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Dharmashastra (religious law)

Source: Wisdom Library: Dharma-艣膩stra

Artha (啶呧ぐ啷嵿ぅ) refers to the 鈥渢reasury鈥�. It is used throughout Dharma艣膩stra literature such as the 惭补苍耻蝉尘峁泃颈 and the 叠补耻诲丑腻测补苍补-诲丑补谤尘补蝉奴迟谤补.

: Google Books: 惭补苍耻蝉尘峁泃颈 with the 惭补苍耻产丑腻峁�y补

The term Artha (啶呧ぐ啷嵿ぅ, 鈥減urpose鈥�) stands for what is helpful; the meaning therefore is that what is mentioned here is the means for accomplishing what is helpful for man; (See the 惭补苍耻产丑腻峁�y补 verse 7.100-101)

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Dharmashastra (啶оぐ啷嵿ぎ啶多ぞ啶膏�嵿い啷嵿��, dharma艣膩stra) contains the instructions (shastra) regarding religious conduct of livelihood (dharma), ceremonies, jurisprudence (study of law) and more. It is categorized as smriti, an important and authoritative selection of books dealing with the Hindu lifestyle.

Purana and Itihasa (epic history)

: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: The Purana Index

Artha (啶呧ぐ啷嵿ぅ).鈥擝orn of dharma and buddhi¹ Its ills;² not to be earned by a king by illegitimate means and not to abuse it by giving it to undesirables.³

• 1) Bh膩gavata-pur膩峁嘺 IV. 1. 51; I. 2. 9.
• 2) Bh膩gavata-pur膩峁嘺 XI. 23. 17-21.
• 3) Matsya-pur膩峁嘺 220. 11; V膩yu-pur膩峁嘺 23. 81; 61. 130.

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The Purana (啶�啷佮ぐ啶距��, pur膩峁嘺s) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India鈥檚 vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.

M墨m膩峁僺膩 (school of philosophy)

: Srimatham: M墨m膩峁僺a: The Study of Hindu Exegesis

Artha (啶呧ぐ啷嵿ぅ, 鈥渕eaning鈥�) is the content carried by the words exchanged by people when communicating through language. In other words the communication of meaning is the purpose and function of language. A sentence therefore should convey an idea from one person to another. Meanings may take many forms, such as evoking a certain abstract idea, conveying an emotion, or denoting a certain real-world entity.

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Mimamsa (啶�啷�啶�啶距�傕じ啶�, m墨m膩峁僺膩) refers to one of the six orthodox Hindu schools of philosophy, emphasizing the nature of dharma and the philosophy of language. The literature in this school is also known for its in-depth study of ritual actions and social duties.

Vastushastra (architecture)

Source: Wisdom Library: V膩stu-艣膩stra

Artha (啶呧ぐ啷嵿ぅ, 鈥渕aterial goods鈥�) refers to one of the ten effects of vyaya (鈥渓辞蝉蝉鈥�), according to the M膩nas膩ra. Vyaya is the second of the 腻测腻诲颈峁�a岣峷补谤驳补, or 鈥渟ix principles鈥� that constitute the 鈥渉oroscope鈥� of an architectural or iconographic object. Their application is intended to 鈥渧erify鈥� the measurements of the architectural and iconographic object against the dictates of astrology that lay out the conditions of auspiciousness.

The particular vyaya (e.g., artha) of all architectural and iconographic objects (settlement, building, image) must be calculated and ascertained. This process is based on the principle of the remainder. An arithmetical formula to be used in each case is stipulated, which engages one of the basic dimensions of the object (breadth, length, or perimeter/circumference). Like in the case of the fruits of 腻测补, all ten effects of vyaya must be considered as auspicious.

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Vastushastra (啶掂ぞ啶膏�嵿い啷佮ざ啶距じ啷嵿い啷嵿��, 惫腻stu艣膩stra) refers to the ancient Indian science (shastra) of architecture (vastu), dealing with topics such architecture, sculpture, town-building, fort building and various other constructions. Vastu also deals with the philosophy of the architectural relation with the cosmic universe.

Vyakarana (Sanskrit grammar)

: Wikisource: A dictionary of Sanskrit grammar

Artha (啶呧ぐ啷嵿ぅ).鈥�(I) lit.signification,conveyed sense or object. The sense is sometimes looked upon as a determinant of the foot of a verse: cf. 啶�啷嵿ぐ啶距く啷嬥ぐ啷嵿ぅ啷� 啶掂�冟い啷嵿い啶�啶苦い啷嵿く啷囙い啷� 啶�啶距う啶溹�嵿�炧ぞ啶ㄠじ啷嵿�� 啶灌�囙い啶掂�� (pr膩yortho v峁泃tamityete p膩daj帽膩nasya hetava岣�) R. Pr. XVII 16. It is generally looked upon as the determinant of a word (啶�啶� (pada)). A unit or element of a word which is possessed of an independent sense is looked upon as a Pada in the old Grammar treatises; cf. 啶呧ぐ啷嵿ぅ啶� 啶�啶︵ぎ啶苦い啶� 啶愢え啷嵿う啷嵿ぐ啷� (补谤迟丑补岣� padamiti aindre); cf. also 啶呧ぐ啷嵿ぅ啶� 啶�啶︵ぎ啷� (补谤迟丑补岣� padam) V. Pr. III.2, explained by 啶夃さ啷嵿さ啶� (耻惫惫补峁璦) as 啶呧ぐ啷嵿ぅ啶距き啶苦ぇ啶距く啶� 啶�啶︵ぎ啷� 啷� 啶�啶︵�嵿く啶む�� 啶椸ぎ啷嵿く啶む�� 啶溹�嵿�炧ぞ啶�啶む�� (arth膩bhidh膩yi padam | padyate gamyate j帽腻测补te)S啶班�嵿ぅ啷�-啶ㄠ�囙え啷囙い啶� 啶�啶︵ぎ啷� 啷� (rtho-neneti padam |) There is no difference of opinion regarding the fact that, out of the four standard kinds of words 啶ㄠぞ啶�, 啶嗋�栢�嵿く啶距い, 啶夃お啶膏ぐ啷嵿�� (苍腻尘补, 腻办丑测腻迟补, upasarga) and 啶ㄠた啶�啶距�� (苍颈辫腻迟补), the first two kinds 啶ㄠぞ啶� (苍腻尘补) and 啶嗋�栢�嵿く啶距い (腻办丑测腻迟补) do possess an independent sense of their own. Regarding possession of sense and the manner in which the sense is conveyed, by the other two viz. the Upasargas (prepositions) and Nip膩tas (particles) there is a striking difference of opinion among scholars of grammar. Although P膩峁噄ni has given the actual designation 啶�啶� (pada) to words ending with either the case or the conjugational affixes, he has looked upon the different units or elements of a Pada such as the base, the affix, the augment and the like as possessed of individually separate senses. There is practically nothing in P膩峁噄ni's 蝉奴迟谤补蝉 to prove that Nip膩tas and Upasargas do not possess an independent sense. Re: Nip膩tas, the rule 啶氞ぞ啶︵く啷嬥そ啶膏い啷嵿さ啷� (肠腻诲补测辞'蝉补迟惫别), which means that 啶� (ca) and other indeclinables are called Nip膩tas when they do not mean 啶膏い啷嵿い啷嵿さ (sattva), presents a riddle as to the meaning which 啶� (ca) and the like should convey if they do not mean 啶膏い啷嵿い啷嵿さ (sattva) or 啶︵�嵿ぐ啶掂�嵿く (dravya) i.e. a substance. The Nip膩tas cannot mean 啶�啶距�� (产丑腻惫补) or verbal activity and if they do not mean 啶膏い啷嵿さ (satva) or 啶︵�嵿ぐ啶掂�嵿く (dravya), too, they will have to be called 啶呧え啶班�嵿ぅ啶� (anarthaka) (absolutely meaningless) and in that case they would not be termed Pr膩tipadika, and no caseaffix would be applied to them. To avoid this difficulty, the V膩rtikak膩ra had to make an effort and he wrote a V膩rtika 啶ㄠた啶�啶距い啶膏�嵿く 啶呧え啶班�嵿ぅ啶曕じ啷嵿�� 啶�啷嵿ぐ啶距い啶苦お啶︵た啶曕い啷嵿さ啶�啷� 啷� (苍颈辫腻迟补sya anarthakasya pr膩tipadikatvam |) P. I.2.45 V膩r. 12. As a matter of fact the Nip膩tas 啶�, 啶掂ぞ (ca, 惫腻) and others do possess a sense as shown by their presence and absence (啶呧え啷嵿さ啶� (anvaya) and 啶掂�嵿く啶むた啶班�囙�� (vyatireka)). The sense, however, is conveyed rather in a different manner as the word 啶膏ぎ啷傕す (蝉补尘奴丑补), or 啶膏ぎ啷佮う啶距く (samud腻测补), which is the meaning conveyed by 啶� (ca) in 啶班ぞ啶�啶� 啶曕�冟し啷嵿ぃ啶多�嵿�� (r膩ma岣� 办峁涐梗峁嘺艣ca), cannot be substituted for 啶� (ca) as its Synonym in the sentence 啶班ぞ啶�啶� 啶曕�佮し啷嵿ぃ啶多�嵿�� (r膩ma岣� ku峁ａ箛a艣ca). Looking to the different ways in which their sense is conveyed by nouns and verbs on the one hand, and by affixes, prepositions and indeclinables on the other hand, 叠丑补谤迟峁沨补谤颈, possibly following Y膩ska and 痴测腻岣峣, has developed the theory of 啶︵�嵿く啷嬥い啶曕い啷嵿�� (dyotakatva) as contrasted with 啶掂ぞ啶氞�曕い啷嵿�� (惫腻cakatva) and laid down the dictum that indeclinables, affixes and prepositions (啶夃お啶膏ぐ啷嵿�� (upasarga)s) do not directly convey any specific sense as their own, but they are mere signs to show some specific property or excellence of the sense conveyed by the word to which they are attached; cf. also the statement '啶� 啶ㄠた啶班�嵿が啶︵�嵿ぇ啶� 啶夃お啶膏ぐ啷嵿�椸�� 啶呧ぐ啷嵿ぅ啶距え啷嵿え啶苦ぐ啶距す啷佮ぐ啶苦い啶� 啶多ぞ啶曕�熰ぞ啶�啶ㄠ�� 啶ㄠぞ啶�啶距�栢�嵿く啶距い啶�啷嬥じ啷嵿い啷� 啶曕ぐ啷嵿ぎ啷嬥お啶膏�傕く啷囙�椸う啷嵿く啷嬥い啶曕ぞ 啶�啶掂え啷嵿い啶� 啷� (na nirbaddh膩 upasarg膩 arth膩nnir膩huriti 艣膩ka峁�腻测补na岣� n膩m腻办丑测腻迟补yostu karmopasa峁儁egadyotak膩 bhavanti |) Nir 1.3. The Grammarians, just like the rhetoricians have stated hat the connection between words and their senses is a permanent one (啶ㄠた啶む�嵿�� (nitya)), the only difference in their views being that the rhetoricians state that words are related; no doubt permanently, to their sense by means of 啶膏�傕�曕�囙�� (蝉补峁僰别迟补) or convention which solely depends on the will of God, while the Grammarians say that the expression of sense is only a natural function of words; cf. '啶呧き啶苦ぇ啶距え啶� 啶�啷佮え啶� 啶膏�嵿さ啶距き啶距さ啶苦�曕ぎ啷� (abhidh膩na峁� puna岣� s惫腻bh膩vikam)' V膩rttika No.33. on P. I.2.64. For 啶︵�嵿く啷嬥い啶曕い啷嵿�� (dyotakatva) see V膩kyapad墨ya of 叠丑补谤迟峁沨补谤颈 II. 165-206.

