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43. Some Verses about the Kayastha-Parabhus composed by Kesava Pandita by the Order of King Sambhaji, Son of Shivaji - c. A. D. 1675 * In a work called the Parabhu-prakarana' which contains an account of the Parabhu gramanya of A. D. 1747 during the reign of the Maratha King Shahu, grandson of Shivaji, some 33 verses are quoted as the composition of Sambhuraja or Sambhaji ("c- :"). The Parabhu-prakarana is a work of anonymous authorship 2 composed by some one after A. D. 1759 and before about A. D. 1800.3 In view of these verses appearing in a later work removed more than 100 years from Sambhaji's death in A. D. * Annals (B, O. R. Institute), Vol. XX, pp. 235-248. 1. Two Mss of this work are available to me viz. (1) No 567 of 1883-84 and (2) a Ms in the Limaye Collection of the B. O. R. Institute. - 2. Verse 1 at the beginning reads:- 66 'srisiddhibuddhisahitam pranamya gananayakam | kenacidvidusa rucya likhyate parabhukatha | " The B. O. R. I. Ms (No. 567 of 1883-84) of the TT has the following closing verse:- 66 ittham tu parabhuvrttamabhucchahi prasasati | smrtyartham tat phakkikabhirabadhnat kopi pamditah || " It will thus be seen that the author of the work has taken sufficient care to keep himself anonymous. Both the above verses occur in the Calcutta copy of the work made by in A. D. 1810 (Saka 1732). Vide Mitra's Notices, X., p. 296. 3. The Calcutta Ms of the work is dated Saka 1732 = A. D. 1810 (Vide P. 296 of Mitra's Notices, Vol. X, 1892) Ms No. 4198. The latest date mentioned in Limaye Ms of the T is Saka 1681 (A. D. 1759), (349)

their authorship as mentioned in the Parabhi- prakarana' is open to challenge. We must, therefore, record and discuss these verses to enable the students of the Maratha history to form their own judgment on the question of the authorship of these verses. The text of these verses based on the two Mss of the Parabhu-prakarana available to me reads as follows:Folio 6 - 66 srima (tu )" chambhurajakrta sloka yatha || asit prthivyam sivabhupa imdro virajamanah sacivairyathendrah | prasa yasmai bhavanasya rajyam dattam hi lokanavitum bhavanyah || 1 || tasyatmajah sakalasastra vicarasilah srisambhurajanrpatih susilah | ayodhanerjuna ' vakhilasampradane karnah "sariramadanasca manusyaloke || 2 || asitpamcavate * ramye nagare sivanirmite | balaji parabhuh " kascitkayastho nrpalekhakah || 3 || 1. Cf. Kayastha- Parabhi-Dharmadarsa of Nilakantha Vinayaka Thatte composed between A. D. 1823 and 1827 ( pp. 129-139 of the four. of Ori. Research Madras, Vol. XIII, part II, April - June 1939). This work was composed possibly in connection with the Parabhu-grama nya of A. D. 1823 with which Balajipant Natu of Poona was closely associated. (Vide camdraseniya kayasthaprabhu assala ajnapatrem by T. V. Gupte, Poona, 1918 - The ajnapatra of Samkaracarya published here on pp. 1-21 is dated Saka 1748 = A. D. 1826. Nilakantha sastri mentioned in this is identical with the author of the Kayastha-Parabhu Dharmadarsa. On p. 21 of this we read pune mukkami nilakamtha sastri prabhrti brahmanamni agrahi tamga karuna dona varse tada paduna duphali keli hoti " etc. 2. The text in the Limaye Ms is reproduced above. Variants of this text as found in B. O. R. I. Ms No. 567 of 1883-84 will be recorded in the foot-notes. 6 3. srimat sambhu 4. idayo for indro . 5. prasrtya for prasahya 6. bhuvanasya for bhavanasya 7. bhavantah for bhavanyah . 8. sambhusamjno nrpatih sutaram for sambhuraja- nrpatih 9. 'rjuna ivakhilasat for 掳rjuna va khilamsat . 10. sariri for sarira . * jayarama kavi uses " pamcavadapure " for " pamcavate nagare " (Vide p. 25 of parnala pahanakhyana ed. by. S. M. Divekar). 11. param for parabhuh .

