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yoga 腻诲测补-迟峁泃墨测腻产丑测腻尘 antyayo 谤别峁嘺 tulyayo岣� |
峁�膩d颈岣� 艣a-sau^[1] 惫峁泃迟颈-dairghya峁� gumpha uddhata ojasi ||8.75||

测辞驳补岣�鈥攖he combination; 腻诲测补-迟峁泃墨测腻产丑测腻尘鈥攚ith the first and the third; 补苍迟测补测辞岣�鈥攐f the last two (the second and the fourth); 谤别峁嘺鈥攚ith the letter r; tulyayo岣�鈥攐f two that are similar; 峁璦-腻诲颈岣�鈥攖he group that begins with the letter 峁�; 艣a-sau鈥攖he letters 艣 and s (see the Commentary); 惫峁泃迟颈鈥攐f a compound; dairghyam鈥攍别苍驳迟丑苍别蝉蝉; 驳耻尘辫丑补岣�鈥攖he putting together (the 谤补肠补苍腻); 耻诲诲丑补迟补岣�鈥攊s haughty; ojasi鈥攊苍 ojas (vigor).

The construction of ojas is as follows: The first phoneme combined with the second, the third phoneme combined with the fourth, any combination of a consonant with the letter r, a combination of two similar consonants, the phonemes of the 峁璦 group, as well as 艣, 峁�, long compounds, and formidable phonetic combinations.

varga-prathama-t峁泃墨y膩bhy膩m antyayos tad-诲惫颈迟墨测补-caturthayo岣� krame峁嘺 测辞驳补岣�. yath膩, 鈥湴觳拱彀斐蟛贯弓墨 补肠肠丑腻 utth膩na峁� kakup-pha峁嘺峁� rug-驳丑腻蝉补岣� ujjhita岣� tad-dhavi岣� ab-产丑腻谤补岣�.鈥� rephe峁嘺 测辞驳补岣�. sa c膩dha upary ubhayatra v膩 yasya kasy膩pi. yath膩, 鈥渧akra岣� arka岣� durgraha岣�.鈥� tulyayor yogas tena tasyaiva. yath膩, 鈥湵鼓灏�-办腻谤测补岣�, sac-cit, 蝉补峁単丑补峁�峁�补岣�, matta岣モ�� ity 膩di. 峁�膩dir ga峁嘺峁� 峁璦-峁環a-岣峚-岣峢a-r奴pa岣� 艣a-sau ceti var峁嚹佱弗 诲墨谤驳丑补-sam膩so vika峁璦-sa峁単ha峁璦n膩^[2] caujasi.

Examples of the first phoneme combined with the second and of the third phoneme combined with the fourth are: 办补办办丑补峁��� (the name of a particular female monkey) (kkh), 补肠肠丑腻 (towards) (cch), 耻迟迟丑腻苍补尘 (raise) (tth), 办补办耻辫-辫丑补峁嘺尘 (the serpent鈥檚 hood in the sky) (pph), rug-驳丑腻蝉补 (laughing with pleasure) (ggh), ujjhita (abandoned) (jjh), tad-dhavi (the oblation of that) (ddh), and ab-产丑腻谤补 (the weight of water) (bbh).

There is a combination with the letter r. This means there is a combination of any consonant whether after r, before r, or both before and after r. For example: vakra (crooked) (kr), arka (sun) (rk), and durgraha (obstinacy) (rgr).

There is a combination of one consonant with itself. For example: 惫腻办-办腻谤测补 (the effect of speech), sac-cit (existing consciousness), 蝉补峁単丑补峁�峁�补 (clash), matta (mad; intoxicated), and so on.

The group in which the first is 峁� (峁�膩d颈岣� = 迟腻诲颈岣� 驳补峁嘺岣�) is the form of 峁�, 峁環, 岣�, and 岣峢.

There is also 艣, and 峁�. This completes the list of phonemes. There is a long compound, and the phonetic construction is formidable (haughty, intense, harsh).

Commentary:

A long compound is expressive of ojas by reverse logic, since uncompounded words are easy to understand and thus evoke sweetness. A long compound adds force like a military march adds momentum. Still, the poetical rhetoricians鈥� addition of the style of compounding to the construction of the 驳耻峁嘺蝉 was completely arbitrary. 膧苍补苍诲补惫补谤诲丑补苍补 said that long compounds also suitably occur in 艣峁涐箙驳腻谤补-谤补蝉补, and single words are also appropriate in raudra-rasa and so on.^[3] Govinda 峁琱补办办耻谤补 says that, in a play, long compounds are not used, even in raudra-rasa, because the usage of single words produces smoothness (an ease of understanding).^[4]

Barring typographical mistakes in the text, Baladeva Vidy膩bh奴峁�a峁嘺 says the letter s is suggestive of ojas. However, in the corresponding texts in 碍腻惫测补-辫谤补办腻艣补, 厂腻丑颈迟测补-诲补谤辫补峁嘺, and 础濒补峁卥腻谤补-办补耻蝉迟耻产丑补, the letter 峁� is seen instead. The letter s is considered a soft phoneme. Baladeva Vidy膩bh奴峁�a峁嘺 gave it prominence in his example of 尘腻诲丑耻谤测补-驳耻峁嘺 (8.22). The adjustment was made in the above translation.

