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Alternative spellings of this word include Sanskar.

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In Hinduism

Ayurveda (science of life)

Rasashastra (Alchemy and Herbo-Mineral preparations)

: Google Books: Modern World System and Indian Proto-industrialization

In 谤补蝉腻惫颈诲测腻, mercury had to undergo eighteen 蝉补峁僺办腻谤补蝉 (treatments) to display its supreme powers of transmuting base metals into gold or silver and of transforming the perishable body into an imperishable state. These 蝉补峁僺办腻谤补蝉 are primarily chemicals involving wide range of minerals, plants, animal proucts and several others. the 谤补蝉腻惫腻诲颈苍蝉 had firm belief in the acquiring of mercury of all the transmutation potencies after undergoing through seventeenth sequential 蝉补峁僺办腻谤补蝉. At this stage, it should be tested on a base metal, and if the later turns into gold, it should be used for the 18^th process, i.e. sevana, leading to its assimilation into and revitalization of the body.

The eighteen 蝉补峁僺办腻谤补蝉 are specified in Rasay腻na texts in following terms:

1. Svedana 鈥� Steaming or heating using water bath,
2. 惭腻谤诲补苍补 鈥� Grinding,
3. 惭奴谤肠丑补苍补 鈥� Swooning or making mercury lose its form,
4. 鲍迟迟丑腻辫补苍补 鈥� Revival of form,
5. 笔腻迟补苍补 鈥� Sublimation or distilation,
6. Rodhana 鈥� Potentiation,
7. Niyamana 鈥� Restraining,
8. 厂补苍诲墨辫补苍补 鈥� Stimulating or kindling,
9. 骋补驳补苍补产丑补办峁２贯箛a or 骋补驳补苍补驳谤腻蝉补鈥� Consumption of 鈥渆ssence鈥� of mica,
10. 颁补谤补峁嘺 鈥� Amalgamation,
11. Garbhadruti 鈥� Liquefaction 鈥� internal,
12. 叠腻丑测补诲谤耻迟颈 鈥� Liquefaction 鈥� external,
13. 闯补谤补峁嚹� 鈥� Calcination,
14. 搁腻帽箩补峁嘺 鈥� Dyeing,
15. 厂腻谤补峁嘺 鈥� Blending or preparation for transformation,
16. 厂补苍办腻谤尘补峁嘺 鈥� Acquiring power of transformation or penetration,
17. Vedhana - Transmutation,
18. Sevana 鈥� Becoming fit for internal use.

: Indian National Science Academy: Annual Report 2015-16 (rasashastra)

厂补峁僺办腻谤补 (啶膏�傕じ啷嵿�曕ぞ啶�) refers to nineteen steps for tempering of mercury, as introduced in the 膧yurvedaprak腻艣a: an exclusive text on Rasa艣腻stra the pharmaceutical wing of Ayurveda that concentrates on preparation of herbo-mineral medicaments, written in 17th Century AD by M腻dhava Up腻dhyaya.鈥擣or tempering of mercury, nineteen 蝉补峁僺办腻谤补蝉 have been told and a 蝉补峁僺办腻谤补 called anuv腻sana-蝉补峁僺办腻谤补 is the original contribution of this text.

Unclassified Ayurveda definitions

Source: Wisdom Library: 膧yurveda and botany

厂补峁僺办腻谤补 (啶膏�傕じ啷嵿�曕ぞ啶�, 鈥減rocessing鈥�).鈥擮ne of the ten Par腻di驳耻峁嘺, or, 鈥�10 pharmaceutical properties鈥�.鈥擨t is a Sanskrit technical term from 膧yurveda (Indian medicine) and used in literature such the 颁补谤补办补-蝉补峁僪颈迟腻 and the 厂耻艣谤耻迟补-蝉补峁僪颈迟腻. According to Caraka, these ten properties (驳耻峁嘺) are the means to success in therapeutic treatment. 厂补峁僺办腻谤补 refers to processing one quality into another (e.g. grapes into wine).

: Pitta Ayurveda: Samanya Guna

Sanskara-samanya-guna means to make things good or better. In India, the sanskar plays important part in the conduct of families. The attributes of sanskar guna can make a person worth living and respectable.

: gurumukhi.ru: Ayurveda glossary of terms

1) 厂补峁僺办腻谤补 (啶膏�傕じ啷嵿�曕ぞ啶�):鈥擨t is the pharmaceutical process by which impurities, toxicities are removed

2) Transformation or processing or value additon, one of the 10 paradi guna.

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膧yurveda (啶嗋く啷佮ぐ啷嵿さ啷囙う, ayurveda) is a branch of Indian science dealing with medicine, herbalism, taxology, anatomy, surgery, alchemy and related topics. Traditional practice of 膧yurveda in ancient India dates back to at least the first millenium BC. Literature is commonly written in Sanskrit using various poetic metres.

