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(SURABHI鈥�狈础狈顿滨狈莫).

General.

She is the first mother of cattle. She is a goddess with marvellous powers and attainments who gives milk whenever needed by gods and sages. The 笔耻谤腻峁嘺蝉 declare that all the cattle in the world today are descended from 碍腻尘补诲丑别苍耻.

Three different names.

This sacred cow is sometimes called "碍腻尘补诲丑别苍耻", at other times, "Surabhi" and also "Nandin墨". They are not three different cows, as some people suppose. See 叠丑腻峁Ｄ� 叠丑腻谤补迟补, 础谤补峁噛补 Parva Chapter 9, Verses 7 and 17. There Surabhi and 碍腻尘补诲丑别苍耻 are names used for referring to the same cow. Again, in the 叠丑腻峁Ｄ� 叠丑腻谤补迟补, 膧di Parva, Chapter 99, Verse 14, we find the name Nandin墨 applied to 碍腻尘补诲丑别苍耻. Thus we may conclude that 碍腻尘补诲丑别苍耻 had two other names, viz. Surabhi and Nandin墨. But since the term "Surabhirgavi" occurs in 础尘补谤补办辞艣补, it follows that even ordinary cows may be called "Surabhi".

Birth and Jamily.

In the 笔耻谤腻峁嘺蝉 Surabhi is described variously as 顿补办峁�a鈥檚 daughter, 碍补艣测补辫补鈥檚 wife, 碍补艣测补辫补鈥檚 daughter, etc. Although at first sight there may appear some discrepancy in these statements, in the light of them we may clearly arrive at the ancestry and birth of Surabhi. 痴腻濒尘墨办颈 搁腻尘腻测补峁嘺, 础谤补峁噛补 碍腻峁囜笉补, 14th Sarga says that 碍补艣测补辫补, the son of 惭补谤墨肠颈 and the grandson of 叠谤补丑尘腻 married 顿补办峁�a 笔谤补箩腻辫补迟颈鈥檚 daughters鈥�Aditi, Diti, Danu, 碍腻濒颈办腻, 罢腻尘谤腻, Krodhav膩艣膩, Manu and Anal膩. From verses 20 and 21 in the same Sarga we understand that Surabhi was the daughter of 碍谤辞诲丑补惫补艣腻, 顿补办峁�a鈥檚 daughter, by 碍补艣测补辫补. In the same Sarga we find that two daughters, 搁辞丑颈峁嚹� and 骋补苍诲丑补谤惫墨 were born to this Surabhi and from 搁辞丑颈峁嚹� were born all the cows in the world that we see today and from 骋补苍诲丑补谤惫墨 were born all the horses. It was by her own father 碍补艣测补辫补 himself that Surabhi鈥檚 offsprings were born. Therefore, the reference to Surabhi as the wife of 碍补艣测补辫补 may also be justified.* 艢ince 碍谤辞诲丑补惫补艣腻, the daughter of 顿补办峁�a was the mother of Surabhi, actually Surabhi was the grand-daughter of 顿补办峁�a, But in a broad sense, a grand-daughter may be considered as a daughter. So the reference to Surabhi in 叠丑腻峁Ｄ� 叠丑腻谤补迟补, 础苍耻艣腻蝉补苍补 Parva, Chapter 83, Verse 28 as 顿补办峁�a鈥檚 daughter is correct in that sense.

How 碍腻尘补诲丑别苍耻 Received Divine Powers.

Long ago Aditi, wife of 碍补艣测补辫补, conceived 惭补丑腻惫颈峁ａ箛耻 in her womb and began an austere penance standing on one leg. At that time Surabhi went to 碍补颈濒腻蝉补 and offered worship to 叠谤补丑尘腻 for ten thousand years. The gods who were pleased, came to Surabhi taking 叠谤补丑尘腻 with them. 叠谤补丑尘腻 said to her:鈥�'Surabhi I have made you a goddess. You are now above the three worlds鈥擧eaven Earth and Hell. Your world, "Goloka" will become famous. All people will worship you and the cows who are your off spring."

From that day on which 叠谤补丑尘腻 blessed her, Surabhi became a goddess with marvellous spiritual powers. (惭补丑腻产丑腻谤补迟补 础苍耻艣腻蝉补苍补 Parva, Chapter 83).

More than one 碍腻尘补诲丑别苍耻?

