Nyaya, latest concepts
Overview of all Nyaya concepts:
Total: 143
10 concepts in 1 topics and 1 sources.
Existence of God refers to: The central theme of the arguments, which Udayana seeks to prove against the assertion that God cannot be proven... The affirmed reality of a divine being, which is a central debate and the subject of various arguments and objections in the provided text.
Existence of God refers to: The central theme of the arguments, which Udayana seeks to prove against the assertion that God cannot be proven... The affirmed reality of a divine being, which is a central debate and the subject of various arguments and objections in the provided text.
9 concepts in 1 topics and 1 sources.
Udayana refers to: A figure mentioned in the text who advocates a view against certain opponents regarding the nature of reality and causation... A notable philosopher associated with the Nyaya-Vaisheshika system who has been widely respected across rival philosophical systems despite criticism.
Udayana refers to: A figure mentioned in the text who advocates a view against certain opponents regarding the nature of reality and causation... A notable philosopher associated with the Nyaya-Vaisheshika system who has been widely respected across rival philosophical systems despite criticism.
6 concepts in 1 topics and 1 sources.
Cause-effect relation refers to: The connection or correlation between a cause and its resulting effect, which is explored in depth to address arguments about fire and smoke... The relationship between an event (effect) and its origin (cause), which is central to the argument being presented.
Cause-effect relation refers to: The connection or correlation between a cause and its resulting effect, which is explored in depth to address arguments about fire and smoke... The relationship between an event (effect) and its origin (cause), which is central to the argument being presented.
6 concepts in 1 topics and 1 sources.
Nyaya position refers to: The philosophical stance that emphasizes logical reasoning and argues for specific causal relationships in the context of actions and their results... The philosophical stance of the Nyaya school which asserts that effects can differ based on the nature of their causes and the potencies involved.
Nyaya position refers to: The philosophical stance that emphasizes logical reasoning and argues for specific causal relationships in the context of actions and their results... The philosophical stance of the Nyaya school which asserts that effects can differ based on the nature of their causes and the potencies involved.
6 concepts in 1 topics and 1 sources.
Nyaya view refers to: The philosophical perspective that advocates for acknowledging God as the speaker of the Veda and the sole creator of the world, emphasizing unity over plurality... A philosophical perspective that posits that comparison does not prove the existence of a thing.
Nyaya view refers to: The philosophical perspective that advocates for acknowledging God as the speaker of the Veda and the sole creator of the world, emphasizing unity over plurality... A philosophical perspective that posits that comparison does not prove the existence of a thing.
6 concepts in 1 topics and 1 sources.
Pramana refers to: Means of knowledge or proof used in philosophical arguments to establish the existence or nonexistence of entities, including God... The sources of valid knowledge, with Udayana especially emphasizing perception and inference in establishing the existence of the self.
Pramana refers to: Means of knowledge or proof used in philosophical arguments to establish the existence or nonexistence of entities, including God... The sources of valid knowledge, with Udayana especially emphasizing perception and inference in establishing the existence of the self.
5 concepts in 1 topics and 1 sources.
Validity of the Veda refers to: The legitimacy and truth of the Vedic texts, which Udayana argues can only be fully accepted if God is acknowledged as their speaker... The authority that statements of the Veda hold, which according to Nyaya is derived from God as the supreme speaker.
Validity of the Veda refers to: The legitimacy and truth of the Vedic texts, which Udayana argues can only be fully accepted if God is acknowledged as their speaker... The authority that statements of the Veda hold, which according to Nyaya is derived from God as the supreme speaker.
5 concepts in 1 topics and 1 sources.
Cause and effect refers to: A principle refuted by some opponents who argue that events occur by chance rather than through defined causes... A philosophical relationship where the cause must reside in the same locus as its effect; in this context, the unseen is the cause and pleasure or pain is the effect.
Cause and effect refers to: A principle refuted by some opponents who argue that events occur by chance rather than through defined causes... A philosophical relationship where the cause must reside in the same locus as its effect; in this context, the unseen is the cause and pleasure or pain is the effect.
5 concepts in 1 topics and 1 sources.