Dharmashastra (religious law)

: Shodhganga: Facts of society in the Manusamhita

厂补峁僺办腻谤补 (啶膏�傕じ啷嵿�曕ぞ啶�):鈥擜ccording to the 惭补苍耻蝉补峁僪颈迟腻, 厂补峁僺办腻谤补s are auspicious Vedic rites. These sanctify and purify the body of a twice born not only both in th is life and the life after death. These are called as Vedic rites because are perfor med by uttering Vedic mantras. And hence it is said that the root o f these rituals are underline in the Vedas.

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Dharmashastra (啶оぐ啷嵿ぎ啶多ぞ啶膏�嵿い啷嵿��, dharma艣腻stra) contains the instructions (shastra) regarding religious conduct of livelihood (dharma), ceremonies, jurisprudence (study of law) and more. It is categorized as smriti, an important and authoritative selection of books dealing with the Hindu lifestyle.

Vaishnavism (Vaishava dharma)

: ISKCON Press: Glossary

厂补峁僺办腻谤补 (啶膏�傕じ啷嵿�曕ぞ啶�).鈥擮ne of the Vedic reformatory rituals performed one by one from the time of conception until death for purifying a human being.

: Pure Bhakti: Bhagavad-gita (4th edition)

厂补峁僺办腻谤补 (啶膏�傕じ啷嵿�曕ぞ啶�) refers to 鈥�(1) Sacred, or sanctifying, ceremony (2) Reformation or training of the mind (3) Impression on the mind of any previous purificatory act in this or in prior births鈥�. (cf. Glossary page from 艢谤墨尘补诲-叠丑补驳补惫补诲-骋墨迟腻).

: Pure Bhakti: Brhad Bhagavatamrtam

厂补峁僺办腻谤补 (啶膏�傕じ啷嵿�曕ぞ啶�) refers to:鈥擜 sacred purificatory ceremony; reformation or training of the mind; impression on the mind of any experience or acts done in a former state of existence. (cf. Glossary page from 艢r墨 B峁沨ad-bh腻gavat腻尘峁泃补).

: Pure Bhakti: Brahma-samhita

厂补峁僺办腻谤补 (啶膏�傕じ啷嵿�曕ぞ啶�) refers to鈥擨mpressions; reformatory process.

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Vaishnava (啶掂�堗し啷嵿ぃ啶�, vai峁ａ箛ava) or vaishnavism (vai峁ａ箛avism) represents a tradition of Hinduism worshipping Vishnu as the supreme Lord. Similar to the Shaktism and Shaivism traditions, Vaishnavism also developed as an individual movement, famous for its exposition of the dashavatara (鈥榯en avatars of Vishnu鈥�).

Purana and Itihasa (epic history)

: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: The Purana Index

厂补峁僺办腻谤补 (啶膏�傕じ啷嵿�曕ぞ啶�).鈥擯urificatory rites for house-holders; these do not help without the eight 腻tma驳耻峁嘺s (s.v. Kriy腻 yoga).^*

• * Matsya-pur腻峁嘺 52. 17, 30.

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The Purana (啶�啷佮ぐ啶距��, pur腻峁嘺s) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India鈥檚 vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.

Shaktism (Shakta philosophy)

: JSTOR: T腻ntric D墨k峁Ｄ� by Surya Kanta

厂补峁僺办腻谤补 (啶膏�傕じ啷嵿�曕ぞ啶�) refers to 鈥減urificatory rites of fire鈥� and forms part of preliminary rites before D墨k峁Ｄ�: an important ritual of 艢腻ktism described in the 艢腻rad腻tilaka-tantra, chapters III-V.鈥擳he 蝉补峁僺办腻谤补蝉 are:

1. 骋补谤产丑腻诲丑腻苍补,
2. 笔耻峁僺补惫补苍补,
3. 厂墨尘补苍迟辞苍苍补测补苍补,
4. 闯腻迟补办补谤尘补,
5. 狈腻尘补办补谤补峁嘺,
6. 鲍辫补苍颈峁�k谤补尘补峁嘺,
7. 础苍苍补辫谤腻艣补苍补,
8. Caula,
9. Upanayana,
10. 骋辞诲腻苍补,
11. 痴颈惫腻丑补.

Fire is similarly enkindled and consecrated in other 办耻峁囜笉补蝉 as well. Oblations of sesamum and clarified butter are duly offered. Then begins the proper D墨k峁Ｄ�, which is fourfold.

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Shakta (啶多ぞ啶曕�嵿��, 艣腻kta) or Shaktism (艣腻ktism) represents a tradition of Hinduism where the Goddess (Devi) is revered and worshipped. Shakta literature includes a range of scriptures, including various Agamas and Tantras, although its roots may be traced back to the Vedas.