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膧谤迟丑补 (啶嗋ぐ啷嵿ぅ).鈥擱esultant from sense; made up of sense; 啶呧ぐ啷嵿ぅ啶膏�嵿�� 啶呧く啶�啷� 啶嗋ぐ啷嵿ぅ (arthasya ayam 膩rtha); cf 啶むう啶�-啶︵た啶むう啶ㄠ�嵿い啶む�嵿さ啶�啶距ぐ啷嵿ぅ啶膏ぎ啶距�溹�椸�嵿ぐ啶膏�嵿い啶�啷� (迟补诲腻-诲颈迟补诲补苍迟补迟惫补尘腻谤迟丑补蝉补尘腻箩补驳谤补蝉迟补尘) Par. 艢ek. on Pari.37.

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Vyakarana (啶掂�嵿く啶距�曕ぐ啶�, vy膩kara峁嘺) refers to Sanskrit grammar and represents one of the six additional sciences (vedanga) to be studied along with the Vedas. Vyakarana concerns itself with the rules of Sanskrit grammar and linguistic analysis in order to establish the correct context of words and sentences.

Shaivism (Shaiva philosophy)

: Shodhganga: Mantra-s膩dhana: Chapter One of the Kak峁�apu峁璦tantra

Artha (啶呧ぐ啷嵿ぅ, 鈥渨ealth鈥�) is accomplished by performing 尘补苍迟谤补蝉腻诲丑补苍补 (preparatory procedures) beginning with 箩补辫补尘腻濒腻 using a rosary bead made of lotus seed beads or conch shell beads, according to the Kak峁�apu峁璦tantra verse 1.43. Accordingly, 鈥渇or the accomplishment of all kinds of 办腻尘补 (love), one should recite a mantra using a rosary made of 谤耻诲谤腻办峁�a beads. For the accomplishment of dharma (virtue), artha (wealth), 办腻尘补 (love), and 尘辞办峁�a (liberation), one should recite a mantra using a rosary made of lotus seed beads鈥�.

According to verse 1.47, 鈥渢o achieve artha (wealth), a rosary should be made from conch shell beads. To accomplish the 苍颈诲丑腻苍补 (treasure) and Yak峁�i峁嚹� ritual, the rosary should be strung with a white thread鈥�

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Shaiva (啶多�堗��, 艣aiva) or Shaivism (艣aivism) represents a tradition of Hinduism worshiping Shiva as the supreme being. Closely related to Shaktism, Shaiva literature includes a range of scriptures, including Tantras, while the root of this tradition may be traced back to the ancient Vedas.

Nyaya (school of philosophy)

: Shodhganga: A study of Ny腻测补-vai艣e峁�ika categories

Artha (啶呧ぐ啷嵿ぅ, 鈥渟enses鈥�) refers to the 鈥渙bject of senses鈥� and represents one of the twelve prameya (鈥渙bjects of valid knowledge) according to the first chapter of Gautama鈥檚 Ny腻测补s奴tra (2nd century CE). Prameya in turn represents the second of the sixteen 辫补诲腻谤迟丑补蝉 (鈥渃补迟别驳辞谤颈别蝉鈥�). Accordingly, 鈥�arthas are smell, taste, colour, touch and sound. These are the qualities of the earth鈥�.

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Nyaya (啶ㄠ�嵿く啶距��, nyaya) refers to a school of Hindu philosophy (astika), drawing its subject-matter from the Upanishads. The Nyaya philosophy is known for its theories on logic, methodology and epistemology, however, it is closely related with Vaisheshika in terms of metaphysics.

Vaishnavism (Vaishava dharma)

: Pure Bhakti: Bhagavad-gita (4th edition)

Artha (啶呧ぐ啷嵿ぅ) refers to 鈥渨ealth, the second material goal of human life (See dharma, 办腻尘补 and 尘辞办峁�a)鈥�. (cf. Glossary page from 艢谤墨尘补诲-叠丑补驳补惫补诲-骋墨迟腻).

: Pure Bhakti: Bhajana-rahasya - 2nd Edition

Artha (啶呧ぐ啷嵿ぅ) refers to:鈥擜cquisition of wealth, economic development; one of the four goals of human life (辫耻谤耻峁Ｄ乺迟丑补蝉). (cf. Glossary page from Bhajana-Rahasya).

: Pure Bhakti: Brhad Bhagavatamrtam

Artha (啶呧ぐ啷嵿ぅ) refers to:鈥擜cquisition of wealth; economic development; one of the four goals of human life. (cf. Glossary page from 艢r墨 B峁沨ad-bh膩ga惫补迟腻m峁泃a).

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Vaishnava (啶掂�堗し啷嵿ぃ啶�, vai峁ａ箛ava) or vaishnavism (vai峁ａ箛avism) represents a tradition of Hinduism worshipping Vishnu as the supreme Lord. Similar to the Shaktism and Shaivism traditions, Vaishnavism also developed as an individual movement, famous for its exposition of the dashavatara (鈥榯en avatars of Vishnu鈥�).

Ayurveda (science of life)

: gurumukhi.ru: Ayurveda glossary of terms

1) Artha (啶呧ぐ啷嵿ぅ):鈥擮bjects of sensory perception

2) [补谤迟丑补岣�] ''(1) Heart a hollow muscular contractile organ, the centre of circulatory system. ''

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膧yurveda (啶嗋く啷佮ぐ啷嵿さ啷囙う, ayurveda) is a branch of Indian science dealing with medicine, herbalism, taxology, anatomy, surgery, alchemy and related topics. Traditional practice of 膧yurveda in ancient India dates back to at least the first millenium BC. Literature is commonly written in Sanskrit using various poetic metres.

Jyotisha (astronomy and astrology)

Source: Wisdom Library: Brihat Samhita by Varahamihira

Artha (啶呧ぐ啷嵿ぅ) refers to 鈥渨ealth鈥�, according to the B峁沨atsa峁僪it膩 (chapter 15) (鈥淥n the 苍补办峁�a迟谤补蝉鈥斺赌榓蝉迟别谤颈蝉尘蝉鈥欌赌�), an encyclopedic Sanskrit work written by Var膩hamihira mainly focusing on the science of ancient Indian astronomy astronomy (Jyoti峁�a).鈥擜ccordingly, 鈥淭hose who are born on the lunar day of Punarvasu will be noted for truthfulness, generosity, cleanliness, respectable descent, personal beauty, sense, fame and wealth (artha); they will also be merchants, dealing in excellent articles, will be fond of service and will delight in the company of painters and sculptors. [...]鈥�.