tatputrah khandanamasitkartum tasthopanathanam | matim krtva sivam prastum balaji parabhutah || 4 || baddhamjali 'nrpasyagre sthitva karyam nyavedayat | khandanamno hyupanaya ' kriyate svo matha prabho || 5 || dase mayi dayam krtva gamtavyam mantribhih saha | iti srutva sivo bhupah pratyuvaca mahamatih || 6 || samyaguktam tathapyetat prastavyam sambhave bhupe | tadajnayeva kartavyam nodvighno bhavisyati || 7 || ityuktah sivabhupena balaji parabhu mamda | sambhu bhupam samayatah prastum putropanayanam || 8 || rajatam caksatam ' patram sthapitam sambhusamnnidhau | tato rajabravidvakyam karyam kim casti svadgrhe || 9 || iti srutva rajavakyam balajiravadan muda | maumjibamdhah khamdanamnah kriyate svo maya prabho || 10 || ajna deya maharaja yatastvarasevakosmyaham | agamtavyam ca sacivaih saha sevakamamdape || 1 || iti srutva sambhurajo dharmajnah sastra 'kovidah | pratyuvaca maharajah kayastham sviyasamsadi || 12 || 10 upaniyetyadya vakyai rsibhirvratabamdhane | adhikaro dvijasyaiva prokto nanyasya kasyacit || 13 || na ca srutam naiva drstam kayasthasyopanayanam | samyaguhya "dito rajye tvaya dharmaviparyaya || 14 || vipranam mekhala maumji dhanurjya ksatriyasya ca " | vaisyanam mekhala cavi 14 bhavatam kasya mekhala || 15 || yuyam ke kasca damdosti kidrsam copanayanam | karne kimupadisyeta hyanustata dvijasca kah || 16 || anusthanakramah kasca kalpitosti tava dvijaih | 15 vaktavyam sastratah sarvam pascat tatkriyatam muda || 17 || iti bhupoditam vakyam srutva hrdayabhedakam | nottaram pradadau kimcidvalaji tatra samsadi || 18 || 1. baddhvamjali . 5. parabha . 2. haghupanayah 3. prastavyam sambhubhupateh . 4. tadajnayaiva . 6. sambhu . 7. caksata . 8. kim karya casti te grhe . 9. sastra . 10. mahaprajnah 11. samyagutpadito, 12. dharmaviparyayah 13. tu . 14. tvavi . 15. kriyatam 351 351

tatah provaca matiman sambhu ' bhupo mahayasah | srotavyah pamditaih sarvairesam dharmah sanatanah || 19 || ete samkarakayasthah pamcasamskarasamskrtah | namo mamtrenaiva coktam karmaisam kriyate dvijaih || 20 || mamsasanah surapana nirdaya lokapidakah | dalbhyaikagotrenanyonyam vivahah kriyate khilaih || 21 || [ vyakhya kayasthasabdasya rsinosanasadita | kakat laukhyam yamat kraurya sthapaterdrdhaghatita || 22 || adyaksarani samgrhya kayasthah kena nirmitah | kayasthenodarasthena matrmamsam na bhaksitam || 23 || ma janihi dayalutvam tatra heturadamtata ' | evam sarngadharenoktam krtina munisammatam || 24 || ]* punarbhavam vivahasca patakhyah sarvasammatah | prasutaya api punajamyate natra samsayah || 25 || bhayam ramaji parabhu vartate mama sevakah | etasya bhagini casti dvitrivaram vivahita || 26 || sudra api jalam naiva pibatyasam grhe kvacit | evam sanatano dharmah kayasthanam pradrsyate || 27 || [ sahyadrikhamde parabhukayasthotpattiririta | anvartha muniputraya vedavratavipascite || 28 || ] + masamsinah surapasya kayasthasyopanayanam | karttavyamiti ko bruyachivaraje prasasati || 29 || pamca samskaratiriktam karmaisam yah karisyati | sa vipro rajadamdya ' syat bahiskaryamsca sarvatah || 30 || itirita sambhunrpena vakyam srutva sabhayam dvijamamditayam | vinirgatodhomukha eva tasmat balaji nama svagrham vivesa || 31 || 1. sambhu . 2. sodita . 3. ca. 4. tada . * Verses 22, 23, and 24 are omitted in the B. I. S. Mandal copy of the Parabhu- Katha supplied by Mr. R. K. Patankar of Rajapur. 5. jayate . 6. pibamtyesa t + Verse 28 omitted in the B. I. S. Mandal copy. 7. rajadamdi . 8. bahiskari ca .