Vyakarana (Sanskrit grammar)

: Wikisource: A dictionary of Sanskrit grammar

1) 厂补峁僺办腻谤补 (啶膏�傕じ啷嵿�曕ぞ啶�).鈥擯reparation such as (a)that of a word by placing the affix after the base and accomplishing all the necessary changes, or (b) that of a sentence by placing all words connected mutually by syntax and then explaining their formation; these two views are respectively called the 啶�啶︵じ啶傕じ啷嵿�曕ぞ啶班お啶曕�嵿�� (pada蝉补峁僺办腻谤补pak峁�a) and the 啶掂ぞ啶曕�嵿く啶膏�傕じ啷嵿�曕ぞ啶班お啶曕�嵿し (v腻kya蝉补峁僺办腻谤补pak峁�a);

2) 厂补峁僺办腻谤补.鈥擥rammatical formation; cf. 啶膏�嵿さ啶班じ啶傕じ啷嵿�曕ぞ啶班く啷嬥ざ啷嵿�涏え啷嵿う啶膏�� 啶ㄠた啶�啶�啶� 啷� 啶膏�傕じ啷嵿�曕ぞ啶班�� 啶侧�嬥お啶距�椸ぎ啶掂ぐ啷嵿ぃ啶掂た啶曕ぞ啶班お啷嵿ぐ啶曕�冟い啶苦き啶距さ啶侧�曕�嵿し啶｀�� (svara蝉补峁僺办腻谤补yo艣chandasi niyama岣� | sa峁僺k腻ro lop腻gamavar峁嘺vik腻rapra办峁泃ibh腻valak峁２贯箛a岣�) Uvvata on V.Pr. I.1; cf. also 啶むう啷嵿く啶む�嵿�� 啶膏�嵿さ啶班じ啶傕じ啷嵿�曕ぞ啶班�� 啶�啷嵿ぐ啶距う啷囙ざ啶苦�曕�囙�� 啶椸�佮ぃ啷囙�� 啶呧え啷嵿さ啶苦い啷� 啶膏�嵿く啶距い啶距ぎ啷� (tadyatra svara蝉补峁僺办腻谤补u pr腻de艣ikena gu峁噀na anvitau sy腻t腻m) etc. Nir.I.

context information

Vyakarana (啶掂�嵿く啶距�曕ぐ啶�, vy腻kar补峁嘺) refers to Sanskrit grammar and represents one of the six additional sciences (vedanga) to be studied along with the Vedas. Vyakarana concerns itself with the rules of Sanskrit grammar and linguistic analysis in order to establish the correct context of words and sentences.

Arthashastra (politics and welfare)

: Knowledge Traditions & Practices of India: Society State and Polity: A Survey

厂补峁僺办腻谤补 (啶膏�傕じ啷嵿�曕ぞ啶�) refers to a set of 鈥渟ixteen ceremonies鈥� accompanying the individual during the G峁沨astha (householder) stage of the 膧艣rama way of life.

The sixteen 蝉补峁僺办腻谤补蝉 are:

1. garbhadhana, 鈥渃onception鈥�,
2. 辫耻峁僺补惫补苍补, 鈥減rotection of the child in mother鈥檚 womb鈥�,
3. 蝉墨尘补苍迟辞苍苍补测补苍补, 鈥渇ulfilling the pregnant mother鈥檚 wishes鈥�,
4. 箩腻迟补办补谤尘补苍, 鈥渞ituals at childbirth鈥�,
5. 苍腻尘补办补谤补峁嘺, 鈥渘aming the child鈥�,
6. 苍颈峁�k谤补尘补峁嘺, 鈥渢aking the child outdoors鈥�,
7. 补苍苍补辫谤腻艣补苍补, 鈥済iving the child solid food鈥�,
8. 肠奴岣嵞錵补谤补峁嘺, 鈥渟having of the head鈥�,
9. 办补谤峁嘺惫别诲丑补, 鈥渆ar piercing鈥�,
10. 惫颈诲测腻谤补尘产丑补, 鈥渃ommencement of studies鈥�,
11. upanayana, 鈥渋nitiation into adulthood鈥�,
12. 蝉补尘腻惫补谤迟补苍补, 鈥渃ompleting education鈥�,
13. vivaha, 鈥渕arriage鈥�,
14. sarva蝉补峁僺办腻谤补, 鈥減reparing for renunciation鈥�,
15. 蝉补峁僴测腻蝉补, 鈥渞enunciation鈥�,
16. 补苍迟测别峁ａ弓颈, 鈥渓ast rites鈥�.

These 蝉补峁僺办腻谤补 ceremonies are community affairs and at each ceremony, even the funeral ceremony, all relations and friends gather for community eating. It is also the duty of the householder to share his money / wealth with the poor, give offerings to gods and spend a part of what he has earned on building schools and hospitals, for both human beings and animals.

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Arthashastra (啶呧ぐ啷嵿ぅ啶多ぞ啶膏�嵿い啷嵿��, artha艣腻stra) literature concerns itself with the teachings (shastra) of economic prosperity (artha) statecraft, politics and military tactics. The term arthashastra refers to both the name of these scientific teachings, as well as the name of a Sanskrit work included in such literature. This book was written (3rd century BCE) by by Kautilya, who flourished in the 4th century BCE.

Nyaya (school of philosophy)

: Shodhganga: A study of Ny腻ya-vai艣e峁�ika categories

厂补峁僺办腻谤补 (啶膏�傕じ啷嵿�曕ぞ啶�, 鈥渋mpression鈥�) refers to one of the twenty-four 驳耻峁嘺s (qualities) according to all the modern works on Ny腻ya-Vai艣e峁�ika.鈥擯ra艣astap腻da does not define 蝉补峁僺办腻谤补 but discusses its varieties. According to him, 蝉补峁僺办腻谤补 is of three kinds, viz.,

1. vega (velocity),
2. 产丑腻惫补苍腻 (disposition),
3. 蝉迟丑颈迟颈蝉迟丑腻辫补办补 (elasticity).