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Jyotisha (啶溹�嵿く啷嬥い啶苦��, 箩测辞迟颈峁�a or jyotish) refers to 鈥榓stronomy鈥� or 鈥淰edic astrology鈥� and represents the fifth of the six Vedangas (additional sciences to be studied along with the Vedas). Jyotisha concerns itself with the study and prediction of the movements of celestial bodies, in order to calculate the auspicious time for rituals and ceremonies.

Ganitashastra (Mathematics and Algebra)

: archive.org: Hindu Mathematics

Artha (啶呧ぐ啷嵿ぅ) represents the number 5 (five) in the 鈥渨ord-numeral system鈥� (产丑奴迟补蝉补峁僰丑测腻), which was used in Sanskrit texts dealing with astronomy, mathematics, metrics, as well as in the dates of inscriptions and manuscripts in ancient Indian literature.鈥擜 system of expressing numbers by means of words arranged as in the place-value notation was developed and perfected in India in the early centuries of the Christian era. In this system the numerals [e.g., 5鈥�artha] are expressed by names of things, beings or concepts, which, naturally or in accordance with the teaching of the 艢膩stras, connote numbers.

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Ganita (啶椸ぃ啶苦い) or Ganitashastra refers to the ancient Indian science of mathematics, algebra, number theory, arithmetic, etc. Closely allied with astronomy, both were commonly taught and studied in universities, even since the 1st millennium BCE. Ganita-shastra also includes ritualistic math-books such as the Shulba-sutras.

Sports, Arts and Entertainment (wordly enjoyments)

: archive.org: Syainika Sastra of Rudradeva with English Translation (art)

Artha (啶呧ぐ啷嵿ぅ) refers to 鈥渨ealth鈥� (which is obtaine by virtue), according to the 艢测补颈苍颈办补-艣腻蝉迟谤补: a Sanskrit treatise dealing with the divisions and benefits of Hunting and Hawking, written by R膩j膩 Rudradeva (or Candradeva) in possibly the 13th century.鈥擜ccordingly, 鈥淸...] It has been said that there are eighteen addictions. These are the outcome of the desire for earthly enjovments. [...] Wise men speak of that wife as a wife who has auspicious marks and who knows the fine arts, who is clever, who is loved by her husband, and who is young and modest. [...] Wealth (artha) is obtained by virtue; from wealth emanate desires, and the fulfilment of all desires can be obtained by means of a good wife alone and of nobody else. Therefore, a loving wife is the best fruit of the tree of virtue. [...]鈥�.

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This section covers the skills and profiencies of the Kalas (鈥減erforming arts鈥�) and Shastras (鈥渟ciences鈥�) involving ancient Indian traditions of sports, games, arts, entertainment, love-making and other means of wordly enjoyments. Traditionally these topics were dealt with in Sanskrit treatises explaing the philosophy and the justification of enjoying the pleasures of the senses.

Vedanta (school of philosophy)

: Wikisource: Ashtavakra Gita

1) Artha (啶呧ぐ啷嵿ぅ) refers to 鈥済ain鈥� (as opposed to Anartha鈥斺�渓oss鈥�), according to the A峁ａ弓膩vakrag墨t膩 (5th century BC), an ancient text on spirituality dealing with Advaita-Ved膩nta topics.鈥擜ccordingly, [as A峁ａ弓avakra says to Janaka]: 鈥淎bandoning desire, the enemy, along with gain (artha), itself so full of loss (补苍补谤迟丑补-蝉补峁僰耻濒补) [vih腻测补 vairi峁嘺峁� 办腻尘补martha峁� c膩narthasa峁僰ulam], and the good deeds which are the cause of the other two - practice indifference to everything. Look on such things as friends, land, money, property, wife, and bequests as nothing but a dream or a three or five-day conjuror's show. [...]鈥�.

2) Artha (啶呧ぐ啷嵿ぅ) refers to 鈥減ossessions鈥� (which does not affect a true Yog墨).鈥擜ccordingly, [as Janaka says to A峁ａ弓avakra]: 鈥淯sing the tweezers of the knowledge of the truth I have managed to extract the painful thorn of endless opinions from the recesses of my heart. For me, established in my own glory, there is no religion, sensuality, possessions (artha), philosophy, duality or even non-duality. [...]鈥�.

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Vedanta (啶掂�囙う啶距え啷嵿��, ved膩nta) refers to a school of orthodox Hindu philosophy (astika), drawing its subject-matter from the Upanishads. There are a number of sub-schools of Vedanta, however all of them expound on the basic teaching of the ultimate reality (brahman) and liberation (moksha) of the individual soul (atman).

General definition (in Hinduism)

: WikiPedia: Hinduism

Artha (啶呧ぐ啷嵿ぅ): Wealth, one of the objects of human life, the others being Dharma, (righteousness), Kama (satisfaction of desires), Moksha (spiritual salvation).

In Buddhism

Tibetan Buddhism (Vajrayana or tantric Buddhism)

: archive.org: The Indian Buddhist Iconography

Artha (啶呧ぐ啷嵿ぅ, 鈥渁nalysis鈥�) or 础谤迟丑补辫谤补迟颈蝉补峁僾颈迟 refers to one of four Pratisa峁僾it Goddesses, as commonly depicted in Buddhist Iconography, and mentioned in the 11th-century Ni峁�pannayog膩val墨 of Mah膩pa峁囜笉ita Abhay膩kara.鈥擧er Colour is green; her Symbol is the noose; she has two arms.

Artha is described in the Ni峁�pannayog膩val墨 (dharmadh膩tu惫腻g墨艣vara-ma峁囜笉ala) as follows:鈥�

鈥淚n the South, there is Artha-Pratisa峁僾it of the colour of an emerald and holding in her two hands the jewel and the noose鈥�.

[A statuette of this obscure deity is found in the Chinese collection.]

context information

Tibetan Buddhism includes schools such as Nyingma, Kadampa, Kagyu and Gelug. Their primary canon of literature is divided in two broad categories: The Kangyur, which consists of Buddha鈥檚 words, and the Tengyur, which includes commentaries from various sources. Esotericism and tantra techniques (惫补箩谤补测腻苍补) are collected indepently.

Mahayana (major branch of Buddhism)

: academia.edu: A Study and Translation of the Gaganaga帽japarip峁沜ch膩

Artha (啶呧ぐ啷嵿ぅ) refers to 鈥�(the imperishable) knowledge of the meaning鈥�, according to the Gaganaga帽japarip峁沜ch膩: the eighth chapter of the Mah膩sa峁儾跃北枘宄俨� (a collection of Mah膩y膩na Buddhist S奴tras).鈥擜ccordingly as The Lord said: 鈥淥 艢膩riputra, in the buddha-field of the Tath膩gata Ekaratnavy奴ha, there is a Bodhisattva, the great being Gaganaga帽ja who is resplendent by the splendor of merit (辫耻峁噛补-迟别箩补蝉), [...] who is purified in the realm of five eyes adorned with the [divine] sight (肠补办峁�u蝉), is endowed with the essence of understanding of all meaning with sound as adorned with the [divine] hearing, teaches the imperishable knowledge of the meaning (补办峁�a测补-补谤迟丑补), dharmas, interpretation, and eloquence as adorned with special knowledge (辫谤补迟颈蝉补峁僾颈诲), [...]鈥�.

context information

Mahayana (啶�啶灌ぞ啶�啶距え, mah膩y膩na) is a major branch of Buddhism focusing on the path of a Bodhisattva (spiritual aspirants/ enlightened beings). Extant literature is vast and primarely composed in the Sanskrit language. There are many 蝉奴迟谤补蝉 of which some of the earliest are the various Praj帽膩p膩ramit膩 蝉奴迟谤补蝉.

General definition (in Buddhism)

Source: Wisdom Library: Dharma-samgraha

Artha (啶呧ぐ啷嵿ぅ, 鈥渕eaning鈥�) or Artha辫谤补迟颈蝉补峁僾颈诲 refers to one of the 鈥渇our analytical knowledges鈥� (辫谤补迟颈蝉补峁僾颈诲) as defined in the Dharma-sa峁僩raha (section 51). The Dharma-samgraha (Dharmasangraha) is an extensive glossary of Buddhist technical terms in Sanskrit (e.g., artha). The work is attributed to Nagarjuna who lived around the 2nd century A.D.

In Jainism

General definition (in Jainism)

: Encyclopedia of Jainism: Tattvartha Sutra

1) Artha (啶呧ぐ啷嵿ぅ, 鈥渟ubstance鈥�).鈥攁ccording to the 2nd-century Tatt惫腻rthas奴tra 1.2, 鈥淏elief in substances (artha) and their modes as they are is right faith鈥�. What is the meaning of artha? The conclusion and ascertainment about an entity (existent) is called artha.

2) Artha (啶呧ぐ啷嵿ぅ, 鈥渆ntity鈥�).鈥擶hat is the meaning of object (of knowledge) or entity (artha)? An entity or the object of knowledge is called artha. In the context of mind-based knowledge it implies the object which continues to be the object in all four stages of mind based knowledge. However in the context of sensation /awareness only, arth膩vagraha is known as object-perception / awareness.

context information

Jainism is an Indian religion of Dharma whose doctrine revolves around harmlessness (ahimsa) towards every living being. The two major branches (Digambara and Svetambara) of Jainism stimulate self-control (or, shramana, 鈥榮elf-reliance鈥�) and spiritual development through a path of peace for the soul to progess to the ultimate goal.