tatotiduhkhitah ' sarvan maujibamdharthamagatan | visasarja suhrdvarthan nabhu maumjiyutah sisuh || 32 || ittham sambhunrpo dharmah ' kayasthanamayibhavat ' | nrpajnaya nyabadhnatamartham kesavapamditah || 33 || 353 evamanyepi parabhukayasthanam kulacaranirnayah sloka santi paramtu vistrti ' bhayam natra ' likhitah " In the B. O. R. I. Ms (No. 567 of 1883-1884) of the Parabhiprakarana the following colophon has been written in the topmargin of folio 11陋 as an addition after verse 33 :- 66 iti sri sambhurajajnaya sambhurajasabhayam vidvajjanasaha kesava pamditakrta- kayasthaparabhunirnayah || sake 1597 raksasanamasamvatsare taddini ramacamdrajyotirvida kalyanasthena likhitam " The above colophon suggests that the verses quoted above were copied from some Ms having the above colophon which states the following important particulars :- (1) The title of the verses taken together was kayasthaparabhunirnaya . (2) The verses were composed by adfea by the order of sambhuraja or Sambhaji in consultation with other learned men of the court of Sambhaji. (3) The verses were copied by one Ramacandra Jyotirvid or Joshi of Kalyana in Saka 1597 or A. D. 1675. This colophon also suggests that the Mss of kayasthaparabhunirnaya by Kesava Pandita ( from which verses were reproduced in the parabhu- prakarana ) actually existed, one such copy having been made in A. D. 1675 as proved by the above colophon. The year of the Kalyana copy of Kesava Pandita's work viz. A. D. 1675 (Saka 1597 ) seems to show that this copy was prepared in the very year in which the Parabhu gramanya of Saka 1597 took place according to a documents dated A. D. 1873 which gives some 1. duhkhitah 2. nabhunmaumji yatah sisoh . 3. dharma . 4. mabhasata 5. nrpajnayatha badhva tamartha 6. vistrti 7. bhayannatra . 8. Sources of Maratha History by Rajawade, Khanda VI, P. 523 " (4) cavathem gramanya kalyana pramti jalem, tyajala raghunathapamdita amatyamci patre neuna nirakarna kelem sake 15975 Bololo. 23

particulars about 9 Parabhu gramanyas, the 4 th of which took place at Kalyana in Saka 1595 = A. D. 1675. The identity of subject matter, date and place as proved by the B. O. R. I. Ms colophon and the list published by Rajawade is not a mere coincidence and hence it retains its evidential value unless contradicted by stronger contemporary evidence. The contents of the 33 verses quoted already may be briefly indicated as follows:Balaji Prabhu of the Kayastha caste hailed from the village Pancvad founded by Shivaji. He was a scribe to Shivaji. Balaji wanted to perform the Munja ceremony of his son Khanda' and made arrangements accordingly. He went to Shivaji with an invitation for the Munja ceremony. Shivaji directed Balaji to follow the advice of Sambhaji in this matter of the performance of the Munja ceremony of his son. He, therefore approached Sambhaji and invited him to attend the ceremony. He also sought his order for performing the ceremony. Sambhaji refused to allow the performance of the ceremony, as according to the Sastras the Kayasthas could not do so. Thereupon Balaji returned home rather disappointed and then dispersed his friends and relatives that had gathered at his house for the Munja ceremony. Kesava Pandita composed by royal order these verses containing the substance of Sambhaji's advice to Balaji Parabhu. I am inclined to believe that Kesava Pandita who composed the verses under discussion is identical with Kesava Pandita, the author of the Rajarama Carita published by Mr. V. S. Bendre. In fact the following verse 22 of Sarga IV (p. 42) of this poem composed by this Pandita refers to Khando Ballala, who is no other than master Khanda, the Son of Balaji Parabhu mentioned in the verses (Circa A. D. 1675) :- ' khando ballalamukhyasca kayasthascitraguptajah | camdrasenanvayascanye sridalbhyakrtagopanah || 22 || 1. Khando Ballal Chitnis died in A. D. 1726 (vide p. 263 of Marathi Riyasat (Part II, Vol. IV, 1922) by G. S. Sardesai. His son Govind Khando (A. D. 1716-85) was a Chitnis to Raja Shahu. 2. Balaji Avji became Chitnis to Shivaji in Saka 1570 = A. D. 1648. This date is given in the Bakhar of Malhar Ramrao and in the Sivapratapa but the Fedhe Chronology has no mention of it (vide p. 203 of faqs. N. Joshi's article).