Vega is created from motion. It abides in 辫峁泃丑颈惫墨 (earth) ap (water), teja (light), 惫腻测耻 (air) and manas (mind). 叠丑腻惫补苍腻 is the quality of 腻迟尘腻 only. It is produced by the vividness of judgements, their repetition or a special effort. It is the cause of recollection. Sthitisth腻paka is found in some things which are tangible. It turns back the substance to its original status. When an arrow is discharged, the bow turns back to its original because of its elasticity. Sthitisth腻paka is eternal when it is in eternal substance and it becomes non-eternal when it is in noneternal substance.

Vi艣van腻tha, Anna峁僢ha峁�峁璦 and Ny腻ya-Vai艣e峁�ika philosophers follow Pra艣astap腻da in describing 蝉补峁僺办腻谤补. Thus, Vi艣van腻tha mentions the varieties of 蝉补峁僺办腻谤补 补蝉:鈥�

1. vega,
2. 蝉迟丑颈迟颈蝉迟丑腻辫补办补,
3. 产丑腻惫补苍腻.

Vi艣van腻tha also says that velocity abides only in limited (尘奴谤迟补) substance. It is caused sometimes by action and sometimes by another vega. Elasticity causes the return of something to its former position. For example the return of the branches etc. of the tree which have been pulled and let go is caused by elasticity. According to some, it abides in earth only, while other say that it abids in all the four substances. Impression remains only in the self. Certitude other than in difference is the cause of disposition. It is also the cause of recollection and recognition.

Anna峁僢ha峁�峁璦 also does not give any definition of 蝉补峁僺办腻谤补 in his Tarkasa峁僩raha, but he defines it in his D墨pik腻. In his view 蝉补峁僺办腻谤补 is that in which the generality of 蝉补峁僺办腻谤补tva abides. It is of three kinds:鈥�

1. vega,
2. 产丑腻惫补苍腻,
3. 蝉迟丑颈迟颈蝉迟丑腻辫补办补t腻.

When an arrow is discharged from the bow, the motion of the arrow is vega. Vega resides in earth, water, fire, air and mind. It is defined as that which contains the generality of vegatva. 叠丑腻惫补苍腻 is produced from cognition and is the cause of recollectin. It exists in 腻迟尘腻 only. Anna峁僢ha峁�峁璦 also says that the adjective 鈥榩roduced by cognition鈥� is given in order to remove the over-pervasion to self, etc. The term 鈥榗ause of recollection鈥� is given to avoid over-pervasion to the destruction of cognition. Sthitisth腻pakat腻 is such quality which turns back an object to its original condition. It resides in earth.

context information

Nyaya (啶ㄠ�嵿く啶距��, nyaya) refers to a school of Hindu philosophy (astika), drawing its subject-matter from the Upanishads. The Nyaya philosophy is known for its theories on logic, methodology and epistemology, however, it is closely related with Vaisheshika in terms of metaphysics.

Shaiva philosophy

: Brill: 艢aivism and the Tantric Traditions (philosophy)

厂补峁僺办腻谤补 (啶膏�傕じ啷嵿�曕ぞ啶�) refers to the 鈥渞esidual trace (left by a previous experience)鈥�.鈥擨n 莫艣varapratyabhij帽腻k腻rik腻 1.5.8鈥�9,33 Utpaladeva comes back to the Sautr腻ntika鈥檚 contention that the external object can and must be inferred, and he endeavours to show that this inference is simply impossible. In fragment no. 4, he first argues that inferential knowledge is conceptual in nature and that the concept in which the inference results arises thanks to the residual trace (蝉补峁僺办腻谤补) left by a previous experience.

[For example]:鈥擶hen we draw from the fact that a distant hill is smoky the conclusion that there must be a fire there, our concept of fire arises thanks to our previous experiences of fire and smoke; fire can be a conceptual object for us only because we have already witnessed fires in the past, and these previous experiences of fire have left in the conscious stream a trace that is reactivated when we form the inferential concept of 鈥渇ire.鈥� It is this residual trace (蝉补峁僺办腻谤补) that guarantees the possibility for the conceptual object to be an object manifest for consciousness, as well as the reliability of concepts as tools in the sphere of human practice, because it enables an object directly perceived in the past but no longer existing to be manifested again.

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Pancaratra (worship of N腻r腻y补峁嘺)

: archive.org: Catalogue of Pancaratra Agama Texts

1) 厂补峁僺办腻谤补 (啶膏�傕じ啷嵿�曕ぞ啶�) refers to the 鈥渟acraments appropriate for initiates鈥�, as discussed in the twenty-ninth chapter of the 狈腻谤补诲墨测补蝉补峁僪颈迟腻: a P腻帽car腻tra document comprising over 3000 verses in 30 chapters presenting in a narrative framework the teachings of N腻rada to Gautama, dealing primarily with modes of worship and festivals.鈥擺Cf. the chapter ni峁�ek腻di艣ma艣腻n腻nta-蝉补峁僺办腻谤补-vidhi].