India history and geography

: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Indian Epigraphical Glossary

Artha.鈥�(IE 7-1-2), 鈥榝ive鈥�, (CII 1), a cause or matter. (CII 1), business. Note: artha is defined in the 鈥淚ndian epigraphical glossary鈥� as it can be found on ancient inscriptions commonly written in Sanskrit, Prakrit or Dravidian languages.

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The history of India traces the identification of countries, villages, towns and other regions of India, as well as mythology, zoology, royal dynasties, rulers, tribes, local festivities and traditions and regional languages. Ancient India enjoyed religious freedom and encourages the path of Dharma, a concept common to Buddhism, Hinduism, and Jainism.

Languages of India and abroad

Marathi-English dictionary

: DDSA: The Molesworth Marathi and English Dictionary

artha (啶呧ぐ啷嵿ぅ).鈥攎 (S) Meaning, signification, sense, import, interpretation. 2 Meaning, intent, aim; matter purposed or proposed. 3 Substance, wealth, property. 4 A thing or matter to be attained or accomplished, an object. Ex. dharma artha 办腻尘补 膩峁噄 尘艒办峁�a h膿 puru峁Ｄ乧膿 a0; Sansk. adage artha 惫腻 s膩dhay膿ta d膿ha峁� 惫腻 p膩tay膿t Success or death; my object accomplished or my life sacrificed. 5 One of the four grand objects of the human affections and faculties, viz. the pleasures conferred by fame, power, and riches. See severally dharma, artha, 办腻尘补, & 尘艒办峁�a. 6 A material substance; a created thing; any entity or object of sense: also an existence or relation in the widest sense; any object of the exercise of the mental faculties. 7 Fruit, product, consequence. 8 Desiring, desire, seeking. 9 Substance, strength, goodness, virtue. Ex. hy膩 艣膿t膩nta 膩t膩峁� k膩峁僪墨峁� a0 苍腻丑墨峁� 10 artha is constantly occurring in learned discourse in the compounds 濒补办峁�y腻谤迟丑补 Indicated, implied, or tacitlyinculcated sense; 惫腻cy膩rtha Declared or expressed sense; 惫测补峁単测腻谤迟丑补 Insinuated or covertly-intimated sense. 11 In comp. For the purpose or sake of; in order to. Ex. 艣墨tani惫腻ra峁嚹乺tha For the purpose of warding off the cold; 补诲丑测补测补苍腻谤迟丑补 In order to study; udarap艒峁�a峁嚹乺tha, d膿惫补迟腻rcan膩rtha, d膩n膩rtha, graha峁嚹乺tha, gaman膩rtha, kathan膩rtha &c. 12 The learner must prepare himself to meet with some lax uses of this word: as jy膩 a谤迟丑墨峁� tumh墨 m膩gat膩峁� ty膩 a谤迟丑墨峁� dilh膿峁� p膩hij膿 Since you ask for it, so we must give it to you. k艒峁嘺ty膩h墨 arth膩n膿峁� tumac膿峁� vh膩v膿峁� In some way or other; whatever be the state of the case. 13 In law. A suit or case; an action. 14 artha answers closely to the word MATTER as bearing the wide sense of Thing to be done, or uttered, or understood, believed, thought &c. Ex. 惫腻lh膩 j膩h膩l膩 sadradita || mha峁嚹撫箖 kais膩 artha kar奴峁� 膩t膩峁� || Also as per the common as膩 artha 苍腻丑墨峁� This is not the thing--the matter--(the thing said, intended, actual, come about &c.) 15 Regard or care for; sense of need of or interest in. Ex. sar惫腻峁僺a sar惫腻帽c膩 artha as膩惫腻. arth膩c膿 tuka岣嵞� bh膩ga惫补迟腻cy膩 cindhy膩 Used of strained and wild exposition or interpretation. arth膩l膩 mara峁嚹撫箖 To be extravagantly eager in pursuit of one's own interest.

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膩rtha (啶嗋ぐ啷嵿ぅ) [or 啶嗋ぐ啷嵿ぅ啶苦��, 膩rthika].鈥攁 S Relating to artha the matter or subject; belonging to the sense or meaning;--as disting. from 艣腻产诲补 Relating to words or style. 2 Implied, involved.

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artha (啶呧ぐ啷嵿ぅ).鈥�. Add:--16 In modern Mara峁環i grammar. Mood. See sa峁卥膿t膩rtha, vidhyartha or 膩j帽膩rtha, s惫腻rtha, 艣aky膩rtha.

: DDSA: The Aryabhusan school dictionary, Marathi-English

artha (啶呧ぐ啷嵿ぅ).鈥�m Meaning, signification, sense, import. Intent, aim, matter purposed or proposed. Substance, wealth. An object. Substance, strength, good- ness, virtue. Ex. hy膩 艣膿t膩nta 膩t膩峁� k膩峁僪墨峁� artha 苍腻丑墨峁�. In comp. For the purpose or sake of, in order to. jy膩 a谤迟丑墨-ty膩 a谤迟丑墨 Since- So. s惫腻rtha Self-interest. Selfishness.

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膩rtha (啶嗋ぐ啷嵿ぅ) [or 膩rthika, or 啶嗋ぐ啷嵿ぅ啶苦�昡.鈥�a Relating to the subject or sense or meaning. Implied.

context information

Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.

Sanskrit dictionary

: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary

Artha (啶呧ぐ啷嵿ぅ).鈥擺In some of its senses from arth; in others from 峁�-迟丑补苍 U峁嚹乨i-s奴tra 2.4; arthate hyasau arthibhi岣� Nir.]

1) Object, purpose, end and aim; wish, desire; 啶溹�嵿�炧ぞ啶むぞ啶班�嵿ぅ啷� 啶溹�嵿�炧ぞ啶むじ啶傕が啶ㄠ�嵿ぇ啶� 啶多�嵿ぐ啷嬥い啷佮�� 啶多�嵿ぐ啷嬥い啶� 啶�啷嵿ぐ啶掂ぐ啷嵿い啶む��, 啶膏た啶︵�嵿ぇ��, 掳啶�啶班た啶�啶ㄠ�嵿ぅ啷� (j帽膩t膩rtho j帽膩tasa峁僢andha岣� 艣rotu峁� 艣rot膩 pravartate, siddha掳, 掳paripanth墨) Mu.5; 掳啶掂ざ啶距い啷� (惫补艣腻迟) 5.8; 啶膏�嵿ぎ啶班�嵿い啶掂�嵿く啷嬥そ啶膏�嵿ぎ啶� 啶膏い啷嵿く啶班�嵿ぅ啷� (smartavyo'smi satyarthe) 顿补艣补办耻尘腻谤补肠补谤颈迟补 117 if it be necessary; Y.2.46; M.4.6; oft. used in this sense as the last member of compounds and translated by 'for', 'intended for', 'for the sake of', 'on account of', 'on behalf of', and used like an adj. to qualify nouns; 啶呧ぐ啷嵿ぅ啷囙え 啶む�� 啶ㄠた啶む�嵿��- 啶膏ぎ啶距じ啷� 啶掂た啶多�囙し啷嵿く啶ㄠた啶樴�嵿ぐ啶むぞ 啶� (arthena tu nitya- sam膩so vi艣e峁�yanighrat膩 ca) 痴腻谤迟.; 啶膏え啷嵿い啶距え啶距ぐ啷嵿ぅ啶距く 啶掂た啶оく啷� (sant膩n膩rth腻测补 vidhaye) R.1.34; 啶むぞ啶� 啶︵�囙さ啶むぞ啶�啶苦い啷嵿ぐ啶むた啶ムた啶曕�嵿ぐ啶苦く啶距ぐ啷嵿ぅ啶距ぎ啷� (t膩峁� de惫补迟腻pitratithikriy膩rth膩m) (dhenum) 2.16; 啶︵�嵿さ啶苦�溹ぞ啶班�嵿ぅ啶� 啶�啶掂ぞ啶椸�傕�� (dvij膩rth膩 ya惫腻g奴岣�) Sk.; 啶�啶溹�嵿�炧ぞ啶班�嵿ぅ啶距い啷嵿�曕ぐ啷嵿ぎ啶｀�嬥そ啶ㄠ�嵿く啶む�嵿ぐ (测补箩帽腻谤迟丑腻迟办补谤尘补峁噊'苍测补迟谤补) Bhagavadg墨t膩 (Bombay) 3.9. It mostly occurs in this sense as 啶呧ぐ啷嵿ぅ啶�啷�, 啶呧ぐ啷嵿ぅ啷� (artham, arthe) or 啶呧ぐ啷嵿ぅ啶距く (arth腻测补) and has an adverbial force; (a) 啶曕た啶�啶班�嵿ぅ啶�啷� (kimartham) for what purpose, why; 啶�啶︵ぐ啷嵿ぅ啶�啷� (yadartham) for whom or which; 啶掂�囙げ啷嬥お啶侧�曕�嵿し啶｀ぞ啶班�嵿ぅ啶�啷� (惫别濒辞辫补濒补办峁�a峁嚹乺迟丑补尘) 艢.4; 啶むう啷嵿う啶班�嵿ざ啶ㄠぞ啶︵き啷傕�氞�嵿�涏ぎ啷嵿き啷嬥ぐ啷嵿き啷傕く啶距え啷嵿う啶距ぐ啶距ぐ啷嵿ぅ- 啶�啶距う啶班�� (taddar艣an膩dabh奴cchambhorbh奴y膩nd膩r膩rtha- m膩dara岣�) Kum膩rasambhava 6.13; (b) 啶�啶班ぞ啶班�嵿ぅ啷� 啶�啷嵿ぐ啶距�溹�嵿�� 啶夃い啷嵿じ啷冟�溹�囙い啷� (par膩rthe pr膩j帽a uts峁沯et) H.1.41; 啶椸さ啶距ぐ啷嵿ぅ啷� 啶�啷嵿ぐ啶距す啷嵿ぎ啶｀ぞ啶班�嵿ぅ啷� 啶� (ga惫腻rthe br膩hma峁嚹乺the ca) 笔补帽肠补迟补苍迟谤补 (Bombay) 1.42; 啶�啶︵ぐ啷嵿ぅ啷� 啶む�嵿く啶曕�嵿い啶溹��啶掂た啶むぞ啶� (madarthe tyaktaj墨vit膩岣�) Bhagavadg墨t膩 (Bombay) 1.9; (c) 啶膏�佮�栢ぞ啶班�嵿ぅ啶距�� (sukh膩rth腻测补) 笔补帽肠补迟补苍迟谤补 (Bombay) 4.18; 啶�啷嵿ぐ啶む�嵿く啶距�栢�嵿く啶距い啶� 啶�啶�啶� 啶むい啷嵿ぐ 啶ㄠげ啶膏�嵿く啶距ぐ啷嵿ぅ啶距�� 啶︵�囙さ啶むぞ啶� (praty膩khy膩t膩 may膩 tatra nalasy膩rth腻测补 de惫补迟腻岣�) Nala.13.19; 啶嬥い啷佮お啶班�嵿ぃ啶膏�嵿く 啶氞ぞ啶班�嵿ぅ啶距�� (峁泃upar峁嘺sya c膩rth腻测补) 23.9.