Udayana's argument refers to: A philosophical position claiming that specific cognitions are naturally related to particular objects, challenging opposing views... The perspective that statements are only valid when made by a reliable speaker, emphasizing the need for perceptual knowledge.
Udayana's argument refers to: A philosophical position claiming that specific cognitions are naturally related to particular objects, challenging opposing views... The perspective that statements are only valid when made by a reliable speaker, emphasizing the need for perceptual knowledge.
5 concepts in 1 topics and 1 sources.
Valid knowledge refers to: Knowledge that is logically and evidentially supported, crucial in the arguments presented for the existence of God... Knowledge that truthfully reveals an object as it exists, contrasted against invalid knowledge that misrepresents reality.
Valid knowledge refers to: Knowledge that is logically and evidentially supported, crucial in the arguments presented for the existence of God... Knowledge that truthfully reveals an object as it exists, contrasted against invalid knowledge that misrepresents reality.
5 concepts in 1 topics and 1 sources.
Causal relation refers to: The relationship between taking food and health, where taking food is identified as a cause of health, supporting the validity of inference... The connection whereby one event (the cause) produces another event (the effect), which is acknowledged in the context of both ordinary and extraordinary phenomena.
Causal relation refers to: The relationship between taking food and health, where taking food is identified as a cause of health, supporting the validity of inference... The connection whereby one event (the cause) produces another event (the effect), which is acknowledged in the context of both ordinary and extraordinary phenomena.
5 concepts in 1 topics and 1 sources.
Nyayakusumanjali refers to: A very elaborate work divided into five chapters, consisting of poetry and prose that presents the logic behind the author's views on God... A major work attributed to Udayana, aimed at establishing the existence of God, while critically engaging with Buddhist objections.
Nyayakusumanjali refers to: A very elaborate work divided into five chapters, consisting of poetry and prose that presents the logic behind the author's views on God... A major work attributed to Udayana, aimed at establishing the existence of God, while critically engaging with Buddhist objections.
4 concepts in 1 topics and 1 sources.
Source of knowledge refers to: Refers to the ways in which knowledge can be acquired, emphasizing that perception is not the only method... An origin of information or understanding, which in this context includes verbal testimony as a distinct category.
Source of knowledge refers to: Refers to the ways in which knowledge can be acquired, emphasizing that perception is not the only method... An origin of information or understanding, which in this context includes verbal testimony as a distinct category.
4 concepts in 1 topics and 1 sources.
Doctrine of momentariness refers to: A significant Buddhist doctrine that Udayana refuted in his work, asserting that even the self is not permanent... The belief, not accepted by the Carvaka, that all things, including the body, are impermanent and subject to change.
Doctrine of momentariness refers to: A significant Buddhist doctrine that Udayana refuted in his work, asserting that even the self is not permanent... The belief, not accepted by the Carvaka, that all things, including the body, are impermanent and subject to change.
4 concepts in 1 topics and 1 sources.
New creation refers to: The onset of a new cycle in the universe wherein the Veda may need to be reintroduced... The process that begins after the final destruction, indicating a cycle of existence and renewal.
New creation refers to: The onset of a new cycle in the universe wherein the Veda may need to be reintroduced... The process that begins after the final destruction, indicating a cycle of existence and renewal.
4 concepts in 1 topics and 1 sources.
Presumption (arthapatti) refers to: Admitted as pramana by the Mimamsaka, presumption explains a cognition that cannot be directly produced, facilitating the understanding of one meaning by assuming another... Presumption, referred to as arthapatti, is acknowledged as a means of valid cognition (pramana) that explains understanding when one meaning cannot be directly comprehended without assuming another meaning.
Presumption (arthapatti) refers to: Admitted as pramana by the Mimamsaka, presumption explains a cognition that cannot be directly produced, facilitating the understanding of one meaning by assuming another... Presumption, referred to as arthapatti, is acknowledged as a means of valid cognition (pramana) that explains understanding when one meaning cannot be directly comprehended without assuming another meaning.
4 concepts in 1 topics and 1 sources.
Unseen result refers to: An outcome of an action that is not immediately observable but is assumed to lead to effects like the attainment of a higher state of being or heaven... Unseen results are the outcomes of actions that are not immediately visible or determinable, but which produce effects regularly and at every moment.