There are references to several 碍腻尘补诲丑别苍耻s in the 笔耻谤腻峁嘺蝉. There is one 碍腻尘补诲丑别苍耻 in 痴腻蝉颈峁ａ弓丑补鈥檚 膧艣谤补尘补. At 痴补谤耻峁嘺鈥檚 y膩ga we see another 碍腻尘补诲丑别苍耻. There is no ground for believing that there is only one 碍腻尘补诲丑别苍耻 and that it was borrowed by each Deva in turn for some particular occasion. It is possible that there were many 碍腻尘补诲丑别苍耻s in the family of 碍腻尘补诲丑别苍耻 and they were owned by different Devas. Moreover it is stated that several 碍腻尘补诲丑别苍耻s take their origin from sources other than the family of 碍补艣测补辫补. One of them is from the ocean of milk. In 惭补丑腻产丑腻谤补迟补, 膧di Parva, Chapter 18, we find that when the Devas and Asuras churned the ocean of milk, along with many other precious things, 碍腻尘补诲丑别苍耻 also came up to the surface.

There is a reference to another 碍腻尘补诲丑别苍耻 in 叠丑腻峁Ｄ� 叠丑腻谤补迟补, Udyoga Parva, Chapter 102, There, it is said, 叠谤补丑尘腻 who got 础尘峁泃补 swallowed it beyond limit in his avidity and when he vomited, a 碍腻尘补诲丑别苍耻 came out from his mouth. That 碍腻尘补诲丑别苍耻 is said to be living in the world known as 搁补蝉腻迟补濒补. The abovementioned passage also says that there are four other 碍腻尘补诲丑别苍耻s living on the four sides of the 碍腻尘补诲丑别苍耻 which lives in 搁补蝉腻迟补濒补. They are Saurabh墨 in the east Ha峁僺ik膩 in the south, 厂耻产丑补诲谤腻 in the west and Dhenu in the north.

The next 碍腻尘补诲丑别苍耻 is the one which was born from the side of 艢r墨 碍峁涐梗峁嘺. Once 艢r墨 碍峁涐梗峁嘺 and his consort 搁腻诲丑腻 were amusing themselves by amorous pleasures in a remote and secluded place. When they were tired they wished to drink some milk. At that time, 艢r墨 碍峁涐梗峁嘺 created by his will power, the cow Surabhi and the calf Manoratha, from the left side of his body. 艢谤墨诲腻尘补苍 milked that cow into a new earthen pot and when 艢r墨 K峁涐梗na was drinking it, the pot fell down and the milk was spilt all over the floor. The milk which spread over an area of 100 yojanas, became a lake called "碍峁Ｄ玶补蝉腻驳补谤补" for 搁腻诲丑腻 and her maids to bathe and enjoy water-sports. Numerous cows were born from the pores of Surabhi and they were presented to the Gopas by 艢r墨 碍峁涐梗峁嘺. (顿别惫墨 叠丑腻驳补惫补迟补, 9th Skandha). Like this, several 碍腻尘补诲丑别苍耻s are seen in the 笔耻谤腻峁嘺蝉. Therefore there is no discrepancy or contradiction in statements declaring that there were many 碍腻尘补诲丑别苍耻s in different 膧艣谤补尘补s. But since 碍腻尘补诲丑别苍耻 had achieved divine powers by 叠谤补丑尘腻鈥檚 grace, it is but reasonable to believe that the different 碍腻尘补诲丑别苍耻s are really the different forms of the original 碍腻尘补诲丑别苍耻, the daughter of 碍补艣测补辫补.

Theft of 碍腻尘补诲丑别苍耻 by Satyavrata (罢谤颈艣补峁卥耻).

Satyavrata (罢谤颈艣补峁卥耻) was the son of 础谤耻峁嘺, a King of the 滨办峁�v腻办耻 dynasty. He was a vicious and immoral fellow. Once he abducted a 叠谤腻丑尘补峁嘺 girl just at the time of her marriage in her bridal dress. Enraged at this his father drove him away from his palace. Satyavrata wandered about aimlessly in the country and in the forests.

Soon after this there was a famine in the land. Human beings and animals began to die of starvation. At that time 痴颈艣惫腻尘颈迟谤补 was performing penance in the forest after leaving behind his wife and children in the country. When he saw that the whole family was in danger of death by starvation, he decided to make some money by selling one of the sons, in order to save the lives of the rest of the family. Satyavrata who came to know of this, met 痴颈艣惫腻尘颈迟谤补 and dissuaded him from selling his son. He promised to supply some flesh every day to the family by hunting animals in the forest and keeping the flesh suspended from the branch of a near-by tree. Accordingly, he began leaving the flesh regularly hanging from the branch of the tree. One day he could not get any flesh by hunting. That night he went to 痴补蝉颈峁ａ弓丑补鈥檚 膩艣rama and stole 碍腻尘补诲丑别苍耻. He killed the cow and ate some of its flesh. The rest he gave to 痴颈艣惫腻尘颈迟谤补鈥檚 family.