This verse tells us that in the expedition of Rajarama Chatrapati to Jinji in A. D. 1690 Khando Ballala and other men of his caste were present. This caste is specified by our author by the adjectives kayasthah citraguptajah, camdrasenanvayah " and " dalbhyakrtagopanah " The origin of the Candraseniya Kayastha Parabhus as specified by the above adjectives in the Rajarama Carita is analogous to that mentioned in the Sahyadri Khanda of the Skandapurana; but it is difficult to assert that Kesava Pandita had before him a the text of the Sahyadrikhanda as we find it today.' Now let us consider the chronology of Khando Ballala Chitnis and Kesava Pandita in parallel columns:Kesava Pandita = KP A. D. A. D. 1648 Khando Ballala = KB Khando's father Balaji became Chitnis to Shivaji (according to Chitnis Bakhar and Shivapratapa). KP composed some ver- C 1675 C 1675 Probable date of the proses by order of Sambhaji about the Kaystha Parabhus. posed Munja ceremony of KB KP received 1600 laris 1684 1681-89 KB from Sambhaji KP's signature occurs 1686 in a document of 16-3-1686 (Rajawade Khanda VIII, 40) was Chitnis Sambhaji. to " 1. Verse 22 states sahayadrikhamde parabhukayasthotpattiririta " but this verse is omitted in the Rajapur Ms of the Kayastha-Parabhu-Nirnaya which appears to me to be the oldest Ms of the work. In fact its owner Mr. R. K. Patankar calls it ":" in the versified endorsement on its copy supplied by him to the B. I. S. Mandal, Poona. The date of the Sahyadrikhanda is still a matter for investigation though it appears to have been composed before A. D. 1700.

Kesava Pandita = KP A. D. A. D. KP composed Rajarama 1690 carita which refers to KB in IV, 22 Ramacandra Nilakantha 1692 asks the Havaldar of Sangmeshvar to hand over certain lands to KP (Peshwa Daftar 31-Letter No. 53 dated 27-3-1692) Date of KP's death on 22 nd February 1718 (Saturday) according to the genealogy of the Purohita family in my possession (Saka 1640 Phalgun Shuddha 2) This date needs corroboration from other sources. 66 " In a grant from Sambhu Chatrapati to KP's son Ramachandrabhat dated Wednesday, 26 th February 1718 we read :- kesavabhata nidhana pavale . (A copy of this Grant is in my possession as supplied by Devarukh court on 10 th February 1931). 1690 1718 1718 Khando Ballal KB = KB accompanied Rajarama to Jinji with some men of his caste. Death of KB's friend Parashuram Tryambak Pratinidhi (p. 288 of History of Satara Pratinidhis, Vol. I, 1924). 1726 Death of KB. The above chronology makes it highly probable that the 33 verses' recorded in this paper are the geuine composition of " 1. The Bharata Itihasa Samshodhak Mandal, Poona, contains a copy of these verses under the designation " parabhu katha . This copy was supplied to the Mandal by Mr. Raghunatha Krishna Patankar of Rajapur (Ratnagiri Dist.). Verses 22. 23, 24 and 28 are omitted in (Continued on the next page)