Unseen result refers to: An outcome of an action that is not immediately observable but is assumed to lead to effects like the attainment of a higher state of being or heaven... Unseen results are the outcomes of actions that are not immediately visible or determinable, but which produce effects regularly and at every moment.
4 concepts in 1 topics and 1 sources.
Mimamsaka argument refers to: The Mimamsaka argument is a perspective opposing the idea of final destruction, asserting that such a final state does not exist... The contention that the validity of the Veda does not rely on a speaker, as it has no human origin.
Mimamsaka argument refers to: The Mimamsaka argument is a perspective opposing the idea of final destruction, asserting that such a final state does not exist... The contention that the validity of the Veda does not rely on a speaker, as it has no human origin.
4 concepts in 1 topics and 1 sources.
Carvaka view refers to: A heterodox philosophical stance that rejects the existence of God and limits valid knowledge to what can be perceived... The perspective held by the Carvaka school, a heterodox philosophical system in India, which questions the necessity of a distinct conscious self separate from the body.
Carvaka view refers to: A heterodox philosophical stance that rejects the existence of God and limits valid knowledge to what can be perceived... The perspective held by the Carvaka school, a heterodox philosophical system in India, which questions the necessity of a distinct conscious self separate from the body.
4 concepts in 1 topics and 1 sources.
Ordinary person refers to: An individual lacking extraordinary abilities or insights that sages possess, thus unable to claim knowledge of the Veda... Individuals who lack the direct knowledge of complex material causes needed to produce effects.
Ordinary person refers to: An individual lacking extraordinary abilities or insights that sages possess, thus unable to claim knowledge of the Veda... Individuals who lack the direct knowledge of complex material causes needed to produce effects.
4 concepts in 1 topics and 1 sources.
Vedic statement refers to: Statements of scripture that require an extraordinary speaker, thus establishing the necessity of God's existence... Statements found in the Veda that express various intentions, including those that mandate actions or prohibit them.
Vedic statement refers to: Statements of scripture that require an extraordinary speaker, thus establishing the necessity of God's existence... Statements found in the Veda that express various intentions, including those that mandate actions or prohibit them.
4 concepts in 1 topics and 1 sources.
Final destruction refers to: Final destruction refers to a hypothetical state where all experiences of pleasure and pain cease, and the world is completely absent, which is argued against as logically impossible... The ultimate end point of the universe when all entities, including the Veda, cease to exist temporarily.
Final destruction refers to: Final destruction refers to a hypothetical state where all experiences of pleasure and pain cease, and the world is completely absent, which is argued against as logically impossible... The ultimate end point of the universe when all entities, including the Veda, cease to exist temporarily.
4 concepts in 1 topics and 1 sources.
Scriptural statement refers to: Statements found in scriptures that claim a higher validity, requiring extraordinary knowledge for proper interpretation... Texts and doctrines that claim the existence of God, which are asserted to be valid and supported by logical arguments.
Scriptural statement refers to: Statements found in scriptures that claim a higher validity, requiring extraordinary knowledge for proper interpretation... Texts and doctrines that claim the existence of God, which are asserted to be valid and supported by logical arguments.
4 concepts in 1 topics and 1 sources.
Udayana's position refers to: The arguments presented by Udayana in favor of the existence of God and counterarguments against the opponents' claims about God being an agent... The argument put forth by Udayana regarding the necessity of God as the eternal speaker of the Veda to ensure its validity through cycles of creation.
Udayana's position refers to: The arguments presented by Udayana in favor of the existence of God and counterarguments against the opponents' claims about God being an agent... The argument put forth by Udayana regarding the necessity of God as the eternal speaker of the Veda to ensure its validity through cycles of creation.
4 concepts in 1 topics and 1 sources.
Mimamsa view refers to: The philosophical perspective that posits unseen results of actions reside in the objects of enjoyment, contrasting with the Nyaya perspective... A philosophical perspective that posits that various causes are interchangeable in producing effects, which is critiqued by Nyaya philosophers.