2) Cause, motive, reason, ground, means; 啶呧げ啷佮お啷嵿い啶多�嵿�� 啶�啷佮え啷囙�� 啶曕�嵿ぐ啶苦く啶距ぐ啷嵿ぅ啶� (alupta艣ca mune岣� kriy膩rtha岣�) R. 2.55 means or cause; 啶呧い啷嬥そ啶班�嵿ぅ啶距い啷� (补迟辞'谤迟丑腻迟) 惭补苍耻蝉尘峁泃颈 2.213.

3) Meaning, sense, signification, import; 啶呧ぐ啷嵿ぅ (artha) is of 3 kinds:-- 啶掂ぞ啶氞�嵿�� (惫腻cya) or expressed, 啶侧�曕�嵿し啷嵿く (濒补办峁�y补) or indicated (secondary), and 啶掂�嵿く啶權�嵿�椸�嵿く (惫测补峁単测补) or suggested; 啶むう啶︵�嬥し啷� 啶多が啷嵿う啶距ぐ啷嵿ぅ啷� (tadado峁�au 艣abd膩rthau) K. P.1; 啶呧ぐ啷嵿ぅ啷� 啶掂ぞ啶氞�嵿く啶多�嵿�� 啶侧�曕�嵿し啷嵿く啶多�嵿�� 啶掂�嵿く啶權�嵿�椸�嵿く啶多�嵿�氞�囙い啶� 啶む�嵿ぐ啶苦ぇ啶� 啶�啶む�� (artho 惫腻cya艣ca 濒补办峁�y补艣ca 惫测补峁単测补艣ceti tridh膩 mata岣�) S. D.2; 啶掂ぞ啶椸ぐ啷嵿ぅ啶距さ啶苦さ (惫腻garth膩viva) R.1.1; 啶呧さ啷囙�曕�嵿し啷嵿く 啶оぞ啶む�嬥ぐ啷嵿�椸ぎ啶ㄠぞ啶班�嵿ぅ啶�啶班�嵿ぅ啶掂た啶む�� (avek峁�ya dh膩torgaman膩rthamarthavit) 3.21.

4) A thing, object, substance; 啶侧�曕�嵿し啷嵿ぎ啶｀�嬥そ啶班�嵿ぅ啶� 啶むい啶� 啶多�嵿ぐ啷佮い啷嵿さ啶� (lak峁�ma峁噊'rtha峁� tata岣� 艣rut惫腻) 搁腻尘.7.46.18; 啶呧ぐ啷嵿ぅ啷� 啶灌た 啶曕え啷嵿く啶� 啶�啶班�曕��啶� 啶忇さ (artho hi kany膩 parak墨ya eva) 艢.4.22; that which can be perceived by the senses, an object of sense; 啶囙え啷嵿う啷嵿ぐ啶苦く掳 (颈苍诲谤颈测补掳) H.1.146; Kum膩rasambhava 7.71; R.2.51; 啶� 啶ㄠた啶班�嵿が啶︵�嵿ぇ啶� 啶夃お啶膏ぐ啷嵿�椸�� 啶呧ぐ啷嵿ぅ啶距え啷嵿え啶苦ぐ啶距す啷佮�� (na nirbaddh膩 upasarg膩 arth膩nnir膩hu岣�) Nir.; 啶囙え啷嵿う啷嵿ぐ啶苦く啷囙き啷嵿く啶� 啶�啶班�� 啶灌�嵿く啶班�嵿ぅ啶� 啶呧ぐ啷嵿ぅ啷囙き啷嵿く啶多�嵿�� 啶�啶班�� 啶�啶ㄠ�� (indriyebhya岣� par膩 hyarth膩 arthebhya艣ca para峁� mana岣�) Ka峁環. (the objects of sense are five : r奴pa, rasa, gandha, spar艣a and 艣补产诲补); 啶多が啷嵿う啶� 啶膏�嵿お啶班�嵿ざ啷� 啶班じ啷� 啶椸え啷嵿ぇ啷� 啶班�傕お啶� 啶氞�囙い啷嵿く啶班�嵿ぅ啶溹ぞ啶むく啶� (艣补产诲补岣� spar艣o raso gandho r奴pa峁� cetyarthaj膩taya岣�) Bh膩gavata 11.22.16.