Kesava Pandita, the author of the Rajaramacarita. If this view is accepted the importance of these verses will be easily recognized especially in view of the fact that no other original work of this author except the Rajaramacarita (edited by Mr. V. S. Bendre ) has been so far discovered and published. As Kesava Pandita was closely connected with Sri Shivaji Maharaja and also his sons Sambhaji and Rajarama, an effort should be made by all interested in the Maratha history to search for more information about the life and works of this important personality who lived, moved and had his being in the personal presence of the three outstanding Chatrapatis between A. D. 1650 and 1700. P. S. (1) Kesava Pandita appears to have compiled a work on Dharmasastra called Dharmakalpalata for King Sambhaji, son of Shivaji. A portion of this work called af is represented by a copy preserved in the Tanjore Mss Library (Ms No. 536 Vide Burnell's Catalogue p. 141 - " dandaniti prakarana from nitimanjari of sambhuraja ). This copy was made for Shamji Nayaka Punde in the year ' dundubhi ' which corresponds to A. D. 1682. Mr. V. S. Bendre informs me that Shamaji Nayak Punde was appointed (Continued from the previous page) this copy so that the Parabhu-Katha contains 29 verses in all instead of the 33 verses recorded in this paper. This copy ends - iti sri sambhurajajnaya sivarajasabhayam vidvajjana kesava pamditakrta kayasthaparabhunirnayah || iti sri parabhukatha samaptimagamat || Then follows a Sanskrit versified endorsement by Mr. Patankar as follows :- 66 'vinyastaiva pratikrtirjarajarjaravasmarnah | likhitayah patrikayascirasamsthitihetuna || patanakara kulodbhutasrimatkrsnatanujusa | raghunathena vidusam srimatamanuyayina || amgirovatsare mase sucau sukle'hni somaje | trtiyayam hi grismartau dyudva samsthe divakare | pratimantarametarhi vihitam hi maya punah | sri bharatetihasiyamamdalartham trtiyake | mase sukla dvitiyayam sayahne bhaumavasare| akasa va bhusake'bde bahudhanyake || raghunathena vedoktadharmamargavalambina | samtusyad bhagavamstena dharmo'smakam sanatanah || "

Subhedar of Karnataka in A. D. 1682, the very year in which the above copy was prepared for him. The above Ms begins :- 88 || sriganesaya namah || prasannavadanam ramam nidhaya hrdi kesavah | dharmakalpalata siddhayai tanute nitimanjarim || 1 || sriganesaya namah || jayatyasau sambhu ma ( hi ) mahendrah prakhyatakirtih priyadharmamurtih | danena yasyakhila ...prasarthah The Ms ends :- 88 iti sasvatkrta sukhino bhavanti || 2 || manvadi sastrani vicarya samyak tatha nibamdhamsca mitaksaradin | sari (?) samadaya tatasca tena nibadhyatesminkhalu dandanitih || 3 || " srimanmaharajadhirajaksatriyakulavatamsasimhasanadhisvara srisambhurajachatra- pativiracite gramthe budhabhusane srimatpurohitadamodara bhattatmaja kesavapamdita viracita- dharmakalpalatamtargata nitimamjaya damdanitiprakaranam || srirastu || sriramaya namah || sake rajyabhisekiye dumdubhasamvatsare lihamidam pustakam | dandanitivyavaharamanjari srisamaji nayaka pundyopanamnam granthah patra- samkhya 31 || " The above Ms is described under the title in the Descriptive Catalogue of Tanjore Mss, Vol. XVIII (1934), p. 8665 No. 18737. A second copy of the work is indicated as No 18738 but not described. A work called gccc is edited by Prof. H. D. Velankar for B. O. R. Institute ( 1926 ). Mr. V. S. Bendre intends to publish in the near future the faa referred to above so that we shall have before us three works of Kesava Pandita viz. (1) rajaramacaritam ( A. D. 1690 ), ( 2 ) dandanitiprakarana ( before A. D. 1682) and (3) kayasthaparabhunirnaya ( A. D. 1675 ). ( 2 ) - As the march of Rajarama Chatrapati to Jinji in 1690 became the subject of the poem Rajaramacarita by Kesava Pandita in the M aratl a country, the siege of Jinji (1689-1697) appears to have captured the imagination of the people in the south so as to become the subject of a Mono- Drama in Tamil called " Seyda-KKadi Nondi-Natakam " (Ed. with Notes and English Introduction