Mimamsa view refers to: The philosophical perspective that posits unseen results of actions reside in the objects of enjoyment, contrasting with the Nyaya perspective... A philosophical perspective that posits that various causes are interchangeable in producing effects, which is critiqued by Nyaya philosophers.
3 concepts in 1 topics and 1 sources.
Merit and demerit refers to: The outcomes of good or bad actions that normally characterize the production of a physical body in ordinary beings... Qualities located in the conscious agent that determine the enjoyment of actions' fruits.
Merit and demerit refers to: The outcomes of good or bad actions that normally characterize the production of a physical body in ordinary beings... Qualities located in the conscious agent that determine the enjoyment of actions' fruits.
3 concepts in 1 topics and 1 sources.
Nyaya-Vaisheshika School refers to: A philosophical school to which Udayana undoubtedly belongs, known for its distinct epistemological and metaphysical doctrines... Udayana belonged to the Nyaya-Vaisheshika school, which combined the tendencies of Nyaya and Vaisheshika into a single system starting from him.
Nyaya-Vaisheshika School refers to: A philosophical school to which Udayana undoubtedly belongs, known for its distinct epistemological and metaphysical doctrines... Udayana belonged to the Nyaya-Vaisheshika school, which combined the tendencies of Nyaya and Vaisheshika into a single system starting from him.
3 concepts in 1 topics and 1 sources.
Nonexistence of God refers to: A claim that can be supported by presumption, suggesting contradictions exist between God's attributes and his actions... The assertion made by some views that the absence of any pramana for God implies God does not exist.
Nonexistence of God refers to: A claim that can be supported by presumption, suggesting contradictions exist between God's attributes and his actions... The assertion made by some views that the absence of any pramana for God implies God does not exist.
3 concepts in 1 topics and 1 sources.
Admission of potency refers to: An acceptance of a separate category that Mimamsakas propose, suggesting that some inherent ability regulates experiences of pleasure and pain... The acceptance that a certain quality or ability to produce effects is necessary in a cause-effect relationship, which Nyaya challenges by arguing it is not essential.
Admission of potency refers to: An acceptance of a separate category that Mimamsakas propose, suggesting that some inherent ability regulates experiences of pleasure and pain... The acceptance that a certain quality or ability to produce effects is necessary in a cause-effect relationship, which Nyaya challenges by arguing it is not essential.
3 concepts in 1 topics and 1 sources.
Absence of grass refers to: The state in which grass is not present, which does not guarantee the absence of fire, as other causes may exist... A condition where the special fire produced by grass is not present, implying fire exists with a different speciality.
Absence of grass refers to: The state in which grass is not present, which does not guarantee the absence of fire, as other causes may exist... A condition where the special fire produced by grass is not present, implying fire exists with a different speciality.
3 concepts in 1 topics and 1 sources.
Absence of God refers to: A notion argued by opponents claiming that proofs exist which establish that God does not exist... The argument against the belief in God positing that if there is no extraordinary entity or pramana supporting its existence, then God cannot be accepted.
Absence of God refers to: A notion argued by opponents claiming that proofs exist which establish that God does not exist... The argument against the belief in God positing that if there is no extraordinary entity or pramana supporting its existence, then God cannot be accepted.
3 concepts in 1 topics and 1 sources.
Performance of sacrifice refers to: Acts leading to enjoyments in the other world that some argue can occur without the admission of God, contradicting the Nyaya perspective... The act of conducting a ritualistic offering which is believed to produce unseen results, including the attainment of heaven.
Performance of sacrifice refers to: Acts leading to enjoyments in the other world that some argue can occur without the admission of God, contradicting the Nyaya perspective... The act of conducting a ritualistic offering which is believed to produce unseen results, including the attainment of heaven.
3 concepts in 1 topics and 1 sources.
Indian philosophical tradition refers to: A cultural background within which early speculations about causality can be found, including discussions in ancient texts... A broader context within which Udayana's works are situated, reflecting ongoing dialogues and disputes among various philosophical schools.
Indian philosophical tradition refers to: A cultural background within which early speculations about causality can be found, including discussions in ancient texts... A broader context within which Udayana's works are situated, reflecting ongoing dialogues and disputes among various philosophical schools.
3 concepts in 1 topics and 1 sources.
