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Sanskrit text, Unicode transliteration and English translation of verse 2.315-316:

啶膏�傕じ啶班�嵿�椸�� 啶掂た啶�啷嵿ぐ啶�啷嬥�椸ざ啷嵿�� 啶膏ぞ啶灌�氞ぐ啷嵿く啶� 啶掂た啶班�嬥ぇ啶苦い啶� 啷�
啶呧ぐ啷嵿ぅ啶� 啶�啷嵿ぐ啶曕ぐ啶｀�� 啶侧た啶權�嵿�椸�� 啶多が啷嵿う啶膏�嵿く啶距え啷嵿く啶膏�嵿く 啶膏え啷嵿え啶苦ぇ啶苦�� 啷� 啷┼ェ啷� 啷�
啶膏ぞ啶�啶班�嵿ぅ啷嵿く啶傕ぎ啷屶�氞た啶む�� 啶︵�囙ざ啶� 啶曕ぞ啶侧�� 啶掂�嵿く啶曕�嵿い啶苦�� 啶膏�嵿さ啶班ぞ啶︵く啶� 啷�
啶多が啷嵿う啶距ぐ啷嵿ぅ啶傕じ啷嵿く啶距え啶掂�氞�嵿�涏�囙う啷� 啶掂た啶多�囙し啶膏�嵿ぎ啷冟い啶苦す啷囙い啶掂�� 啷� 啷┼ェ啷� 啷�

sa峁僺argo viprayoga艣ca s膩hacarya峁� virodhit膩 |
artha岣� 辫谤补办补谤补峁嘺峁� li峁単a峁� 艣abdasy膩nyasya sannidhi岣� || 315 ||
蝉腻尘补谤迟丑测补峁僲aucit墨 诲别艣补岣� k膩lo vyakti岣� svar膩daya岣� |
艣abd膩rtha峁僺y膩navacchede vi艣e峁�asm峁泃ihetava岣� || 316 ||

315. Connection, separation, association, opposition, meaning, context, indication, the presence of another word, (316) suitability, propriety, place, time, gender and accent etc, these are the causes of our determining the meaning of a word when there is no definiteness in it.

Commentary

The author now gives two verses giving a more complete list of the factors which help to determine the meaning of words. These may be quotations from some unknown work.

[Read verse 315-316 above]

[The 痴峁泃迟颈 and 笔耻峁噛补谤腻箩补 record that it is always 蝉腻尘补谤迟丑测补 = ability or capacity of the word which helps to determine its meaning when there is indefiniteness. The so called factors enumerated only reveal this capacity: Tatra kecit 蝉腻尘补谤迟丑测补mevaika峁� bhed膩vadh膩ra峁嘺nimittam iti manyante, yasy膩rthaprakara峁嚹乥hy膩峁� sv膩bh膩viko 产丑别诲补岣� samadhigamyate so'pi s膩marthy膩d eva. 蝉腻尘补谤迟丑测补峁� hi bahudh膩 pravibhajyate. (痴峁泃迟颈).

As for the examples of the different facts, the 痴峁泃迟颈 and 笔耻峁噛补谤腻箩补 give the same ones mostly. It is obvious that the latter has taken them from the former. Here and there the 痴峁泃迟颈 gives examples which are ignored by 笔耻峁噛补谤腻箩补. It also raises some points for discussion which are ignored by 笔耻峁噛补谤腻箩补. It is anxious to give an idea of the variety of views which existed in its day on some of the points raised. That is why the expressions: anye, anye tu, anyetv膩hu岣�, kecit, kecid膩hu岣�, ye峁Ｄ乵, te峁Ｄ乵, ke峁Ｄ乵-cit occur in the 痴峁泃迟颈 in v. 315 and 316. The examples common to both are as follows鈥�厂补峁僺补谤驳补 = 肠辞苍苍别肠迟颈辞苍:鈥�saki艣or膩 dhenur 膩n墨yat膩m. Here on account of the connection between 诲丑别苍耻岣� and 办颈艣辞谤补, a mare is understood from the former word and not a cow. Viprayoga = 蝉别辫补谤补迟颈辞苍鈥�aki艣or膩 dhenur 膩n墨yat膩m = 鈥榣et the dhenu without its 办颈艣辞谤补 be brought.鈥� Here also, by dhenu a mare is understood because it is only a mare which can be without 办颈艣辞谤补. 厂腻丑补肠补谤测补 (补蝉蝉辞肠颈补迟颈辞苍)鈥�搁腻尘补濒补办峁�m补峁嘺耻. Because of association with 尝补办峁�m补峁嘺, 搁腻尘补 here means son of Da艣aratha, Virodha (opposition) 鈥�搁腻尘腻谤箩耻苍补耻. Here 搁腻尘补 means Para艣ur膩ma because of his well-known opposition to Arjuna. Artha = meaning and 辫谤补办补谤补峁嘺 = context have been illustrated under the previous verse. 尝颈峁単补 = 颈苍诲颈肠补迟颈辞苍鈥�补办迟腻岣� 艣补谤办补谤腻岣� = sugar mixed with grease. From indications found elsewhere it is understood that butter is used for mixing. 搁腻尘腻谤箩耻苍补耻 can be taken as the example of the determination of meaning through the presence of another word. S膩marthya = suitability, abhir奴p膩ya kany膩 dey膩 = the girl must be given in marriage to a good-looking person. Through suitability, one understands a good-looking bridegroom. Auciti = propriety, 诲别艣补 = place, 办腻濒补 = time have already been illustrated under v. 314. It is well known that in the Veda, the meaning of a word is often determined by its accent (svara).]