5) (a) An affair, business, matter, work; 啶�啷嵿ぐ啶距�曕�� 啶�啷嵿ぐ啶むた啶�啶ㄠ�嵿え啷嬥そ啶�啶�啶班�嵿ぅ啷嬥そ- 啶權�嵿�椸ぐ啶距�溹ぞ啶� (pr膩k pratipanno'yamartho'- 峁単ar膩j腻测补) Ve.3; 啶呧ぐ啷嵿ぅ啷嬥そ啶�啶�啶班�嵿ぅ啶距え啷嵿い啶班き啶距さ啷嵿�� 啶忇さ (artho'yamarth膩ntarabh膩vya eva) Kum膩rasambhava 3.18; 啶呧ぐ啷嵿ぅ啷嬥そ啶班�嵿ぅ啶�- 啶ㄠ�佮が啶ㄠ�嵿ぇ啷� (artho'rth膩- nubandh墨) 顿补艣补办耻尘腻谤补肠补谤颈迟补 67; 啶膏�權�嵿�椸��啶むぞ啶班�嵿ぅ啶� (蝉补峁単墨迟腻谤迟丑补岣�) Meghad奴ta 66 business of singing i. e. musical concert (apparatus of singing); 啶膏え啷嵿う啷囙ざ啶距ぐ啷嵿ぅ啶距�� (蝉补苍诲别艣腻谤迟丑腻岣�) Me. 5 matters of message, i. e. messages; (b) Interest, object; 啶膏�嵿さ啶距ぐ啷嵿ぅ啶膏ぞ啶оえ啶むい啷嵿お啶班�� (s惫腻rthas膩dhanatatpara岣�) 惭补苍耻蝉尘峁泃颈 4.196; 啶︵�嵿さ啶�啶�啷囙さ啶距ぐ啷嵿ぅ啶膏ぞ啶оえ啶�啷� (dvayame惫腻rthas膩dhanam) R.1. 19;2.21; 啶︵�佮ぐ啶距お啷囙そ啶班�嵿ぅ啷� (诲耻谤腻辫别'谤迟丑别) 1.72; 啶膏ぐ啷嵿さ啶距ぐ啷嵿ぅ啶氞た啶ㄠ�嵿い啶曕�� (sar惫腻rthacintaka岣�) 惭补苍耻蝉尘峁泃颈 7.121; 啶�啶距��- 啶掂た啶曕ぞ啶�啶距�� 啶� 啶�啷� 啶曕ざ啷嵿�氞た啶︵ぐ啷嵿ぅ啶� (m膩la- vik膩y膩峁� na me ka艣cid补谤迟丑补岣�) M.3 I have no interest in M. (c) Subject-matter, contents (as of letters &c.); 啶む�嵿さ啶距ぎ啶�- 啶椸い啶距ぐ啷嵿ぅ啶� 啶曕ぐ啶苦し啷嵿く啶むた (t惫腻mava- gat膩rtha峁� kari峁�yati) Mu.1 will acquaint you with the matter; 啶夃い啷嵿い啶班�嬥そ啶�啶� 啶侧�囙�栢ぞ啶班�嵿ぅ啶� (uttaro'ya峁� lekh膩rtha岣�) ibid.; 啶む�囙�� 啶灌た 啶呧じ啷嵿く 啶椸�冟す啷�啶むぞ啶班�嵿ぅ啶� 啶�啶掂ぞ啶�啶� (tena hi asya g峁沨墨t膩rth膩 bha惫腻mi) V.2 if so I should know its contents; 啶ㄠえ啷� 啶�啶班た啶椸�冟す啷�啶むぞ啶班�嵿ぅ啷嬥��- 啶膏�嵿ぎ啶� 啶曕�冟い啷� 啶�啶掂い啶� (nanu parig峁沨墨t膩rtho'- smi k峁泃o bha惫补迟腻) V.5; 啶むく啶� 啶�啶掂い啷嬥そ啶掂た啶ㄠく啶�啶ㄠ�嵿い啶班�囙ぃ 啶�啶班た啶椸�冟す啷�啶むぞ啶班�嵿ぅ啶� 啶曕�冟い啶� 啶︵�囙さ啷� (tay膩 bhavato'vinayamantare峁嘺 parig峁沨墨t膩rth膩 k峁泃膩 dev墨) M.4 made acquainted with; 啶む�嵿さ啶�啶� 啶椸�冟す啷�啶むぞ啶班�嵿ぅ啶�啶� 啶呧い啷嵿ぐ啶�啶掂い啷� 啶曕ぅ啶� 啶� 啶掂ぞ啶班た啶むぞ (tvay膩 g峁沨墨t膩rthay膩 atrabhavat墨 katha峁� na 惫腻rit膩) 3; 啶呧�椸�冟す啷�啶むぞ啶班�嵿ぅ啷� 啶嗋さ啶距ぎ啷� (ag峁沨墨t膩rthe 膩惫腻m) 艢.6; 啶囙い啶� 啶�啷屶ぐ啶距え啷� 啶椸�冟す啷�啶むぞ啶班�嵿ぅ啶距え啷� 啶曕�冟い啷嵿さ啶� (iti paur膩n g峁沨墨t膩rth膩n k峁泃惫腻) ibid.

6) Wealth, riches, property, money (said to be of 3 kinds : 艣耻办濒补 honestly got; 艣补产补濒补 got by more or less doubtful means, and 办峁涐梗峁嘺 dishonestly got;) 啶む�嵿く啶距�椸ぞ啶� 啶膏�傕き啷冟い啶距ぐ啷嵿ぅ啶距え啶距ぎ啷� (ty膩g腻测补 sa峁僢h峁泃膩rth膩n膩m) R.1.7; 啶оた啶椸ぐ啷嵿ぅ啶距�� 啶曕し啷嵿�熰じ啶傕ざ啷嵿ぐ啶�啶距�� (dhigarth膩岣� ka峁ａ弓asa峁兣況ay膩岣�) 笔补帽肠补迟补苍迟谤补 (Bombay) 1.163; 啶呧ぐ啷嵿ぅ啶距え啶距ぎ啶班�嵿�溹え啷� 啶︵�佮�冟�栢ぎ啷� (arth膩苍腻尘补rjane du岣�kham) ibid.; 啶膏じ啷嵿く啶距ぐ啷嵿ぅ啶距じ啷嵿い啶膏�嵿�� 啶�啶苦い啷嵿ぐ啶距ぃ啶� (sasy膩rth膩stasya mitr膩峁噄)1.3; 啶む�囙し啶距ぎ啶班�嵿ぅ啷� 啶ㄠた啶�啷佮�炧�嵿�溹��啶� 啶多�傕ぐ啶距え啷� 啶︵�曕�嵿し啶距え啷� 啶曕�佮げ啷嬥う啷嵿�椸い啶距え啷� (te峁Ｄ乵arthe niyu帽j墨ta 艣奴r膩n dak峁Ｄ乶 kulodgat膩n) 惭补苍耻蝉尘峁泃颈 7.62.

7) Attainment of riches or worldly prosperity, regarded as one of the four ends of human existence, the other three being 啶оぐ啷嵿ぎ, 啶曕ぞ啶� (dharma, 办腻尘补) and 啶�啷嬥�曕�嵿�� (尘辞办峁�a); with 啶呧ぐ啷嵿ぅ (artha) and 啶曕ぞ啶�, 啶оぐ啷嵿ぎ (办腻尘补, dharma) forms the well-known triad; cf. Kum膩rasambhava 5.38; 啶呧お啷嵿く啶班�嵿ぅ啶曕ぞ啶�啷� 啶むじ啷嵿く啶距じ啷嵿い啶距�� 啶оぐ啷嵿ぎ 啶忇さ 啶�啶ㄠ��啶粪た啶｀�� (apyartha办腻尘补u tasy膩st膩峁� dharma eva man墨峁�i峁嘺岣�) R.1.25.

8) (a) Use, advantage, profit, good; 啶むぅ啶� 啶灌た 啶膏ぐ啷嵿さ啷� 啶むじ啷嵿く啶距じ啶ㄠ�� 啶�啶班ぞ啶班�嵿ぅ啷堗�曕か啶侧�� 啶椸�佮ぃ啶距�� (tath膩 hi sarve tasy膩san par膩rthaikaphal膩 gu峁嚹佱弗) R.1.29 for the good of others; 啶呧ぐ啷嵿ぅ啶距え- 啶班�嵿ぅ啶距さ啷佮き啷� 啶�啷佮う啷嵿ぇ啷嵿さ啶� (arth膩na- rth膩vubhau buddh惫腻) 惭补苍耻蝉尘峁泃颈 8.24 good and evil; 啶曕�嵿し啷囙い啷嵿ぐ啶苦ぃ啶距ぎ啶班�嵿ぅ啶� (办峁�e迟谤颈峁嚹乵补谤迟丑补岣�) 9.52; 啶�啶距さ啶距え啶班�嵿ぅ 啶夃う啶�啶距え啷� 啶膏ぐ啷嵿さ啶む�� 啶膏ぞ啶傕お啷嵿げ啷佮い啷嬥う啶曕�� (y膩惫腻nartha udap膩ne sarvata岣� s膩峁僷lutodake) Bhagavadg墨t膩 (Bombay) 2.46; also 啶掂�嵿く啶班�嵿ぅ, 啶ㄠた啶班ぐ啷嵿ぅ啶� (vyartha, nirarthaka) q. v. (b) Use, want, need, concern, with instr.; 啶曕�嬥そ啶班�嵿ぅ啶� 啶�啷佮い啷嵿ぐ啷囙�� 啶溹ぞ啶む�囙�� (ko'rtha岣� putre峁嘺 j膩tena) 笔补帽肠补迟补苍迟谤补 (Bombay) 1 what is the use of a son being born; 啶曕ざ啷嵿�� 啶む�囙え啶距ぐ啷嵿ぅ啶� (ka艣ca ten膩rtha岣�) 顿补艣补办耻尘腻谤补肠补谤颈迟补 59; 啶曕�嬥そ啶班�嵿ぅ啶膏�嵿い啶苦ぐ啶多�嵿�氞ぞ啶� 啶椸�佮ぃ啷堗�� (ko'rthastira艣c膩峁� gu峁嘺i岣�) 笔补帽肠补迟补苍迟谤补 (Bombay) 2.33 what do brutes care for merits; 叠丑补谤迟峁沨补谤颈 2.48; 啶�啷嬥�椸�嵿く啷囙え啶距ぐ啷嵿ぅ啶� 啶曕じ啷嵿く 啶� 啶膏�嵿く啶距�溹�嵿��- 啶ㄠ�囙�� (yogyen膩rtha岣� kasya na sy膩jja- nena) 艢.18.66; 啶ㄠ�堗�� 啶むじ啷嵿く 啶曕�冟い啷囙え啶距ぐ啷嵿ぅ啷� 啶ㄠぞ啶曕�冟い啷囙え啷囙�� 啶曕ざ啷嵿�氞�� (naiva tasya k峁泃en膩rtho n膩k峁泃eneha ka艣cana) Bhagavadg墨t膩 (Bombay) 3.18; 啶�啶︵�� 啶�啷嵿ぐ啶距ぃ啷堗ぐ啶苦す啶距ぐ啷嵿ぅ啷� 啶掂�� 啶ㄠた啶掂ぐ啷嵿い啶о�嵿さ啶�啷� (yadi pr膩峁嘺irih膩rtho vo nivartadhvam) 搁腻尘. 啶曕�� 啶ㄠ�� 啶�啷� 啶溹��啶掂た啶む�囙え啶距ぐ啷嵿ぅ啶� (ko nu me j墨viten膩rtha岣�) Nala.12. 65.

