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Apart from all these literary merits, 痴颈艣腻办丑补诲补迟迟补鈥檚 drama is decorated with a huge number of Subh膩艣itas that make his work great advisory and a navigator to the society. While enumerating the convenience of 狈腻峁瓂补 in the very first chapter of the 狈腻峁瓂补艣膩stra, Bharata states that 狈腻峁瓂补 will relate to actions of men, good, bad and indifferent and will give courage, amusement and happiness and counsel to them all.

The drama will thus be instructive to all, through actions and states depicted in it, and through sentiments arising out of it. Cf.鈥�

uttam膩dhamamadhy膩n膩峁� nar膩峁嚹佱箖 karmasa峁兣況aya峁�/
hitopade艣ajanana峁� dh峁泃ikr墨岣嵞乻ukh膩dik峁泃//^[1]

Thus perhaps following the word of Bharata, 痴颈艣腻办丑补诲补迟迟补 has chosen the maxims used in our common parlance which are meant to attract the attention of the audience.

Moreover, 惭补尘尘补峁璦 in description of his 办腻惫测补辫谤补测辞箩补苍补 has included a word, i.e. 惫测补惫补丑腻谤补惫颈诲别^[2] which indicates that it is the 办腻惫测补 that can give us the most practical knowledge of the society. Therefore, by including a great number of 厂耻产丑腻峁�i迟补蝉, 痴颈艣腻办丑补诲补迟迟补 not only has made the drama more palatable one, but it has become the mirror of the society. Let us give an estimate of the 厂耻产丑腻峁�i迟补蝉 used in the drama.

i. List of 厂耻产丑腻峁�i迟补蝉 (alphabetically) occured in the prose portion:

1. aty膩dara岣� 艣a峁卥an墨ya岣�:

Extreme courtesy raises suspicion.

2. adhik膩rapada峁� hi 苍腻尘补 nirdo峁�asy膩pi puru峁�asya mahad膩艣a峁卥膩sth膩na峁�:

A post of authority is indeed, a source of great fear even for an innocent man

3. anucita upac膩ro h峁沝ayasya paribhav膩dapi mahad du岣�khamutp膩dayati:

Undeserved courtesy shown to a man grieves the heart even more than an open insult.

4. 补尘补苍迟谤补耻峁�a诲丑颈办耻艣补濒辞 惫测腻濒补驳谤腻丑墨 pramatto mata峁単aj膩rohi labdh膩dhik膩ro jitak膩艣墨 谤腻箩补蝉别惫补办补岣� ityete trayo鈥檖yava艣ya峁� vin膩艣amanubhavanti:

The snake charmer not versed in mantras and herbs, the rider of an intoxicated elephant without the knowledge of restraining it and a servant of the king who brags of success on getting into office-these three surely meet with ruin.

5. ayamaparo ga峁囜笉asyopari 蝉辫丑辞峁璦:This is indeed a fresh boil on the carbuncle.

6. aho alak峁�itanip膩t膩岣� puru峁Ｄ佱箛膩峁� samavi峁�ama 诲补艣腻 辫补谤颈峁嘺迟补测辞 bhavanti:

Ah! The favourable or unfavourable turns of man鈥檚 life are of unexpected advent.

7. 办腻测补蝉迟丑补 iti 濒补驳丑惫墨 尘腻迟谤腻: A 办腻测补蝉迟丑补 is a matter of small concern.

8. k墨d峁浥沘st峁涐箛膩苍腻尘补gnin膩 saha 惫颈谤辞诲丑补岣�:

What sort of enmity can grass bear to fire?

9. 驳补迟颈岣� socch膩y膩峁嚹佱箖 patanamanuk奴la峁� kalayati:

The condition of those risen to a high station considers a fall to be close at hand.

10. dur膩r膩dhy膩 hi r膩jalak峁�m墨r膩tmavadbhirapi r膩jabhi岣�:

Goddess of wealth is hard to please even by kings with a command overself.

11. dvaivamavidv膩峁僺a岣� pram膩峁嘺yanti:

The illiterate alone believe in fate.

12. daivenopahatasya buddhiratha v膩 蝉补谤惫腻 viparyasyati:

Of one struck by fate, the intellect in its entirely becomes perverse.

13. na ni峁�prayojanamadhik膩ravanta岣� prabh奴bhir膩h奴yante:

Officers are not summoned by the kings without any purpose.

14. na 测耻办迟补峁� pr膩k峁泃amapi ripumavaj帽膩tu峁�:

It is not appropriate to neglect even an ordinary enemy.

15. na hi 蝉补谤惫补岣� 蝉补谤惫补峁� 箩腻苍腻迟颈:

It is not indeed that everyone knows everything.

16. nir墨h膩峁嚹乵墨艣ast峁涐箛amiva tirask膩ravi峁�aya岣�:

To those, whose desire is gone completely a king is an object of disregard like straw.

17. 辫耻谤补峁僤丑谤墨峁嚹佱箖 辫谤补箩帽腻 辫耻谤耻峁�a驳耻峁嘺惫颈箩帽腻苍补惫颈尘耻办丑墨:

The mind of women which by nature is averse to the appreciation of the merits of men.

