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150 household life. The author describes- one who is conquered by the force of a loved one should welcome with head bowed down wholeheartedly even that which is like the blow of a hammer (mudgarabhighatadesiya). The person should hold the urine and faeces of his son on his chest. These descriptions points out that the author is not a person who leads the life of a householder. Another reference to the sannyasins in the second chapter 15t and a statement in the concluding verses i.e., abhutibhusanam also supports this view. The Sanskrit word 'abhutih' bears the meaning poverty, which is considered as a vow that must be practiced by san

Notes and References 'Yogasutra of Patanjali, I.35. ²Ibid., II.7&8. sukhanusayi tatha duhkhanusayiti anyesam pathah | sukhanusayi ragah duhkhanusayi dvesah iti te vyacaksate, ... ubhayadhapyanujanmataiva| (Patanjala-yogasutra-bhashya-vivarana , p.139) 4Y.S., II.19. 304

'kesamcidayameva patho - visesavisesalingamatralingani gunaparvaniti || (Patanjala-yogasutra-bhashya-vivarana , p.183) 'See Vyasa-bhashya under Yogasutra of Patanjali, II.2., & Patanjala-yogasutra-bhashya-vivarana , p.124. 'Yogasutra of Patanjali, II.12. 8PYSBV , p.143. 'Yogasutra of Patanjali, II.20. 10PYSBV , p.193. "Vyasa-bhashya under Yogasutra of Patanjali, II.23. 12 2 ato darsanam kaivalyakaranamuktam- 'vivekakhyatiraviplava hanopayah ' iti | (Patanjala-yogasutra-bhashya-vivarana , p.196) 1³Yogasutra of Patanjali, III.51. 14 Patanjala-yogasutra-bhashya-vivarana , p.307. 15 Yogasutra of Patanjali, II.15. 16pYSBV., pp. 159-60. 17Ibid., pp. 132, 141, 160, 166-67, etc. 18 Ibid., pp.98, 113, 115, 116, 119, 134, 217, 223, 279-80, etc. 19 Ibid., pp.114, 158. 20 Infra., Chapter. V, p.279. 'tatha yoganganusthanam vivekakhyateh praptikaranam nanyena prakarenetyaha - vivekakhyatestviti | (Tattvavaisaradi of Vacaspati Misra, p.237) 22 yatha sarasvatisrotah | ... sarasvatisrotovadeva | (Patanjala-yogasutra-bhashya-vivarana , p.130) 23 Ibid., p.133 24 Ibid., p.37, 39, 40, 48,76,77. 25 Ibid., p.5. 26 Astadhyayi, VII.3.20. 305

27 'see. Patanjala-yogasutra-bhashya-vivarana , p.5-6. 28 Astadhyaye, IV.4.1-76. 29Y.S., I.12. 30 Astadhyaye, VI.4.92. 3'Yogasutra of Patanjali, I.13. 32 nanu ca dvicandramiti dvipuli pancapulitivat dvigusamasatvat 'dvigurekavacanam ' iti pratilabdhe tadbhavat 'akarantottarapado dviguh striyamistah ' iti dvigorakarantat (iti ) dvicandrasabdadikirah prapnoti - naisa dosah- patradipratisedhat | tatra cadisabdasya prakaravacanatvat| prakarasya ca sistaprayoganusaritvat, dvicandro'pi patradisu drastavyah | dvau candrau yasmin darsana iti bahuvrihih | ekacandrasabdasya advigutvadeva codyabhavah | (Patanjala-yogasutra-bhashya-vivarana , p.34) 33Ibid., p.182. 34vBh. under Yogasutra of Patanjali, III.17. 35pYSBV., pp.58-63. "naitanyanumanani| katham ? prathamam tavat pratijnaiva dusta | yadi tavadisvarasabdarthah sarvajno na bhavatiti yusmadabhipreta isvara ucyeta, tatha ca siddhasadhyata syat || athasmadabhipretah, tathapi yusmakamasiddhavisesyata bhavet | athesvaratvasyasarvajnatvamucyate, tathapi siddham sadhyate| (Ibid., p.63) 37 Infra., Chapter.V, p.288-89. 38 Supra., Chapter. IV, p. 184. 39. mandamandetaropakramanamapi yoginamabhimataphalavaptiprakasanadanavasannacetasah pravarteranniti | itaratha tivratarayasajanitabhitayo'vasideyuriti | (Patanjala-yogasutra-bhashya-vivarana , p.52) 40 'see. VBh.under Yogasutra of Patanjali, III.22. 4¹ Patanjala-yogasutra-bhashya-vivarana , p.283. 306