God's existence refers to: The central theme of Udayana's Nyayakusumanjali, where he aims to provide sound arguments for the divine presence... The notion pointed out by Udayana, emphasizing the incapacity of any source of knowledge to disprove God's existence and supreme validity.
God's existence refers to: The central theme of Udayana's Nyayakusumanjali, where he aims to provide sound arguments for the divine presence... The notion pointed out by Udayana, emphasizing the incapacity of any source of knowledge to disprove God's existence and supreme validity.
3 concepts in 1 topics and 1 sources.
Separate pramana refers to: The assertion made by Udayana that verbal testimony should be recognized as its own category of knowledge distinct from inference... The need acknowledged in the text to recognize a distinct means of knowledge other than perception, necessary to understand nonexistence.
Separate pramana refers to: The assertion made by Udayana that verbal testimony should be recognized as its own category of knowledge distinct from inference... The need acknowledged in the text to recognize a distinct means of knowledge other than perception, necessary to understand nonexistence.
3 concepts in 1 topics and 1 sources.
Conscious agent refers to: The notion that consciousness can be considered an agent, which is contested in the text as being a false idea influenced by ego (ahamkara)... A being that possesses awareness and performs actions, opposed to the unconscious nature of buddhi according to Udayana.
Conscious agent refers to: The notion that consciousness can be considered an agent, which is contested in the text as being a false idea influenced by ego (ahamkara)... A being that possesses awareness and performs actions, opposed to the unconscious nature of buddhi according to Udayana.
3 concepts in 1 topics and 1 sources.
Verbal testimony refers to: The expression of knowledge through speech which requires an understanding by the speaker about the meaning of their statements... A source of knowledge (shabda) that is acknowledged by Nyaya and considered a part of inference by Vaisheshika.
Verbal testimony refers to: The expression of knowledge through speech which requires an understanding by the speaker about the meaning of their statements... A source of knowledge (shabda) that is acknowledged by Nyaya and considered a part of inference by Vaisheshika.
3 concepts in 1 topics and 1 sources.
Direct experience refers to: An empirical observation that modes of sound such as noise can exist temporarily, be produced, and subsequently cease to exist... A firsthand encounter with an object that provides evidence for the properties produced by cognition.
Direct experience refers to: An empirical observation that modes of sound such as noise can exist temporarily, be produced, and subsequently cease to exist... A firsthand encounter with an object that provides evidence for the properties produced by cognition.
3 concepts in 1 topics and 1 sources.
Positive category refers to: A category that represents a presence or existence of something, as opposed to its absence... A classification of entities that actively contribute or serve as causes in the production of effects.
Positive category refers to: A category that represents a presence or existence of something, as opposed to its absence... A classification of entities that actively contribute or serve as causes in the production of effects.
3 concepts in 1 topics and 1 sources.
Absurd position refers to: A logical outcome that results from denying the existence of God while acknowledging that effects must have agents, leading to contradictory conclusions... Udayana's critique of the Samkhya view that separates the properties of merit and demerit from the results experienced.
Absurd position refers to: A logical outcome that results from denying the existence of God while acknowledging that effects must have agents, leading to contradictory conclusions... Udayana's critique of the Samkhya view that separates the properties of merit and demerit from the results experienced.
3 concepts in 1 topics and 1 sources.
Preventive factor refers to: An element or condition, such as a spell in the case of fire, that is supposed to stop or hinder the production of an effect... Elements that inhibit or obstruct a process; in this text, they refer to the reasons why fire does not burn in the presence of a gem or a spell.
Preventive factor refers to: An element or condition, such as a spell in the case of fire, that is supposed to stop or hinder the production of an effect... Elements that inhibit or obstruct a process; in this text, they refer to the reasons why fire does not burn in the presence of a gem or a spell.
3 concepts in 1 topics and 1 sources.
Particular Potency refers to: The specific capability or quality inherent in certain substances that enables them to interact with fire to produce burning... In the Mimamsaka view, this refers to a specific quality or ability of objects that influences individual experiences of pleasure and pain.