9) Asking, begging; request, suit, petition.

1) Action, plaint (in law); 啶呧ぐ啷嵿ぅ 啶掂た啶班ぞ啶椸ぞ啶� 啶�啶多�嵿く啶ㄠ�嵿い啶� (artha vir膩g膩岣� pa艣yanti) 搁腻尘.2.1. 58; 啶呧じ啶距�曕�嵿し啶苦�曕�囙し啷� 啶む�嵿さ啶班�嵿ぅ啷囙し啷� (as膩k峁�ike峁�u tvarthe峁�u) 惭补苍耻蝉尘峁泃颈 8.19.

11) The actual state, fact of the matter; as in 啶�啶ムぞ啶班�嵿ぅ, 啶呧ぐ啷嵿ぅ啶む��, 掳啶むい啷嵿さ啶掂た啶︵��, 啶�啶︵ぐ啷嵿ぅ啷囙�� 啶掂た啶ㄠぞ啶�啷佮し啷嵿�� 啶�啷佮�傕じ 啶嗋い啷嵿ぎ啶掂た啶�啶班�嵿く啶�啶� (yath膩rtha, arthata岣�, 掳tatvavid, yadarthena vin膩mu峁�ya pu峁僺a 膩tmaviparyaya岣�) Bh膩gavata 3.7.1.

12) Manner, kind, sort.

13) Prevention, warding off; 啶�啶多�曕ぞ啶班�嵿ぅ啷� 啶о�傕ぎ啶� (ma艣ak膩rtho dh奴ma岣�); prohibition, abolition (this meaning may also be derived from 1 above).

14) Price (perhaps an incorrect form for argha).

15) Fruit, result (phalam). 啶むじ啷嵿く 啶ㄠぞ啶ㄠ�佮き啶掂�囙う啶班�嵿ぅ啶� 啶�啶膏�嵿く 啶灌�囙い啷嬥�� 啶� 啶班�嬥お啶苦い啶� (tasya n膩nubhavedartha峁� yasya heto岣� sa ropita岣�) 搁腻尘.6.128.7; Mah膩bh膩rata (Bombay) 12.175.5.

16) Name of a son of 啶оぐ啷嵿ぎ (dharma).

17) The second place from the 啶侧�椸�嵿え (lagna) (in astr.).

18) Name of Vi峁ａ箛u.

19) The category called 啶呧お啷傕ぐ啷嵿さ (补辫奴谤惫补) (in 辫奴谤惫补尘墨尘腻峁僺腻); 啶呧ぐ啷嵿ぅ 啶囙い啶� 啶呧お啷傕ぐ啷嵿さ啶� 啶�啷嵿ぐ啷傕ぎ啶� (artha iti 补辫奴谤惫补峁� br奴ma岣�) | 艢B. on MS.7.1.2.

2) Force (of a statement or an expression); 啶呧ぐ啷嵿ぅ啶距�氞�嵿�� 啶膏ぞ啶�啶班�嵿ぅ啷嵿く啶距�氞�嵿�� 啶曕�嵿ぐ啶�啷� 啶掂た啶о��啶�啶む�� (arth膩cca s膩marthy膩cca kramo vidh墨yate) | 艢B. on MS.5.1.2. [啶呧ぐ啷嵿ぅ啶距い啷� (补谤迟丑腻迟) = by implication].

21) The need, purpose, sense; 啶掂�嵿く啶掂ぇ啶距え啶距う啶班�嵿ぅ啷� 啶�啶侧��啶�啶距え啷� (vyavadh膩n膩dartho bal墨y膩n) | 艢B. on MS.6.4.23.

22) Capacity, power; 啶呧ぐ啷嵿ぅ啶距う啷嵿さ啶� 啶曕げ啷嵿お啶ㄠ�堗�曕う啷囙ざ啶む�嵿さ啶距い啷� (arth膩d惫腻 kalpanaikade艣at惫腻t) | 惭补苍耻蝉尘峁泃颈 1.4.3 (where 艢abara paraphrases 补谤迟丑腻迟 by 蝉腻尘补谤迟丑测腻迟 and states the rule: 膩khy膩t膩苍腻尘补rtha峁� bru惫补迟腻峁� 艣akti岣� sahak膩ri峁嚹� |), cf. 啶呧ぐ啷嵿ぅ啷嬥そ啶�啶苦ぇ啷囙く啶班�堗さ啶膏�嵿い啷佮お啷嵿ぐ啶�啷嬥�溹え啶ㄠた啶掂�冟い啷嵿い啶苦し啷� 啷� 啶�啷嬥�曕�嵿し啶曕ぞ啶班ぃ啶�啷嬥ざ啷嵿�� (artho'bhidheyaraivastuprayojananiv峁泃ti峁�u | 尘辞办峁�ak膩ra峁嘺yo艣ca)...... Nm.

Derivable forms: 补谤迟丑补岣� (啶呧ぐ啷嵿ぅ啶�).

--- OR ---

膧谤迟丑补 (啶嗋ぐ啷嵿ぅ).鈥�a. (-谤迟丑墨 f.) [啶呧ぐ啷嵿ぅ啶距う啶距�椸い啶� 啶呧ぃ啷� (arth膩d膩gata岣� a峁�)]

1) Relating to a thing or object.

2) Relating to, dependent on, sense (opp. 艣腻产诲补); 啶嗋ぐ啷嵿ぅ啷� 啶夃お啶�啶� (膩谤迟丑墨 upam膩) &c.

3) Material, significant.

: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionary

Artha (啶呧ぐ啷嵿ぅ).鈥�nt. (as in Rig Veda generally; in later Sanskrit only m.), aim, goal, etc.: idam eva c膩rtha峁� (acc.) 厂补诲诲丑补谤尘补辫耻峁囜笉补谤墨办补 97.5 (verse); param膩rtham etat (acc.) 8,10 (verses); yad artha峁� samud膩gato tad artham abhisa峁儾�丑腻惫补yit惫腻 惭补丑腻惫补蝉迟耻 i.4.12, formula re- peated i.34.1 etc.; in these two occurrences all mss. yad, tad. (As one of the four 辫谤补迟颈蝉补峁僾颈诲, see this.)

: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Artha (啶呧ぐ啷嵿ぅ).鈥攎fn.

(-谤迟丑补岣�-谤迟丑腻-谤迟丑补峁�) 1. Rich. 2. Learned. m.

(-谤迟丑补岣�) 1. Wealth, property, substance. 2. Meaning, signification. 3. Thing. 4. fruit, consequence. 5. Prohibition. 6. A material substance or object of sense. 7. Cause, origin. 8. Request, asking, begging. 9. Kind, sort, manner. 10. Well, well being. 11. (In law) A suit, an action. E. 峁� to go, and than Unadi aff.

: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Benfey Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Artha (啶呧ぐ啷嵿ぅ).鈥攊. e. 峁� + tha, m. 1. Desire; vi惫腻ha-, a marriage suit. 2. Aim; siddha-, one who has obtained his aim, Chr. 62, 60. 3. Advantage, [叠丑补谤迟峁沨补谤颈, (ed. Bohlen.)] 2, 40. 4. Business, [惭腻苍补惫补诲丑补谤尘补艣腻蝉迟谤补] 2, 67. 5. Wealth, [笔补帽肠补迟补苍迟谤补] i. [distich] 197; worldly prosperity, [惭腻苍补惫补诲丑补谤尘补艣腻蝉迟谤补] 12, 38 (one of the three aims of men; the two others are 办腻尘补, pleasure, and dharma, virtue); money, [顿补艣补办耻尘腻谤补肠补谤颈迟补] in Chr. 180, 19. 6. Cause, [惭腻苍补惫补诲丑补谤尘补艣腻蝉迟谤补] 2, 213. 7. Thing, [惭腻苍补惫补诲丑补谤尘补艣腻蝉迟谤补] 8, 170. 8. Meaning, [惭腻苍补惫补诲丑补谤尘补艣腻蝉迟谤补] 3, 186; true sense, [惭腻苍补惫补诲丑补谤尘补艣腻蝉迟谤补] 1, 3; thought, word, C膩k. [distich] 164. 9. In law: A suit, an action. 10. The acc. artham is used as an adverb, but almost always at the end of a compound word, implying, 鈥榝or,鈥� 鈥榦n account of,鈥� e. g. 测补箩帽补-蝉颈诲诲丑颈补谤迟丑补尘, For the performance of sacrifices, [惭腻苍补惫补诲丑补谤尘补艣腻蝉迟谤补] 1, 23. The dat. arth腻测补, and loc. arthe, may be also used at the end of a compound word, or may govern the genitive. Abl. 补谤迟丑腻迟, 鈥榯o wit,鈥� 鈥榥amely,鈥� Sch. [艢膩kuntala, (ed. B枚htlingk.)] [distich] 41.

: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Cappeller Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Artha (啶呧ぐ啷嵿ぅ).鈥擺neuter] [masculine] aim, purpose, meaning, sense, object, profit, advantage of ([instrumental]), wealth, property, money, thing, matter, business, cause, suit, action; [often] 鈥斅� adj. having a thing for object, for the sake of, on account of, for; [accusative], [instrumental], [dative] & [locative] the same [adverb]

--- OR ---

膧谤迟丑补 (啶嗋ぐ啷嵿ぅ).鈥擺feminine] 墨 based upon advantage; relating to things (not words).