42Supra., Chapter.V, p.275. 43 yoganganusthanadeva vivekakhyatiriti navadidharayisitam, gurupasanadharmaprabhrtikebhyo'pi vivekakhyateh siddhirisyata eva| (Patanjala-yogasutra-bhashya-vivarana , p.208) 44Ibid., p.216. 45. tryaham pratah tryaham sayam tryahamadyadayacitam | uposanam tryaham | (Manusmrti, XI.212. referred to in Patanjala-yogasutra-bhashya-vivarana , p.216) 46 In it the daily quantity of food, which consists of fifteen mouthfuls at the full moon, is diminished by one mouthful everyday during the dark fortnight till it is reduced to zero at the new moon, and increased in like manner during the bright fortnight. 47 gomutram gomayam ksiram dadhi sarpih kusodakam | ekaratropavasasca krcchrah santapanah smrtah | | (Manusmrti, XI.213) 48 tatasca samanantaram dhruve samyamam krtva taranam gatim vijaniyat -- anena prakarena sancaramana anena visista iti | asmin kale'nena grahena ayam graho virudhyate, itthamastamayah | itthamudayah, taddvarena pranabhrtam subhamasubham cetyadi vijaniyat | (Patanjala-yogasutra-bhashya-vivarana , p.287) 49VBh. under Yogasutra of Patanjali, 1.35. 50pYSBV., p.93. " 51 Supra., Chapter.IV, p.214. 2tena jagannirmanasthapanopasamharadikartrtvasiddhih | (Patanjala-yogasutra-bhashya-vivarana , p.57) 53 ... pranidhanam krtva bhagavan jagat samjahara | (Tattvavaisaradi of Vacaspati Misra under Yogasutra of Patanjali, I.24) 54Y.S., III.33. 55 atmani samyamam kurvatah, isvaram va atyartham pranidadhanasya yoginah pratibham tarakam svayamutthitam manasam jnanam ...(Patanjala-yogasutra-bhashya-vivarana , 289) 307

56 sakto'pi sa yogi na padarthaviparyasam karoti | nagnim sitikaroti | kasmat ? anyasya yatrakamavasayinah purvasiddhasya paramesvarasya tatha tesu padarthesu viparyasena samkalpat| (Ibid., p.302) 57ye (sam ) punah samsarinah eva santa isvaribhavanti buddharsabhadayah tesam niratisayasaktijnanaisvaryanupapattih | kalaparicchedyatvat | abhyupagacchanti ca taddarsanaslaghinah kalaparicchedaniyakam tesam || (Ibid., p. 71) 58 nasmadisvarasya kalaparicchedyata | tatkalaistadadyakalaisca buddhadibhiraparijnataisvaryadisatisayatvadilingairanumeya evasau | namusmin kala utpanna utpadyata utpatsyamanah iti tridha kaiscidanumiyate | ( Ibid.) 59 " etadeva ca vainasikanam bahirarthanupapatterbuddhikaranam| (Ibid., p.40) 60 Ibid., p.84. "yesam punaratyantavyatiriktamanyadevakaranat karyam, tesam karanatantratvam karyasya na prapnoti| (Ibid., p.105) 62for example, utpattimati ca prthivi, savayavatvat, ghatadivat||, anekaprayojanarthina ekena nirmita prthivi, grhadivadeva || etc. 63PYSBV , pp.52-79. 64Ibid., p.104. " tasmat purusasya sada jnatavisayatvam| tatascaparinamitvam siddham | aparinami purusa iti pratijna| sada jnatavisayatvaditi hetuh | vaidharmyadrstanto buddhyadih | ( Ibid., p. 190 ) ; gunanam tupadrastetyupadrastrtvam hetuh | atrigunah purusa iti pratijna | drstanto'trigunatvaccasarupah| (Ibid., p.192) 66Ibid., pp.69-70. vaidharmyena buddhyadireva 308