18. pr膩yo 产丑峁泃测腻styajanti pracalitavibhava峁� sv膩mina峁� sevam膩n膩岣�:

Servents in attendance usually leave the master whose power is shaken.

19. 辫谤腻谤补产诲丑补尘补辫补谤颈迟测腻箩测补尘别惫补:

What is undertaken must not be given up.

20. bhagavati kamal膩laye 产丑峁浥沘magu峁嘺j帽膩'si:

Oh! Venerable lotus throned Godess, you are quite incapable of appreciating merits.

21. 尘补苍补蝉惫墨 damyatv膩tskhalati ca na 诲耻岣�k丑补峁� vahati ca:

Who being strong minded, has resoved to bear up, even in his prime youth the very yoke of responsibility.

22. 尘耻峁囜笉颈迟补尘耻峁囜笉辞 苍补办峁�a迟谤腻峁噄 辫峁沜肠丑补蝉颈:

Inquiring about the constellation after getting shaved your head.

23. yatsvayamabhiyogadu岣�khairas膩dh膩ra峁嘺irap膩k峁泃a峁� tadeva 谤腻箩测补峁� sukhayati:

That sovereignty alone gives happiness, which is devoid of the peculiar troubles worthy of application to work.

24. 谤腻箩测补峁� hi 苍腻尘补 r膩jadharm膩nuv峁泃tiparasya n峁沺atermahadapr墨tisth膩nam:

Sovereignty is indeed a source of great trouble to the king intent upon observing the duties.

25. vidv膩峁僺o鈥檖yavikatthan膩 bhavanti:

The literate too are not given to boasting

26. 艣irasi bhayamati诲奴谤别 tatpratik膩ra岣�:

The danger stands over the head and the remedy is very far.

27. 蝉别惫腻峁� l膩ghavak膩ri峁嚹�峁� k峁泃adhiya岣� sth膩ne 艣vav峁泃ti峁� vidu岣�:

Rightly the learned men regard the service, which degrades a man of one whom penury plods for bread by his entreating looks and mis representation through helpfulness as a dog鈥檚 life.

ii. 厂耻产丑腻峁�i迟补蝉 found as verse form in 惭耻诲谤腻谤腻办峁�a蝉补:

1. 补迟测耻肠肠丑峁泃别 尘补苍迟谤颈峁噄 p膩rthive ca vi峁ａ弓abhya p膩d膩vupati峁ａ弓hate 艣r墨岣�/
s膩 str墨svabh膩v膩dasah膩 bharasya tayordvayorekatara峁� jah膩ti//^[3]

The Goddess of Royalty stands with her feet rigidly placed on the king and on the minister when grown too high. But through feminine nature unable to sustain her weight, she quits one of the two.

2. apr膩j帽ena ca k膩tare峁嘺 驳耻峁嘺岣� sy膩dbhaktiyuktena ka岣� Praj帽膩 vikrama艣膩lino鈥檖i hi bhavet ki峁� bhaktih墨n膩t phalam/
辫谤补箩帽腻vikramabhaktaya岣� samudit膩 ye峁Ｄ佱箖 驳耻峁嚹� bh奴taye te 产丑峁泃测腻 n峁沺ate岣� kalatramitare sampatsu c膩patsu ca//^[4]

What is the need of such servants, who is neither wise nor energetic, though he is full of piety? Similarly, what is the use of a wise and brave servant having no devotion? Only those can bring about the prosperity of their king who are full of wisdom, dare and piety, remaining are equal to women both in calamity and thriving only to be brought up by the lord.

3. upari 驳丑补苍补峁� 驳丑补苍补谤补峁璱迟补峁� 诲奴谤别 诲补测颈迟腻 办颈尘别迟补诲腻辫补迟颈迟补峁�/
himavati divyau峁�adhaya岣� 艣墨r峁�e 蝉补谤辫补岣� 蝉补尘腻惫颈峁ａ弓补岣�//^[5]

Overhead is the deep thunder of clouds, the beloved is far away. What is this that has come to pass! On the 贬颈尘腻濒补测补蝉 grow the herbs supernatural efficacy, whereas the serpent is seated on the head.

4. ki峁� 艣e峁�asya bharavyath膩 na vapu峁�i k峁Ｄ佱箖 na k峁�ipatye峁�a yat ki峁� v膩 苍腻蝉迟颈 pari艣ramo dinapater膩ste na yanni艣cala岣�/
ki峁� tva峁単墨k峁泃amuts峁沶 k峁沺a峁嘺vat 艣l膩ghyo jano lajjate pratipannapastu峁�u 苍颈谤惫腻丑补岣� sat膩metaddhi gotravratam//^[6]

Is there no pain of burden in the body of 艢别峁�a苍腻驳补 that he does not throw down the earth? Or does not feel the Sun fatigued that he does not sit down motionless? But a praiseworthy man blushes to lay aside, like a mean-hearted person, what he has once undertaken. To carry their undertaking to their end-this is indeed, the family vow of the good.