The hard phonemes are: kkh, ggh, cch, jjh, 峁�峁環, 岣嶀笉h, tth, ddh, pph, bbh, kk, gg, 峁呩箙, cc, jj, 帽帽, 峁�峁�, 岣嶀笉, 峁囜箛, 峁�, 峁環, 岣�, 岣峢, 峁囜弓, 峁囜弓h, 峁囜笉, 峁囜笉h, tt, dd, nn, pp, bb, 艣, 峁�, k峁�, 艣艣, 峁ａ梗, ss, any conjunct where a consonant is conjoined with r whether before or after, and so on. 笔补峁囜笉颈迟补-谤腻箩补 闯补驳补苍苍腻迟丑补 say the profuse usage of the visarga (岣�) is part of the construction of ojas.^[5]

In the elaboration, the compound sac-cid (real consciousness) is one of many examples of a typical phonetic combination of ojas, because the hard phoneme cc was created as a result of the phonetic combination of sat and cid.

Footnotes and references:

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[1]:

艣补-峁�a耻 (碍腻惫测补-辫谤补办腻艣补 8.75): This reading is used in the translation.

[2]:

蝉补峁単丑补峁�峁�补n膩 (碍腻惫测补-尘腻濒腻 edition).

[3]:

尘腻诲丑耻谤测补-pras膩dau rasa-bh膩vatad-腻产丑腻蝉补-vi峁�ay膩v eveti 惫颈峁�a测补-niyamo vyavasthita岣�, sa峁単ha峁璦n膩y膩s tu sa vigha峁璦te. tath膩 hi 艣峁涐箙g膩re鈥檖i 诲墨谤驳丑补-sam膩s膩 d峁浥泍ate raudr膩di峁�v asam膩s膩 ceti. tatra 艣峁涐箙g膩re 诲墨谤驳丑补-sam膩s膩 yath膩 鈥�尘补苍诲腻谤补-kusuma-re峁噓-pi帽jarit膩lak膩鈥� iti. yath膩 v膩, 鈥渁navarata-nayana-jala-lava-苍颈辫补迟补苍补-辫补谤颈尘耻峁�i迟补-辫补迟谤补-濒别办丑补峁� te, kara-tala-ni峁�a峁囜箛am abale vadanam ida峁� ka峁� na t膩payati鈥� ity-膩dau. tath膩 raudr膩di峁�v apy asam膩s膩 d峁浥泍ate. (顿丑惫补苍测腻濒辞办补 3.6)

[4]:

峁嚹乼ak膩d膩v abhineye tu raudre鈥檖i na 诲墨谤驳丑补-sam膩s膩daya岣�, viccheden膩bhinaya-saukum膩ry膩t (碍腻惫测补-prad墨pa on 碍腻惫测补-辫谤补办腻艣补 verse 351).

[5]:

苍补颈办补峁瓂别苍补 诲惫颈迟墨测补-caturtha-varga-惫补谤峁嘺-峁璦惫补谤驳补-jihv膩m奴l墨yopadhm膩n墨ya-visarga-sak膩rabahulair 惫补谤峁嘺ir gha峁璱to jhay-reph膩nyatara-驳丑补峁璱迟补-蝉补峁儁辞驳补-para-hrasvai艣 ca 苍补颈办补峁瓂别苍补 prayuktair 膩li峁単ito 诲墨谤驳丑补-v峁泃ty-腻迟尘腻 gumpha 辞箩补蝉补岣� (搁补蝉补-驳补峁単腻诲丑补谤补, KM pp. 64-65). The jhay 辫谤补迟测腻丑腻谤补 is any mute consonant. 闯补驳补苍苍腻迟丑补 illustrates the profuse usage of visarga and of its optional replacements: visarga-pr膩curya峁� yath膩, 鈥渟膩nur膩g膩s s膩nukamp膩艣 catur膩艣 艣墨濒补-艣墨tala岣�, haranti 丑峁沝补测补峁� hanta k膩nt膩y膩s sv膩nta-v峁泃taya岣�.鈥� atra 艣补-办腻谤补-dvaya-sa峁儁og膩nta峁� p奴rv膩rdha峁� m膩dhury膩nanu驳耻峁嘺m (搁补蝉补-驳补峁単腻诲丑补谤补, KM p. 70).