N腻rada briefly tells when and how various 蝉补峁僺办腻谤补蝉 are to be done:

1. 驳补谤产丑腻诲丑腻苍补,
2. 辫耻峁僺补惫补苍补,
3. 蝉墨尘补苍迟补,
4. 箩腻迟补办补谤尘补苍,
5. 苍腻尘补办补谤尘补苍,
6. 耻辫补苍补颈峁�k谤补尘补峁嘺,
7. 补苍苍补辫谤腻艣补苍补,
8. 肠奴岣嵞錵补谤尘补苍,
9. upanayana,
10. 诲墨办峁Ｄ�,
11. upayamana.

The chapter closes with the general remarks that only 辫腻帽肠补谤腻迟谤补-尘补苍迟谤补蝉鈥攚hich are professed to be Vedic in character, whether traceable to the Vedas or not鈥攁re to be used in the 蝉补峁僺办腻谤补-routines (36b-40).

2) 厂补峁僺办腻谤补 (啶膏�傕じ啷嵿�曕ぞ啶�) refers to the 鈥渞ules for purifying (scented waters)鈥�, as discussed in chapter 24 of the 痴颈峁�v补办蝉别苍补蝉补峁僪颈迟腻: a P腻帽car腻tra text comprising 2800 Sanskrit verses dealing with theological matters, image-worship, iconography (relating to 辫谤补迟颈尘腻-icons) and the construction of temples.鈥擠escription of the chapter [jalagandha-腻di-蝉补峁僺办腻谤补-vidhi]: Vi峁�vaksena undertakes to describe the rites that must be observed to purify (蝉补峁僺办腻谤补) the waters taken from the temple-tank when they are used to bathe or otherwise refresh the Lord. [...] All these activities presumably take place in a 尘补峁囜笉补辫补 near the tank to the accompaniment of mantras. [...]

3) 厂补峁僺办腻谤补 (啶膏�傕じ啷嵿�曕ぞ啶�) refers to 鈥渟acraments鈥� (for the initiated), as discussed in chapter 4 of the Brahmar腻tra section of the 厂补苍补迟办耻尘腻谤补蝉补峁僪颈迟腻: an encyclopedic Sanskrit text written in over 3500 verses dealing with a variety of topics such as yoga, temple-building, consecration ceremonies, initiation and dhanurveda (martial arts).鈥擠escription of the chapter [蝉补尘补测补-补诲丑测腻测补]: [...] In regard to the 蝉补峁僺办腻谤补-sacraments a devout Bh腻gavata will do these in a particular way. Certain details for 驳补谤产丑腻诲丑腻苍补 (38-493), 辫耻峁僺补惫补苍补 (49b-51a), 蝉墨尘补苍迟补 (51b-55), 苍腻尘补 (苍腻尘补办补谤补峁嘺) (58-60a), 补苍苍补辫谤腻艣补苍补 (6菨产-61.), caula (62-66), upanayana (67-77a), 惫颈惫腻丑补 (77b), 尘峁泃补 (78-82) are given.

context information

Pancaratra (啶�啶距�炧�嵿�氞ぐ啶距い啷嵿ぐ, p腻帽car腻tra) represents a tradition of Hinduism where Narayana is revered and worshipped. Closeley related to Vaishnavism, the Pancaratra literature includes various Agamas and tantras incorporating many Vaishnava philosophies.

Shilpashastra (iconography)

: archive.org: Catalogue of Pancaratra Agama Texts (shilpa)

1) 厂补峁僺办腻谤补 (啶膏�傕じ啷嵿�曕ぞ啶�) refers to the 鈥減rocedure for making (an idol of clay)鈥�, as discussed in chapter 5 of the 惭腻谤办补峁囜笉别测补蝉补峁僪颈迟腻: a P腻帽car腻tra text comprising some 2200 Sanskrit verses mainly dealing with temple-building, iconography, 辫奴箩腻 (worship procedures), utsava (festivities) and 辫谤腻测补艣肠颈迟迟补 (expiatory measures).鈥擠escription of chapter [m峁泃-蝉补峁僺办腻谤补-vidhi]: The clay to be used when fashioning an icon out of plaster will vary according to the caste of the person undertaking to sponsor its construction and installation [...]. Where such clay is to be collected, how it is to be mixed with other materials, how cured,鈥攖hese things are to be done only by a qualified 艢ilpin, and these steps constitute the 鈥�蝉补峁僺办腻谤补鈥�-procedure (1-27a). The colors of paints to be used on an idol are also specified (10ff.),