: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary

1) Artha (啶呧ぐ啷嵿ぅ):鈥�mn. ([in, [峁歡-veda i-ix] only n. ; in [峁歡-veda x] six times n. and thrice m.; in later Sansk峁泃 only m.]) aim, purpose (very often artham, arthena, arth腻测补, and arthe ifc. or with [genitive case] 鈥榝or the sake of, on account of, in behalf of, for鈥�)

2) cause, motive, reason, [Manu-sm峁泃i ii, 213, etc.]

3) advantage, use, utility (generally named with 办腻尘补 and dharma See tri-varga; used in wishing well to another [dative case] or [genitive case] [P膩峁噄ni 2-3, 73])

4) thing, object (said of the membrum virile, [艢atapatha-br膩hma峁嘺 xiv])

5) object of the senses, [Var膩ha-mihira鈥檚 B峁沨at-sa峁僪it膩]

6) (hence) the number 鈥榝ive鈥�, [S奴ryasiddh膩nta]

7) substance, wealth, property, opulence, money

8) (hence in [astronomy]) Name of the second mansion, the mansion of wealth (cf, dhana), [Var膩ha-mihira鈥檚 B峁沨at-sa峁僪it膩]

9) personified as the son of Dharma and Buddhi, [Bh膩gavata-pur膩峁嘺]

10) affair, concern (Ved. often [accusative] artham with 鈭�i, or gam, to go to one鈥檚 business, take up one鈥檚 work, [峁歡-veda] etc.)

11) (in law) lawsuit, action

12) having to do with ([instrumental case]), wanting, needing anything ([instrumental case]), Sbr, etc.

13) sense, meaning, notion (cf. artha-艣补产诲补u and 补谤迟丑腻迟 sub voce below and vedatatt惫腻rtha-vid)

14) manner, kind, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasi峁僪a, hal膩yudha, hemacandra, etc.], prohibition, prevention, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasi峁僪a, hal膩yudha, hemacandra, etc.]

15) price (for argha q.v.), [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasi峁僪a, hal膩yudha, hemacandra, etc.]

16) 膧谤迟丑补 (啶嗋ぐ啷嵿ぅ):鈥攎f(墨)n. ([from] artha), relating to a thing or object

17) material, significant (opposed to 艣腻产诲补 q.v.), [S膩hitya-darpa峁嘺]

18) resulting from or based on the possession of a thing, [Pata帽jali]

: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Yates Sanskrit-English Dictionary

1) Artha (啶呧ぐ啷嵿ぅ):鈥�(峁卆 ka ta) arthayate 10. d. To ask, to beg, to supplicate.

2) (迟丑补岣�) 1. m. Wealth; meaning; thing; cause; law suit.

: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary (S)

Artha (啶呧ぐ啷嵿ぅ) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit words: 础峁�峁�丑补, 础峁�峁�丑腻, Attha.

[Sanskrit to German]

context information

Sanskrit, also spelled 啶膏�傕じ啷嵿�曕�冟い啶�啷� (蝉补峁僺办峁泃补尘), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.

Hindi dictionary

: DDSA: A practical Hindi-English dictionary

Artha (啶呧ぐ啷嵿ぅ) [Also spelled arth]:鈥�(nm) meaning; import, sense; wealth, money; (ind) for, for the sake of; ~[办补谤补/办补谤墨] profitable; ~[gata] semantic, pertaining to meaning; economic; ~[garbhita] significant, pregnant with meaning; -[gaurava] profoundity of meaning; -[肠肠丑补惫颈/词肠肠丑腻测腻] nuance; ~[ta]: actually; from the point of view of meaning; -[辫颈艣腻肠补] a money-grabber; -[prabandha] financial arrangement/management; ~[惫补迟腻] significance; -[蝉补峁僢补峁僤丑墨] economic; ~[siddhi] fulfilment of a purpose.

context information

...

Kannada-English dictionary

: Alar: Kannada-English corpus

Artha (嗖呧舶喑嵿播):鈥�

1) [noun] that which is meant; significance; import; meaning.

2) [noun] that to which an action or feeling is directed; an aim, end, ultimate purpose; an object.

3) [noun] some inner drive, impulse, intention, etc. that causes a person to do something or act in a certain way.

4) [noun] wealth; riches; property; money.

5) [noun] a thing demanded; a demand.

6) [noun] the mode in which anything is done or happens; manner.

7) [noun] employment in or application to a purpose; use.

8) [noun] that which is adduced to support or justify or serves as a ground or motive for an act, opinion etc.

9) [noun] anything presented to the senses or the mind, esp. anything visible or tangible; an object.

10) [noun] physical or mental effort exerted to do or make something; purposeful activity; labour; toil.

11) [noun] the shape, outline or configuration of anything; structure as apart from colour, material, etc.

12) [noun] 'aid; encouragement: comfort.'13) [noun] a result, effect or consequence.

14) [noun] the economic or the 'useful' good regarded as a value in life.

context information

Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.

Nepali dictionary

: unoes: Nepali-English Dictionary

Artha (啶呧ぐ啷嵿ぅ):鈥攏. 1. Econ. wealth; assets; finance; economy; 2. Gram. meaning; sense; 3. object; purpose; end and aim; wish; desire;

context information

Nepali is the primary language of the Nepalese people counting almost 20 million native speakers. The country of Nepal is situated in the Himalaya mountain range to the north of India.

See also (Relevant definitions)

Starts with (+21): Artha pala teega, Arthabhramsha, Arthacitta, Arthadarpana, Arthadarshin, Arthadayada, Arthadyotanika, Arthagrahaka, Arthagrahin, Arthaharaka, Arthaharika, Arthaikya, Arthakamya, Arthakaraka, Arthakaranat, Arthakarin, Arthakartri, Arthakatha, Arthakaumudi, Arthakrit.

Full-text (+1352): Siddhartha, Purushartha, Arthashastra, Arthapatti, Padartha, Kritartha, Paramartha, Arthavada, Anartha, Svartha, Shabdartha, Ayathartha, Atyartha, Caritartha, Yathartha, Anvartha, Bhavartha, Vyartha, Karyartha, Indriyartha.

Relevant text

Search found 290 books and stories containing Artha, 膧谤迟丑补; (plurals include: Arthas, 膧谤迟丑补s). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:

Sahitya-kaumudi by Baladeva Vidyabhushana (by Gaurapada D膩sa)

Text 10.240 < [Chapter 10 - Ornaments of Meaning]

Text 2.3 < [Chapter 2 - The Natures of Words (艣补产诲补)]

Text 11.29 < [Chapter 11 - Additional Ornaments]

+ 97 more chapters / show preview

Devala-smriti (critical study) (by Mukund Lalji Wadekar)

2. The twofold Purushartha < [Chapter 10 - Philosophical aspect of the Devalasmriti]

References to section [A] < [Chapter 10 - Philosophical aspect of the Devalasmriti]

3.5. Antaralas explicitly mentioned < [Chapter 9 - The distinctive features of the Devalasmriti]

+ 12 more chapters / show preview

Tattvabindu of Vachaspati Mishra (study) (by Kishor Deka)

Part 2 - Acceptance of the Abhihit膩nvaya-惫腻da < [Chapter 6 - Abhihit膩nvaya-惫腻da of the Bh膩峁�峁璦 M墨m膩峁僺akas]

Part 1 - The concept of Anvit膩bhidh膩na-惫腻da < [Chapter 5 - Refutation of Pr膩bh膩kara鈥檚 theory of Anvit膩bhidh膩na]

Part 3 - Refutation of the Anvit膩bhidh膩na-惫腻da < [Chapter 5 - Refutation of Pr膩bh膩kara鈥檚 theory of Anvit膩bhidh膩na]

+ 5 more chapters / show preview

Garga Samhita (English) (by Danavir Goswami)

Verse 1.11.6 < [Chapter 11 - Description of 艢r墨 K峁涐梗峁嘺candra鈥檚 Birth]

Verse 1.4.31 < [Chapter 4 - Description of Questions About the Lord鈥檚 Appearance]

Verse 2.22.11 < [Chapter 22 - The R膩sa-dance Pastime]

+ 54 more chapters / show preview

A History of Indian Philosophy Volume 3 (by Surendranath Dasgupta)

Part 7 - Ve峁卥a峁璦n膩tha鈥檚 treatment of pram膩峁嘺 < [Chapter XX - Philosophy of the R膩m膩nuja School of Thought]

Part 3 - 膧岣槐鼓錼s and 艢r墨-vai峁ａ箛avas on certain points of controversy in religious dogmas < [Chapter XVII - The 膧岣槐鼓錼s]

Part 12 - Epistemology of the R膩m膩nuja School according to Meghan膩d膩ri and others < [Chapter XX - Philosophy of the R膩m膩nuja School of Thought]

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Puranic encyclopaedia (by Vettam Mani)

Story of Pa帽cabh奴ta

Story of Apar膩vidy膩

Story of Pur奴ravas

+ 7 more chapters / show preview

 

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