7kinca- cikitsasastre chaya madhurasitaletyucyate | nahyavastuno madhurasitalatvam | tatha caksipati pathyatvam| nabhavasya pathyapathyatvam bruyuh | ( Ibid., p. 70 ) 68 Ibid., p. 183. 69VBh. under Yogasutra of Patanjali, I.8. "tamo moho mahamohastamisro hyandhasamjnakah | avidya pancaparvesa pradurbhuta mahatmanah | (Visnu Puranam) 71 bhedastamaso'stavidho mohasya ca, dasavidho mahamohah | } tamisro'stadasadha ; tatha, bhavatyandhatamisrah || (Sankhya Karika, 48) 72 visistaparibhogayogyajagadracanavisesopapattih kantakatiksnatvakumudakamalasankocavikocadivat| svabhavikam, lohayaskantamanivat| (Patanjala-yogasutra-bhashya-vivarana , p.61) svabhavadeva, nisakaradivakaratarakadigamanagamanadyapi 73 na hyagnyusnatvam svabhavikam sanniyatam nimittamatmalabhaya kanksati dharmisattavyatirekena | kriyaphalaracanadinam tu visistanimittakanksanamatmapratilambhayeti na svabhavikam|| (Ibid., p.62) 741bid., p.198. 7"khyatireva sadhanamavidyanivrttidvarena | avidyanimitto hi bandhah | ( Ibid., p. 4) 76 Ibid., p.7. 77 Ibid., p.44. 78 rago'pyavidyaya evavasthantaramiti ... | (Ibid., p.46) 79 Ibid., p.34. 80sBh. on Brahmasutra, p.1. 81...atasminnapi tadbuddhim karotiti ... (Patanjala-yogasutra-bhashya-vivarana , p.264) 309

82 yena yathartham vastu janati | (Vyasa-bhashya, under Yogasutra of Patanjali, I. 20), yena yathabhutam atmadi vastu janati iti | (Patanjala-yogasutra-bhashya-vivarana, p. 51 ) 83Hastamalaka, 10. 84 yadapi jaladharoparodhat pravrsi raveradarsanam, tadapi drstivyavadhanamatram | na punah prakasa eva tirodhiyate tamovat | (Patanjala-yogasutra-bhashya-vivarana , p.58) 85Ibid., p.104-09. "yogam yogaphalam ca sarvameva duhkham pasyan samyagdarsanaikasaranam pratipadyate | (Ibid., p.166) 87Ibid., p.183-84. 88_ 篓 tatha pratiksanaparinamadharmakamanavasthitam visvamiksamanasya vairagyam jayate | ( Ibid., p. 263) 89Mohamudgara, 4. 篓tadetaddrstantapasadavastambhena sakalalokaprasiddhamargoparohina atmano nirakaranamasakyam | (Ibid., p.350) 91Ibid., p.68. 92. " yagena svago bhavisyati, samadhyadina mokso samadhyadina mokso bhavisyati iti ca kusalaih atikathoramatibhirupakhyayate || (Ibid, p.334) " tatha sarvesam padarthanam tairyagyaunamanusadaivatani dhrtikaranam | kutah ? paraspararthatvat| tairyagyaunam manusadaivatayorvahanadohanahaviradibhirupakurvat dhrtikaranam | tatha manusam ijyaraksanadibhirdaivatairyagyonayoh dhrtikaranam | tatha daivamitarayoh sitosnapravarsanadina dhrtikaranam | (Ibid., p.210) 94 Supra., Chapter. IV, p 245. 1"devabrahmanartham hanisyami nanyatheti, sraddhadisamayabhumimanasnuvana vartata ...(Patanjala-yogasutra-bhashya-vivarana , p.215) 96Ibid., p.335. 97Ibid., pp. 216, 220, etc. 310