2) 厂补峁僺办腻谤补 (啶膏�傕じ啷嵿�曕ぞ啶�) refers to 鈥減urification鈥� (of the clay used for icons), as discussed in chapter 6 of the 痴颈峁�v补办蝉别苍补蝉补峁僪颈迟腻: a P腻帽car腻tra text comprising 2800 Sanskrit verses dealing with theological matters, image-worship, iconography (relating to 辫谤补迟颈尘腻-icons) and the construction of temples.鈥擠escription of the chapter [m峁泃-蝉补峁僺办腻谤补]: [...] Acceptable clay (尘峁沝) is to be brought from a holy place, dried out for a month until ready, applied to the waiting form鈥攚hich is then wrapped with nine strings and colored (1-10). Five main colors, as well as the intermediate colors resulting from mixing any two or more of these five, are acceptable; these are given names (11-27).

context information

Shilpashastra (啶多た啶侧�嵿お啶多ぞ啶膏�嵿い啷嵿ぐ, 艣ilpa艣腻stra) represents the ancient Indian science (shastra) of creative arts (shilpa) such as sculpture, iconography and painting. Closely related to Vastushastra (architecture), they often share the same literature.

General definition (in Hinduism)

: Oxford Index: Hinduism

(Skt, formation; P腻li, s补峁噆h腻ra). The constructing activities that form, shape or condition the moral and spiritual development of the individual. The 蝉补峁僺办腻谤补-skandha is the fourth of the five aggregates (skandha) that constitute the human person, and also the second link (nid腻na) in the twelvefold scheme of Dependent Origination (prat墨tya-sam耻迟辫腻诲补). The term refers in particular to volitions and intentions (which may be morally good, bad, or neutral) and the way that these contribute to the formation of individual patterns of behaviour or traits of character. Repetition imprints a particular 蝉补峁僺办腻谤补 on the psyche and the imprint is carried over into the next life. The aim of Buddhist practice is to replace negative imprints with positive ones.

: WikiPedia: Hinduism

The Samskaras are rites of passage finding varied acceptance among religious adherents of Hinduism (Vedic), Jainism and some schools of thought in Buddhism.

The samsk腻ra are a series of sacraments, sacrifices and rituals that serve as rites of passage and mark the various stages of the human life and to signify entry to a particular Ashrama (i.e. stage of life). All human beings are required to perform a number of sacrifices with oblations for gods, Ancestors and Guardians in accordance with the Vedic dictums for a Dharmic or righteous life and become Dvija or twice-born by the performance of these acts. Basically all these rituals are of the nature of purification and/or bestow good qualities (gunas). A person does not have to foster a relationship between religious-spiritual knowledge and the practice of religious-rituals. It means a person having deep religious spiritual knowledge may or may not be involved in the ritual processes. Similarly a person involved in rituals may or may not have the religious knowledge.

: Hindupedia: The Hindu Encyclopedia

厂补峁僺办腻谤补 is a rite that involves mantra. There are forty samsk腻ras or rites performed in one鈥檚 lifetime:

Seven are paka Yaj帽as

1. (补峁�t补办补,
2. 蝉迟丑腻濒颈辫腻办补,
3. parvana,
4. 蝉谤腻惫补峁噄,
5. 腻驳谤补丑补测补苍颈,
6. caitri
7. and 腻sv墨yuji).

They involve consecrating cooked items.

Seven are Soma Yaj帽as

8. (agnistoma,
9. atyagnistoma,
10. uktya,
11. shodasi,
12. 惫腻箩补辫别测补,
13. 补迟颈谤腻迟谤补
14. and aptoryama).

The y腻g腻 that involves the extraction, utility and consumption of Soma (in the general sense nectar, but extract of a particular tree specifically) is called a Soma Yaj帽a. Others are usually referred to as havirya帽nas.

Seven are Havir Yaj帽as

15. (补驳苍颈测腻诲丑腻苍补,
16. agni hotra,
17. 顿补谤艣补-笔奴谤峁嘺尘腻蝉补,
18. 腻驳谤补测补苍补,
19. 肠腻迟耻谤尘腻蝉测补,
20. niruudha pa艣u bandha,
21. 蝉补耻迟谤腻尘补峁噄).

They involve offering havis.

22-26) Five are the panca mah腻 Yaj帽腻s.

27-30) Four are Vedavratas, which are done during Vedic education.

Remaining ten are one-time samsk腻ras that are done at different stages in life. They are

31. 驳补谤产丑腻诲丑腻苍腻,
32. pumsavana,
33. 蝉墨尘补苍迟补,
34. 箩腻迟补办补谤尘补,
35. 苍腻尘补办补谤补峁嘺,
36. 补苍苍补辫谤腻艣补苍补,
37. caula,
38. upanayana,
39. 蝉苍腻迟补办补
40. and 惫颈惫腻丑补.

These are specified by the g峁沨ya s奴tr腻s.

: Srimatham: Hindu Sacraments

The word 厂补峁僺办腻谤补 is usually translated as 鈥渕ore, religious rite, ceremony, social observances, formalities and punctilious behaviour.鈥� But none of these words convey the actual meaning of the Sanskrit term 厂补峁僺办腻谤补. The closest approximation is the word sacrament which means:鈥� 鈥渞eligious ceremony or act regarded as an outward and visible sign of inward and spiritual grace鈥�.