Particular Potency refers to: The specific capability or quality inherent in certain substances that enables them to interact with fire to produce burning... In the Mimamsaka view, this refers to a specific quality or ability of objects that influences individual experiences of pleasure and pain.
3 concepts in 1 topics and 1 sources.
Single cause refers to: The notion that all effects can be produced from one primary reason, which Udayana refutes by highlighting the presence of multiple factors... The proposition that even if there is one root cause, it can still yield various effects due to its inherent potencies.
Single cause refers to: The notion that all effects can be produced from one primary reason, which Udayana refutes by highlighting the presence of multiple factors... The proposition that even if there is one root cause, it can still yield various effects due to its inherent potencies.
3 concepts in 1 topics and 1 sources.
Four pramanas refers to: The position established by Udayana which states that there are only four recognized means of knowledge within the Nyaya system... The four accepted means of obtaining knowledge in Nyaya philosophy, which Udayana defends against opponents who propose additional means or reject their necessity.
Four pramanas refers to: The position established by Udayana which states that there are only four recognized means of knowledge within the Nyaya system... The four accepted means of obtaining knowledge in Nyaya philosophy, which Udayana defends against opponents who propose additional means or reject their necessity.
3 concepts in 1 topics and 1 sources.
Udayana's refutation refers to: The argument put forth by Udayana to challenge the views of Carvaka and other philosophical systems, highlighting the discrepancies in their positions regarding consciousness and the self... Udayana's argument against the Vaisheshika perspective, advocating for the recognition of verbal testimony as a distinct source of knowledge.
Udayana's refutation refers to: The argument put forth by Udayana to challenge the views of Carvaka and other philosophical systems, highlighting the discrepancies in their positions regarding consciousness and the self... Udayana's argument against the Vaisheshika perspective, advocating for the recognition of verbal testimony as a distinct source of knowledge.
3 concepts in 1 topics and 1 sources.
Samkhya view refers to: The philosophical stance asserting that all entities are composed of three qualities: sattva, rajas, and tamas... The perspective that incorrectly assigns agency to buddhi, which Udayana argues against.
Samkhya view refers to: The philosophical stance asserting that all entities are composed of three qualities: sattva, rajas, and tamas... The perspective that incorrectly assigns agency to buddhi, which Udayana argues against.
3 concepts in 1 topics and 1 sources.
Logical position refers to: Udayana's assertion that each person's experiences of pleasure and pain are unique and confined to that individual's self, avoiding shared experiences... A reasoning framework described as justifiable and sound, particularly in relation to the claim that Nyaya recognizes four pramanas, which is maintained as superior to others.
Logical position refers to: Udayana's assertion that each person's experiences of pleasure and pain are unique and confined to that individual's self, avoiding shared experiences... A reasoning framework described as justifiable and sound, particularly in relation to the claim that Nyaya recognizes four pramanas, which is maintained as superior to others.
3 concepts in 1 topics and 1 sources.
Separate category refers to: Refers to the classification of potency (Shakti) as distinct from other elements or factors in the process of causation... The Mimamsa concept that implies potency exists as an independent element, which Udayana refutes.
Separate category refers to: Refers to the classification of potency (Shakti) as distinct from other elements or factors in the process of causation... The Mimamsa concept that implies potency exists as an independent element, which Udayana refutes.
3 concepts in 1 topics and 1 sources.
Infinite regress refers to: The problem that arises when a cause itself requires a further cause, leading to an endless chain of causes... The fallacy or philosophical problem where each effect requires a further cause, leading to an endless sequence without a starting point.
Infinite regress refers to: The problem that arises when a cause itself requires a further cause, leading to an endless chain of causes... The fallacy or philosophical problem where each effect requires a further cause, leading to an endless sequence without a starting point.
3 concepts in 1 topics and 1 sources.
Indian philosophy refers to: A philosophical approach that emphasizes the importance of not only refuting opponents' views but also defending one's own position... A tradition that is ancient and has developed through various deep thoughts and views, notable for its accumulation of philosophical literature and systems.
Indian philosophy refers to: A philosophical approach that emphasizes the importance of not only refuting opponents' views but also defending one's own position... A tradition that is ancient and has developed through various deep thoughts and views, notable for its accumulation of philosophical literature and systems.