98 such as karmavipakau, kriyaphalah, samacarata phalaih karma, niskarmaklesapako, phalena kriyanam, prakriyanam vidhata, dharmameghena, klesakarmamayadharmanuttaye, dharmameghamukhayogatoyadam 99 "Supra., Chapter.V, p.279. 100T.S. Rukmani, Yogasutrabhasyavivarana of Sankara, vol.1, intr.p.xv. 101 Supra., Chapter.IV, p.198. 102VBh. reads as- yoganganusthanamasuddheh viyogakaranam | yatha parasuh chedyasya | vivekakhyatestu praptikaranam yatha dharmah sukhasya | , nanyatha karanam| (Vyasa-bhashya under Yogasutra of Patanjali, II.28) The sub-commentary on the same portion is- yoganganusthanamasuddheh ksayakaranam vivekakhyatesca praptikaranamiti, dvidhaiva karanam, dharmaparasudvayasthaniyamekamubhayakaranam, nanyatha bhavatiti | (Patanjala-yogasutra-bhashya-vivarana , p.209) 10 tatra tadvairagyadapi ityapisabdadapraptayogaisvaryasyapi samyagdarsanat kaivalyamiti| (Patanjala-yogasutra-bhashya-vivarana , p.307) 104 Ibid., pp.33-35. 105 yatha tatrapramanasya pramanena badhadarsanarthamudaharanam darsayati- tadyathadvicandradarsanamiti | | kacakamaladyupahatadarsanasyabhutarthavisayatvaddhi dvicandradarsanasya sadvisayena bhutarthavisayena ekacandradarsanenadvitiyacandrabhavopapattijnanasmrtyanugrhitena badhanam | ( Ibid., p.34) 106 In Yogasutra of Patanjali, I.45, it is said that - suksmavisayatvancalingaparyavasanam|| The commentary portion on the same aphorism explains that, parthivasyanorgandhatanmatram suksmo visayah | apyasya rasatanmatram | taijasasya rupatanmatram | vayaviyasya sparsatanmatram | akasasya sabdatanmatramiti| tesamahankarah | asyapi lingamatram suksmo visayah | lingamatrasyapyalingam suksmo visayah | na calingatparam suksmamasti | 107 na calingat pradhana (llinga ) danyatsuksmam karanamasti || ... yadyasyanvayikaranam tattadapeksaya suksmamiti prakrtam| (Patanjala-yogasutra-bhashya-vivarana , p.112) 311

108 Ibid., pp. 195. pp.195. 109Ibid., p.43. 110. "satkarasevitah- tapasa brahmacaryena, sraddhaya ca sampaditah satkaravan ...| (Vyasa-bhashya under Yogasutra of Patanjali, I.14) 111 Supra., Chapter. IV, p.149. 112pYSBV., p.60. 113 yatha rogartah cikitsasastrasya visayah | (Ibid., p.122) 114 cikitsanivartyaprakopakaratvat, vayuvat | nabhasca prakopascikitsakaprasiddhimuparudhah | (Ibid., p.184) 115 samsarisamsarahetuyathatmyadarsanam duhkhaduhkhisamyogahetunivartakam, duhkhiduhkhahetuyathatmyavisayatvat, rogirogahetuyathatmyadarsanavat | avidya drastrdrsyayoh samyogakaranam, duhkhanimittasamyogahetutvat, rogahetusamyoganimittamithyajnanavat | drastrdrsyasamyogo mithyajnanapurvakah, rogirogahetusamyogavat| (Ibid., p.196) 116. duhkhahetutvat, " krtakaraniyo'hamiti ca samyagdarsanaparipakalingapratyaya upavartate | yatha rogaturasya rogahetuksaye nirogo'ham na punarbhaisajyamastiti pratyayah | ( Ibid., p. 206) 117 'osadhibhirasurabhavanesu rasayanena somamalakadi bhaksanena purvadehanapanayenaiva | ( Ibid., pp. 317- 18) 118 loke'pi ksetrabijasamskaravisesena vrksadiphalasannikarsah prasiddhah vrksayurvedaprasiddhya | (Ibid., p.145) 119 . vrksayurvedaprasiddham rasadivaisvarupyam| (Ibid., p.257) ... 120Ibid., pp.263-78. 12ly.S., 1.42. " 122pYSBV., p.102. 312