1) 笔腻苍颈苍颈 defines 厂补峁僺办腻谤补 as samparyupebhya岣� karotu bh奴峁２贯箛e 鈥� 鈥渢hat which adorns one鈥檚 personality鈥�.

2) The 艢补产诲补-办辞峁�a defines it as sa峁僺k腻r腻峁嚹遽箖 gu峁嚹錸tar腻dh腻nam 蝉补峁僺办腻谤补岣� 鈥� 鈥渢hat which brings about quality transformation鈥�.

3) In the Jaimini 蝉奴迟谤补蝉 (111. 1. 3) the sage explains the term 厂补峁僺办腻谤补 补蝉:鈥� 鈥渁n act which makes a certain thing or person fit for a certain purpose鈥�.

4) The Tantra-vartika (p. 1078) defines 厂补峁僺办腻谤补 补蝉:鈥� 鈥渢hose acts and rites that impart suitability or fitness [adhik腻ra]鈥� and further adds that adhik腻ra is of two kinds:鈥�1. The removal of negative mental conditioning (p腻pa-k峁�aya) 2. The generation of positive qualities through purification of the mind (citta艣uddhi).

5) The word 鈥湷Р贯箖s办腻谤补鈥� as 鈥渟acrament鈥� means the religious purificatory rites and ceremonies for sanctifying the body, mind and intellect of an individual. The purpose of life is a gradual training in spiritual-unfoldment. All of life is a ritual and a sacrament and every phase of one鈥檚 physical evolution should be sanctified for service of the Divine. By means of the 厂补峁僺办腻谤补s, the mind is reawakened to the Ultimate Goal in life which is spiritual wisdom and Liberation from the cycle of births and deaths.

In Buddhism

Mahayana (major branch of Buddhism)

Source: Wisdom Library: Maha Prajnaparamita Sastra

1) 厂补峁僺办腻谤补 (啶膏�傕じ啷嵿�曕ぞ啶�, 鈥渇ormation鈥�) (pali 蝉补峁卥丑腻谤补) refers to the second of twelve 辫谤补迟墨迟测补蝉补尘耻迟辫腻诲补 (dependent origination) according to the 2nd century Mah腻praj帽腻p腻ramit腻艣腻stra chapter X. From 补惫颈诲测腻 there arise actions (karman) which realize fruition in a universe (濒辞办补诲丑腻迟耻). These are the 蝉补峁僺办腻谤补蝉, formations. From 蝉补峁僺办腻谤补 there arises a defiled mind (samalacitta), initial cause of the present existence. Because it is aware in the way that a calf (vatsa) is aware of its mother, it is called 惫颈箩帽腻苍补, consciousness.

2) 厂补峁僺办腻谤补 (啶膏�傕じ啷嵿�曕ぞ啶�, 鈥渇ormation鈥�) is another word for 厂补峁僺办峁泃补, or 鈥渃onditioned dharmas鈥� and represents one of the two main divisions of dharmas (things), according to chapter XLVIII. Dharmas or things occur in two main categories: unconditioned (补蝉补峁僺办峁泃补) dharmas and conditioned (蝉补峁僺办峁泃补) dharmas. The 蝉补峁僺办峁泃补s, also called 蝉补峁僺办腻谤补蝉, formations, are dependently originated (辫谤补迟墨迟测补-蝉补尘耻迟辫补苍苍补) from causes and conditions (hetupratyaya) and furnished with three (or four) conditioned characteristics: birth (耻迟辫腻诲补), extinction (vyaya) and duration-change (蝉迟丑颈迟测补苍测补迟丑腻迟惫补) as a function of which they arise, endure and disappear: cf. Nid腻nasa峁儁ukta.

: academia.edu: A Study and Translation of the Gaganaga帽japarip峁沜ch腻

厂补峁僺办腻谤补 (啶膏�傕じ啷嵿�曕ぞ啶�) refers to 鈥渇ormative factors鈥�, according to the Gaganaga帽japarip峁沜ch腻: the eighth chapter of the Mah腻sa峁僴ip腻ta (a collection of Mah腻y腻na Buddhist S奴tras).鈥擜ccordingly, 鈥淔urthermore, the recollection of the Buddha is not to see the Lord from his material body, but to be in accordance with the knowledge of recollection through understanding the nature of the material form. It is not to see the Lord from his feeling (惫别诲补苍腻), perception (蝉补峁僯帽腻), formative factors (蝉补峁僺办腻谤补) or consciousness (惫颈箩帽腻苍补), but to be in accordance with the knowledge of recollection through understanding their nature. It is not to see the Lord from his parts of personality, realms or fields of perception, but to be in accordance with the knowledge of recollection through understanding their nature. [...]鈥�.

context information

Mahayana (啶�啶灌ぞ啶�啶距え, mah腻y腻na) is a major branch of Buddhism focusing on the path of a Bodhisattva (spiritual aspirants/ enlightened beings). Extant literature is vast and primarely composed in the Sanskrit language. There are many 蝉奴迟谤补蝉 of which some of the earliest are the various Praj帽腻p腻ramit腻 蝉奴迟谤补蝉.