The next morning when 痴补蝉颈峁ａ弓丑补 woke up, he did not see his cow. But he came to know of the whole affair by his intuition. In his fury he cursed Satyavrata and said that the world would brand him with the name "罢谤颈艣补峁卥耻" because he had committed three heinous sins viz. killing of cows, abducting another man鈥檚 wife and incurring his father鈥檚 displeasure. After that 痴补蝉颈峁ａ弓丑补 restored 碍腻尘补诲丑别苍耻 to life. (顿别惫墨 叠丑腻驳补惫补迟补, 7th Skandha).

痴颈艣惫腻尘颈迟谤补 attacked 碍腻尘补诲丑别苍耻.

Once while 痴颈艣惫腻尘颈迟谤补 was a ruling King, he went into a forest to hunt. In the course of his rambles through the forest, he happened to arrive at 痴补蝉颈峁ａ弓丑补鈥檚 膧艣谤补尘补 with his retinue. 痴补蝉颈峁ａ弓丑补 called 碍腻尘补诲丑别苍耻 and ordered her to provide food for 痴颈艣惫腻尘颈迟谤补 and his party. 碍腻尘补诲丑别苍耻, by her divine powers, prepared food within a short time and gave them a sumptuous meal; 痴颈艣惫腻尘颈迟谤补 was greatly pleased with this amazing feat of 碍腻尘补诲丑别苍耻 and he asked 痴补蝉颈峁ａ弓丑补 to give her to him. He even offered to give crores of cows in return for her. But 痴补蝉颈峁ａ弓丑补 refused to comply with his request. Then 痴颈艣惫腻尘颈迟谤补 tried to seize and take her away by force.

At once 碍腻尘补诲丑别苍耻 assumed the form of a terrible monster of destruction. From the different parts of her body emerged fierce warriors who clashed with 痴颈艣惫腻尘颈迟谤补鈥檚 followers. All the arrows shot by 痴颈艣惫腻尘颈迟谤补 were caught by 痴补蝉颈峁ａ弓丑补 with his hand. In the end 痴颈艣惫腻尘颈迟谤补 admitted that the might of a 叠谤腻丑尘补峁嘺 is superior to the might of a 碍峁�a迟谤颈测补. (痴补蝉颈峁ａ弓丑补 was a 叠谤腻丑尘补峁嘺 and 痴颈艣惫腻尘颈迟谤补 a 碍峁�a迟谤颈测补). 痴颈艣惫腻尘颈迟谤补, soon gave up his kingly duties and began penance, thus turning himself into a "搁腻箩补谤峁�i" (Royal saint). (痴腻濒尘墨办颈 搁腻尘腻测补峁嘺, 叠腻濒补 碍腻峁囜笉补, 52nd Sarga; 惭补丑腻产丑腻谤补迟补 艢补濒测补 Parva, Chapter 40; 惭补丑腻产丑腻谤补迟补 膧di Parva, Chapter 175).

碍腻尘补诲丑别苍耻 was attacked by the A峁ａ弓a Vasus.

(See under the word "A峁ａ弓avasus", Para 2).

碍腻尘补诲丑别苍耻 cried.

(See under the word "Indra", Para 16).

碍腻尘补诲丑别苍耻 revived King Baka.

(See under the word "Gautama").

Other details.

(i) 碍腻尘补诲丑别苍耻 gave birth to Ajasa, Ekap膩t, Ahirbudhnya, 罢惫补峁ａ弓腻 and Rudra. 痴颈艣惫补谤奴辫补 was the son of 罢惫补峁ａ弓腻. (Agni 笔耻谤腻峁嘺, Chapter 18).

(ii) 碍腻尘补诲丑别苍耻 said that she had no part in the theft of Agastya鈥檚 lotus. (惭补丑腻产丑腻谤补迟补 础苍耻艣腻蝉补苍补 Parva, Chapter 94).

(iii) 艢r墨 碍峁涐梗峁嘺 turned Govardhana mountain into an umbrella and defeated Indra when 碍腻尘补诲丑别苍耻 came to Gokula and bathed 艢r墨 碍峁涐梗峁嘺 with her milk according to 叠丑腻驳补惫补迟补, 10th Skandha.

(iv) Once the sage Jamadagni went to Goloka and propitiated 碍腻尘补诲丑别苍耻 by his tapas. 碍腻尘补诲丑别苍耻 gave her sister 厂耻艣墨濒腻 to Jamadagni. The sage presented that cow to his. wife 搁别峁嘘办腻. (叠谤补丑尘腻峁囜笉a 笔耻谤腻峁嘺, Chapter 61).

*) In Vi峁ａ箛u 笔耻谤腻峁嘺, Part I, Chapter 15, Surabhi is described as 碍补艣测补辫补鈥檚 wife.