by Dr. S. M. H. Nainar, University of Madras, Annals of Oriental Research, 1939, Vol. IV, Part 1). This is a drama of the lame man, who sings in honour of Seyda-K-Kadi, a generous patron of Tamil poets, both Hindu and Muslim. This patron was a great friend of Vijaya Raghunath Tevar alias Kilvan Setupati, (1674-1710). The author of the drama appears to have been a convert to Islam. The lame man gives in the drama his autobiography in which he recounts his adventurous journey to Jinji where the war between the Mughals and the Marathas was in full blaze after the execution of Sambhaji Chatrapati in A. D. 1689. The drama contains a contemporary picture in words of the Siege of Jinji and is full of references to contemporary Mughal commanders under Zulfiqarkhan and the Maratha commanders under Rajarama Chatrapati. He refers to Rajarama in the following manner: "At Jinji, great among the far-famed cities, lived the son of Shivaji Raja, the lion to his foes, at whose feet the enemies prostrate. He was a stern upholder of justice. He was gifted with a beaming face and an attractive personality. He was addicted to the pleasures of life." We must remember that this is a contemporary picture of Rajarama's personality by a Muslim convert and hence should possess some historical value for the students of the Maratha history. This Mono-Drama in Tamil edited for the first time by Dr. Nainar with an excellent historical introduction and based on only one Ms in the Govt. Oriental Library, Madras, deserves to be translated into Marathi or English for the benefit of the people of the Maharastra. May I suggest to the Bharata Itihasa Samshodhak Mandal, Poona, to include such a translation of this Mono-Drama in its project of the Sources of Maratha History? As this institution has already published some volumes of the Canarese and Persian sources of the Maratha History, the publication of this Tamil source in the form of a translation will enrich our knowledge of this period. As Dr. Nainar observes the author of the Drama "sends the hero to Jinji and through him has contributed in his own way some interesting materials which help us in our historical studies." [In the Sahendravilasa-Kavya we find a reference to the siege of Jinji (vide p. 187 ff of Indian Antiquary, 1904). This poem was composed by Sridhara Venkatesa. Rajaram received help from the then Raja of Tanjore :- " balairmaharaja bhavannidisterdillindra sainyani vidaritani | A CIACIA禄 aurfuyawazafa wai ngat qa:ft: || " ]

[I have compared the Limaye Ms (of the Kayastha-Parabhu Nirnayy of Kesava Pandita -33 verses) with the Patankar Ms of this work ( copy preserved in the B. I. S. Mandal). The variants of the Patankar Ms are noted below with respect to each verse. The Patankar Ms appears to represent the contemporary of the work ]. * text Limaye Ms verse No. Patankar Ms verse No. 1 1 8 9 2 2 d - 3 3 a - 4 4 6 6 7 7 89 Variants in Patankar Ms a - asta for asit ; idayo for indro 'manassaciva ' for manah sacivai b C d - - - bhuvanaya for bhavanasya 'mavitu for navitum ; bhavanyam for bhavanyah b - srisambhusamjna for srisambhuraja '; Adds subhagah before susilah C - - ivakhila for vakhila sariri for sarira asti for asat b - sivalekhakah for nrpalekhakah a - namasti for 'namasit ; nayaka for 'nayanam a - krpam for dayam ; 掳ssgantavyam for gantavyam b - mahadyutih for mahamatih a - param tvetat for tathapyetat ; sambhubhupateh for sambhave bhupe b - tadajnayava for tadajnayeva a - parabhu for parabhu b - sambhubhupam for sabhum bhupa a. aksatapatram for aksatam patram b - kim karya kriyate svaya for karya ki casti tvadgrhe * Kesava Pandita has recorded in his verses the decision of Sambhaji Maharaja about the right of the Kayastha Parabhus to perform the Munja ceremony. His references to contemporary persons should, therefore, be naturally indicated by the use of the form " asti " as found uniformly in the Patankar Ms ( = P ) instead of the form " asit " as used in the Limaye Ms ( = L). The following examples will make the point clear :- " Verse 1 - (P) - " asti prthivyam sivabhupah " for (L) - " asit prthivyam etc. " (Continued on the next page)

