on ṣa (The buffalo of evils).
85. Beyond that stands, ahead of Śloka, the bull of Virtue in the form of celibacy. It has the legs of Truthfulness etc.
86. The bull of Dharma has forbearance for its horns, restraint for its ears, faith for its eyes, sighs for its intellect and mind. It is embellished by the sound of Vedic chants.
87. The bulls of sacred rites etc. are to be understood as stationed in the causes. īٲ (i.e Ѳś) presides over the bull of sacred rites.
88. The span of life of , վṣṇ and Ѳś is a day. Beyond that, there is neither day nor night, neither birth nor death.
89-90. The worlds ending with ṇasatya, of the ṇa ( the cause) evolved out of the subtle elements, Smell etc. are stationed beyond it. In all these fourteen worlds, the subtle smell etc. give the due form. The fourteen worlds of ṇaṣṇ are stationed there.
91. The lokas of ṇarudra are twenty-eight in number. The lokas of ṇa-īśa numbering fifty-six are beyond that.
92-93. The Brahmacaryaloka accepted by Ś is beyond that. There in the ñԲ첹 that has five coverings, the primary phallic from of Ś is stationed in the company of primary energy of Ś. It has five zones and five 첹.
94. This is called the abode of Ś, Ślaya, the supreme Āٳ. There alone stays ʲś in the company of ʲśakti.
95. He is skilled in the performance of the five functions of creation, maintenance evanescence and blessing. His body is Existence, Knowledge and Bliss.
96. He is always in meditation. He is ever bent on blessing. He is seated in the pose of trance. He shines resting in his own self
97-98. His vision is possible gradually through sacred rites, meditation etc. By performing the daily rites and worships, the mind is diverted towards the sacred rites of Ś the performance whereof gives the sight of Ś. Those who come within His vision are certainly liberated.
99. The liberation is in the form of realising the nature of Āٳ. It is a relaxation and resting in one’s own soul. It is based on sacred rites, penance, Japa, knowledge, meditation and virtue.
100-101. Relaxation is assured at the vision of Ś. Ś, the merciful, removes ignorance even as the sun removes all impurities and darkness by means of its rays. When ignorance is dispelled, the knowledge of Ś begins to function.
102. On acquiring the knowledge of Ś a person achieves relaxation. He becomes gratified at the acquisition of relaxation.
103-104. Again by means of ten million Japas he acquires ’s region. A further ten million Japas enable him to achieve վṣṇ’s region. By a further ten million japas he attains Rudra’s region and by a further ten million japas Īś’s region is attained.
105. Again by a similar japa performed with concentration he attains cakra, the first in the Śloka.
106-107. The cakra consists of five wheels, one being over the other. Sight and delusion (Drṣṭi and Moha) constitute the Brahmacakra; Enjoyment and delusion (Bhoga and Moha) constitute the վṣṇ Chakra. Anger and delusion (Kopa and Moha) constitute the Raudra Cakra, Revolution (ṇa) is Īścakra. Knowledge and illusion (ñԲ and Moha) constitute the Ścakra. Thus scholars have explained the five cakras.
108. Then by ten crores of Japas he achieves the region of ṇa Brahman. Again by ten crores he attains the prosperity of that region.
109-110. Thus, gradually, attaining the region of վṣṇ and those of other Gods as well as the prosperities of those regions, completing assiduously the repetitions to the tune of hundred and five crores of times, he attains Śloka outside the fifth sheath.
111. There is a Silver platform there, an excellent river bed, and a bull in the form of penance.
112. The fifth sheath is the excellent station of Sadyo-ٲ (a form of Ś). The fourth is the station of 峾deva.
113. The third is the abode of Aghora. The second is the abode of 峾 ʳܰṣa.
114. The first is the abode of ĪśԲ. The fifth is the place of ٳԲ Dharma (virtue of meditation).
115. The abode of Balinātha is the bestower of the full ṛt (deathlessness, nectar). Thereafter is the fourth Ѳṇḍ貹 with the idol of 䲹Իś (a form of Ś).
116. The abode of Somaskanda is the third maṇḍapa. The faithfuls say that the second Ѳṇḍ貹 is the ṛtⲹ-Ѳṇḍ貹.
117. The first Ѳṇḍ貹 is the abode of Mūlamāyā (primary delusion) and is very auspicious and stationed there itself. Beyond that is the sanctum sanctorum, the auspicious place of the phallic form of Ś.
118. No one can realise the flourishing power of Ś stationed at the back of Nandi. Իīś sits outside and repeats the five-syllabled mantra.
119. This knowledge has come down from the preceptors. I got it from Իīś. Beyond this, it must be inferred from it and it is actually experienced only by Ś.
120. The full grandeur and greatness of Śloka can be known by any one only out of the grace of Ś and not otherwise, so say the faithfuls.