123 23 vide., vivarana portion on Vyasa-bhashya under Yogasutra of Patanjali, III.17. 124 Patanjala-yogasutra-bhashya-vivarana , pp. 77-78. 125 Ibid., pp.268, 270-71, 275-76. 126VBh. under Yogasutra of Patanjali, III.17. 127. Ibid., 1.8. 128pYSBV., p.35. 129 'tesam ta jayopayo vistarena hairanyagarbhe vyakhyatah | (Ibid., p. 294) tu 130 Supra., Chapter.II, p.61. 131 vyasena kitopakhyana (srava ) smaranacca ...( Ibid., p.146) tatha ca vyasah samkhyanam yoginam ...(Ibid., p.147) 132 Supra., Chapter.IV, p.246. 133 Ibid., p.55. 134 anye vacaspatimisrah | yadva - tesamapi margapradarsakah pracinah vyakhyatarah | ( Ibid., p.55, fn.1) 135 In fact Vacaspati Misra and Vijnana Bhiksu take the word nimitta to mean proof. Does this mean that the Vivaranakara is later than Misra if not later than both? Or were there other commentators, earlier to all of these, and from whom Vivaranakara differed but with whom Misra and Vijnana Bhiksu agreed. This is less likely. In that case Misra and Bhiksu would have mentioned the variant explanation. This is also significant in the context of the authorship of the Vivarana. (T.S. Rukmani, Yogasutrabhasyavivarana of Sankara, vol.1, p.99.fn.1) 313

136 In Tattvavaisaradi of Vacaspati Misra, it is explained as - ' ... kim sanimittah sapramanaka ahosvinnirnimitto nispramanaka iti ? ...(Tattvavaisaradi of Vacaspati Misra, p.68) 137 138 139 '...tatpratyaksarupavakyarthajnanajanyatvacchastrasya pramanyamityarthah | (Y, V, p. 74) see Patanjala-yogasutra-bhashya-vivarana , p.237. & Tattvavaisaradi of Vacaspati Misra, p.282-83. kauleyadinam tata eva lobhapeksaya bhaksyajnanam | tata eva putraderviraktasya kunapadijnanam | (Patanjala-yogasutra-bhashya-vivarana , p.342) 140T.S. Rukmani, Yogasutrabhasyavivarana of Sankara, Vol.II, p. 166. 14lpYSBV., p.36. 142T.S. Rukmani, Yogasutrabhasyavivarana of Sankara, vol. 1, p.67. 143 ' tatha cacaryairuktam- 'yogastattvajnanarthah ' iti | (Patanjala-yogasutra-bhashya-vivarana , p.208) 144sBh. Under Brahmasutra, II.1.3. 145pYSBV., p.95. 146Supra., Chapter.IV, p.192. 147 'yatha stryadipinde heye'pi bhogyo'yamityavidyaya parikalpyatmabhimanam krtva rajyate | (Patanjala-yogasutra-bhashya-vivarana , p.132) 148 Vyasa-bhashya under Yogasutra of Patanjali , II.5. & Patanjala-yogasutra-bhashya-vivarana , p.134. 149pYSBV., p.133. 150 篓 yo hi dayitamustighatam mudgarabhighatadesiyamapi mastakena praticchati | putrasya va mutrapurisamurasa dharayati | ( Ibid, p.164) 151 'Supra., Chapter.IV, fn.207. 314nyasins. Therefore one can safely conclude that the author definitely is a sannyasin.