Limaye Ms Patankar Ms verse No. verse No. 10 10 a 1231 1231 14 14 1622 15 15 16 17 17 20 20 21 21 22... Omitted 23... 24... 30 31 32 62 22222 22222 b b ADDAD a - - - Variants in Patankar Ms 鈥� hyavadattada for 'ravandamuda mahaprajnah for maharajah prokta for prokto naiva srutam for na ca srutam 361 b - 'gutpadito for guhyadito ; viparyayah for 'viparyaya b - mekhala tvaci for mekhala cava ; bhavato for bhavatam a b - kasya for kasca kriyatam sukham for kriyatam muda a 鈥� kayasthajatiyah for samkarakayasthah - " b reads " etesam namamamtrena karma proktam vidhiyate " b - gotrato for gotrena 25 26 23 222 22 a a 27 24 28 Omitted 29 33 2222 29 29 - vivaho'sti for vivahasca - parabhurvartate gramalekhakah for parabhu vartate mama sevakah a - pibamtpesam grhe'dhuna for pibatyesam grhe kvacit b b DURAD a - - - 'cchivaraje for chivaraje syadvahiskarica for syat bahiskaryasva b - nijasammatayam for dvijamamditayam atiduhkhitah for atiduhkhitah nabhunmaumji yatah sisoh for nabhu maumjiyutah sisuh b a - - dharma for dharmah ; kayasthanamabhasata for kayasthanamayibhavat b - rajajnaya nyabadhnattam for nrpajnaya nyabadhnatam N. B. :- Those who are interested in the history of caste disputes about the Kayastha Prabhus may rcad with profit (1) raja- vadayamci gagabhatti by K. T. Gupte, Poona, 1919 and (2) camdraseniya kayastha prabhu gramanya prakaranamtila pamca assala ajnapatre by T. V. Gupte, Poona, 1918. (Continued from the previous page) Verse 3 - (P) - "asti pamcavate ramye nagare " for (L) - "asit pamcavate " etc. Verse 4 - ( P ) - " tatputrah khamda namasti " for (L) - " khamdanamasit etc."

In the Appendix to the first of these publications the author has published the following works and documents of historical value:- (1) kayasthadharmadipa by gagabhatta ( pp. 1-23 ). (2) kayasthadharmapradipa by gagabhatta (pp. 24-31) Mr. Gupte states that the pradipa is a sort of supplement to the 'dipa (p. 31 ). (3) Letter dated A. D. 1779 from the Pandits of Benares. (4) ajnapatra from Peshwa Bajirao Raghunathrao to the Brahmans. (5) Letter from the Benares Pandits dated A. D. 1801. (6) Letter dated A. D. 1836 from the Karvir Jagadguru. (7) Letter dated A. D. 1831 from the Sankesvara Jagadguru. (8) Letter dated A. D. 1839 from the Srngeri Jagadguru. (9) Letter dated A. D. 1913 from the Karvir Jagadguru. List of Persons, Places and works mentioned in the KayasthaParabhu-Nirnaya composed by Kesava Pandita in c. A. D. 1675 by the order of Sambhaji : sivabhupa - fa Shivaji Maharaja (1, 2, 6, 8, 29) died A. D. 1680. - sambhuraja A. D. 1689. Sambhaji Maharaja (2, 7, 8, 9, 12, 19, 31, 33) died pamcavata nagara - Pacvad at the foot of Raigad fort, called fa (3) known as Vadi Pacad. Balaji Avaji (3, 4, 10, 18, 31 ) became Chitnis to Shivaji c. A. D. 1648. khanda - Son of Balaji Avaji, commonly known as Khando Balla! Chitnis (died in 1726 ) (4, 5, 10). dalbhyagotra Gotra of the Kayasthas (21). - - Sage (22). Sage (24). - (26) called by Sambaji as " :." According to Rajapur Ms he is called ":" by Sambhaji. sahyadri khamda kesava pamdita - Part of the Skandaprana (28). (38) He composed the Kayastha-Parabhu-Nirnaya verses, numbering 29 (according to the Rajapur MS) and 33

(according to the Limaye Ms and the B. O. R. I. Govt. Ms No. 567 of 1883-84). He is also the author of the a edited by Mr. V. S. Bendre. His dates range from A. D. 1675 to 1718 a period of 43 years but he must have been at least 25 years old when he composed the verses under reference in A. D. 1675. This calculation would give us a life-time of 68 years for him. His birth date may lie between A. D. 1640 and 1645 but we require evidence on this point.