121. It is thus that Brahmins of controlled sense-organs become liberated gradually. I shall tell you the process in some other cases. Please listen attentively.
122-123. Brahmin women must take instruction from a preceptor and perform the Japa with � at the end. They shall repeat the five-syllabled mantra five hundred thousand times for their longevity. That is the rule. Again they must repeat it five hundred thousand times to wipe off womanhood. Becoming a man first, the liberation will be acquired gradually.
124. A ṣaٰⲹ must repeat the mantra five hundred thousand times to remove Kṣatratva. A further repetition of five hundred thousand times enables him to become a brahmin.
125. After the mantrasiddhi he shall gradually become liberated. A ղśⲹ dispels the ղśⲹtva by five hundred thousand japas.
126. Then he becomes a mantra-ṣaٰⲹ by repeating it five hundred thousand times. He then dispels the Kṣatratva by five hundred thousand japas.
127-129. He then becomes a mantrabrahmin by repeating the mantra five hundred thousand times. A Śū, repeating the mantra with � at the end, for two million five hundred thousand times becomes a mantrabrahmin and so pure enough for liberation. If one is sick, whether man or woman, of brahmin caste or otherwise, one must repeat it always with � in the beginning or at the end. As for the women, the preceptor shall instruct them in proper order.
130. At the end of every five hundred thousand Japas, the aspirant shall perform Ѳṣe첹 and Naivedya. He shall worship devotees of Ś for gratifying Ś.
131. Ś becomes delighted at the worship of the devotee. There is no difference between Ś and the devotee of Ś. He is Ś Himself.
132. The mantra is of the nature of Ś. By holding the mantra the physical body of the devotee becomes identified with Ś.
133-134. Devotees of Ś know all the rites, nay all the Vedic rites. The more an aspirant repeats the mantra of Ś, the greater is the presence of Ś in his body. For the woman devotee of Ś, the symbol of the goddess shall be the form for concentration.
135. The presence of the goddess continues to be felt as long as the mantra continues to be repeated. An intelligent man who continues to worship Ś becomes worthy of the name and form.
136. Even when the aspirant has become Ś he shall worship the ʲ. He shall worship Śپ, the embodied and the phallic form of Ś after faultlessly making images of the same.
137-142. He shall consider the phallic form as Ś and himself as Śپ or he shall consider Śپṅg as the goddess and himself as Ś or he shall consider Śṅg in the form of 岹 and Śپ in the form of Bindu and give the primary or secondary character to either or consider both united together. Whatever be the form of Upāsti, he shall worship both Ś and Śپ. He becomes Ś in virtue of his basic realisation. With the sixteen forms of service and homage, he shall worship devotees of Ś who are verily the mantra of Ś personified or identical with Ś. He will thereby achieve whatever he desires. Ś being highly pleased with him yields to his gratification. Without being undeceptive in regard to money, body, mantra or the conception he shall gratify five, ten or hundred couples of Ś’s devotees by feeding them and rendering them other services, in the company of his wife.
143-146. He will assume the form of Ś and Śپ and will not be born again. Just below the umbilicus is the part of , till the armpit is the part of վṣṇ and the face is the phallus in the body of a devotee of Ś. If any one dies, the householder shall worship the primordial father Ś, the primordial mother Ś and the devotees of Ś. Thereby, whether the dead body is properly cremated or not, the dead man shall go to the world of the manes and gradually attain salvation. A person endowed with Tapas is far better than ten persons endowed with rites.
147-153. A person endowed with Japa is superior to a hundred persons endowed with Tapas. A person endowed with the knowledge of Ś is superior to a thousand persons endowed with Japas. A person endowed with meditation is superior to a hundred thousand persons who have the knowledge of Ś. A person endowed with the power of trance is superior to a crore of meditating persons. Since the latter are superior to the former they shall be selected for worship. Even sensible persons cannot fully comprehend the excellence of benefit. An ordinary man cannot understand the greatness of the devotee of Ś. The worship of the devotee of Ś is on a par with the worship of Ś and Śپ. He who worships any of these piously becomes Ś and attains Ś. He who reads this significant chapter, that agrees with the Vedic injunctions, becomes a brahmin endowed with the knowledge of Ś and rejoices in the company of Ś. O scholarly lords of sages, a person who knows special things must narrate them to the devotees of Ś. By Ś’s grace he will be blessed.
Footnotes and references:
[1]:
The words Pravṛtta and Nivṛtta designate respectively the persons who desire continuation of mundane existence and those who are averse to the same.
[2]:
Vyāhṛtīs are the mystical utterances, seven in number, viz.
bhū�, bhuva�, sva�, maha�, jana�, tapa�, satyam |
Each of the vyāhṛtis are preceded by the Om.