5. c墨yate b膩li艣asy膩pi satk峁�etrapatit膩 k峁涐梗i墨岣�/
na 艣膩le岣� stambak膩rit膩 vapturgu峁嘺mapek峁�ate//^[7]

Scattered seeds grow profusely in fertile soil, even being sowed by an ignorant peasant. The clustered paddy does not expect any merit in the sower.

t墨k峁�n膩dudvijate m峁沝au paribhavatr膩s膩nna sa峁僼i峁ａ弓hate m奴rkh膩nde峁ａ弓i na gacchati pra峁嘺yit膩matyantavidvatsvapi/
艣奴rebhyo鈥檖yadhika峁� vibhetyupasatyek膩ntabh墨r奴naho 艣r墨 labdhaprasareva ve艣avanit膩 du岣�khopacary膩 产丑峁浥沘//^[8]

From the stern, she shrinks. In the mild, she does not abide from fear of insult. Hates a fool, she cultivates no friendship to the most learned, the brave鈥搒he dreads mighty. The ever timid, she scoffs. The Goddess of wealth, Oh1 like a harlot; that has gained ascendancy is extremely hard to please.

7. par膩rth膩nu峁ａ弓h膩ne rahayati 苍峁沺补峁� sv膩rthaparat膩 parityaktasv膩rtho niyatamayath膩rth岣� k峁�itipati岣�/
辫补谤腻谤迟丑补艣肠别迟蝉惫腻谤迟丑腻诲补产丑颈尘补迟补迟补谤辞 hanta parav膩n par膩yatta岣� pr墨te岣� kathamiva 谤补蝉补峁� vetti 辫耻谤耻峁�a岣�//^[9]

In serving other鈥檚 end, self-interest forsakes the king and the king who abandons personal interest, is not the lord of the earth in the real sense of the term. If other鈥檚 interest is preferable to self-interest, then, alas! The king has a master to serve, how can he know the flavor of pleasures.

8. pr膩rabhyate na khalu vighnabhayena n墨cai岣� Pr膩rabhya vighnavihat膩 viramanti 尘补诲丑测腻岣�/
vighnai岣� puna岣� punarapi pratihanyam膩n膩岣� pr膩rabdhamuttama驳耻峁嚹佱弗 na parityajant//^[10]

Mean man set on to work from fear of obstacles: Average people desist after commencing difficulties, but Men of superior merit though again and again assailed by difficulties, do not give up what is once undertaken.

9. bh奴峁�an膩dyupabhogena prabhurbhavati na 辫谤补产丑耻岣�/
parairaparibh奴t膩j帽astvamiva prabhurucyate//^[11]

A lord is not the lord by reason of the enjoyment of ornaments etc. Rightly is he called king who like yourself has his order not superseded by others.

10. mitr膩峁噄 艣atrutvamup膩nayant墨 mitratvamarthasya va艣膩cca 艣atrun/
苍墨迟颈谤苍补测补迟测补蝉尘峁泃补辫奴谤惫补惫峁泃迟补峁� 箩补苍尘腻苍迟补谤补峁� j墨vata eva pu峁卻a岣�//^[12]

Turning from considerations of interest friends turn into foes and foes into friends, diplomacy leads a person, while still living into other type of existence in which past relation is all forgotten.

11. sa 诲辞峁�a岣� sacivasyaiva yadasatkurute 苍峁沺补岣�/
驰腻迟颈 yantu pram膩dena gajo 惫测腻濒补迟惫补惫腻肠测补迟腻尘//^[13]

It is the fault of the minister himself if the king dishonours him. The tusker comes to be branded as a 鈥榬ogue鈥� through the carelessness of the driver.

12. svayam膩h峁泃ya bhu帽j膩 valino鈥檖i 蝉惫补产丑腻惫补迟补岣�/
gajendr膩艣ca narendr膩艣ca 辫谤腻测补岣� 蝉墨诲补苍迟颈 诲耻岣�k丑颈迟腻岣� //^[14]

Lord of elephants and mighty kings though naturally strong yet they have to toil for their livelihood, generally drop in discomfort.

Footnotes and references:

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[1]:

狈腻峁瓂补艣膩stra, I.113

[2]:

办腻惫测补峁� ya艣ase鈥檙thak峁泃e 惫测补惫补丑腻谤补惫颈诲别 艣ivetarak峁�ataye/ 蝉补诲测补岣� paranirv峁泃taye k膩nt膩sammitatayopayuje// 碍腻惫测补辫谤补办腻艣补, I. 2

[3]:

惭耻诲谤腻谤腻办峁�a蝉补, IV.13

[4]:

I.15

[5]:

Ibid., I.22

[6]:

Ibid.,II.18

[7]:

Ibid., I.3

[8]:

III.5

[9]:

Ibid., III.4

[10]:

Ibid., II.17

[11]:

Ibid., III.23

[12]:

Ibid., V.8

[13]:

III.32

[14]:

I.16