Tibetan Buddhism (Vajrayana or tantric Buddhism)

: archive.org: The Indian Buddhist Iconography

厂补峁僺办腻谤补 (啶膏�傕じ啷嵿�曕ぞ啶�, 鈥渃onformation鈥�) refers to one of the five Skandhas (cosmic elements), according to Vajray腻na or Tantric Buddhism.鈥擳he Buddhists believe that the world is composed of five cosmic elements or Skandhas [viz., 厂补峁僺办腻谤补 (conformation)...]. These elements are eternal cosmic forces and are without a beginning or an end. These cosmic forces are deified in Vajray腻na as the five Dhy腻ni Buddhas. In the course of time they were regarded as the five primordial gods responsible for this diversified creation, [..].

: OSU Press: Cakrasamvara Samadhi

厂补峁僺办腻谤补 (啶膏�傕じ啷嵿�曕ぞ啶�) or 厂补峁僺办腻谤补skandha refers to 鈥�(the aggregate of) mental formations鈥�, according to the 骋耻谤耻-尘补峁囜笉补濒补-补谤肠补苍补 [i.e., 鈥淕uru Mandala Worship]鈥� ritual often performed in combination with the Cakrasa峁僾ara Sam腻dhi, which refers to the primary 辫奴箩腻 and 蝉腻诲丑补苍腻 practice of Newah Mah腻y腻na-Vajray腻na Buddhists in Nepal.鈥擜ccordingly, 鈥淭here, in the five aggregates, originates the making of I. Vairocana in the aggregate of forms. Vajras奴rya in sensations. Padman峁泃ye艣vara in perceptions. Vajrar腻ja in mental formations (蝉补峁僺办腻谤补-skandha). Vajrasattva in consciousness. 艢r墨 Heruka Vajra in the truth of all Tath腻gata鈥�.

context information

Tibetan Buddhism includes schools such as Nyingma, Kadampa, Kagyu and Gelug. Their primary canon of literature is divided in two broad categories: The Kangyur, which consists of Buddha鈥檚 words, and the Tengyur, which includes commentaries from various sources. Esotericism and tantra techniques (惫补箩谤补测腻苍补) are collected indepently.

General definition (in Buddhism)

Source: Wisdom Library: Dharma-samgraha

1) 厂补峁僺办腻谤补 (啶膏�傕じ啷嵿�曕ぞ啶�, 鈥渧olitions鈥�) refers to the fourth of the 鈥渇ive components鈥� (辫补帽肠补蝉办补苍诲丑补) as defined in the Dharma-sa峁僩raha (section 22). The Dharma-samgraha (Dharmasangraha) is an extensive glossary of Buddhist technical terms in Sanskrit (e.g., 蝉补峁僺办腻谤补). The work is attributed to Nagarjuna who lived around the 2nd century A.D.

厂补峁僺办腻谤补 also refers to the second of the 鈥渢welve factors of conditional origination鈥� (辫谤补迟墨迟测补蝉补尘耻迟辫腻诲补) as defined in the Dharma-sa峁僩raha (section 42).

2) 厂补峁僺办腻谤补 (啶膏�傕じ啷嵿�曕ぞ啶�, 鈥渃onditions鈥�) is defined in the Dharma-sa峁僩raha (section 29-31) as being of two main divisions:

1. cittasamprayukta (conditions that are associated with mind),
2. cittaviprayukta (conditions that are unassociated with mind).

There are forty conditions that are associated with mind (citta-samprayukta-蝉补峁僺办腻谤补), they are:

1. 惫别诲补苍腻 (feelings),
2. 蝉补峁僯帽腻 (perceptions),
3. 肠别迟补苍腻 (intentions),
4. chandas (desire),
5. 蝉辫补谤艣补 (contact),
6. mati (design),
7. 蝉尘峁泃颈 (mindfulness),
8. 尘补苍补蝉办腻谤补 (application of mind),
9. 补诲丑颈尘辞办峁�a (determination),
10. 蝉补尘腻诲丑颈 (concentration),
11. 艣谤补诲诲丑腻 (faith),
12. 补辫谤补尘腻诲补 (heedfulness),
13. 辫谤补艣谤补产诲丑颈 (tranquillity),
14. 耻辫别办峁Ｄ� (equanimity),
15. 丑谤墨 (shame),
16. 补辫补迟谤补辫腻 (conscience),
17. alobha (non-greed),
18. 补诲惫别峁�a (non-hatred),
19. 补丑颈峁僺腻 (non-violence),
20. 惫墨谤测补 (energy),
21. moha (delusion),
22. 辫谤补尘腻诲补 (heedlessness),
23. 办补耻蝉墨诲测补 (indolence),
24. 补艣谤腻诲诲丑测补 (faithlessness),
25. 蝉迟测腻苍补 (sloth),
26. auddhatya (agitation),
27. a丑谤墨kat腻 (shamelessness),
28. an补辫补迟谤补辫腻 (lack of conscience),
29. krodha (anger),
30. 耻辫补苍腻丑补 (enmity),
31. 艣腻峁环测补 (deceit),
32. 墨谤峁�y腻 (jealousy),
33. 辫谤补诲腻苍补 (goading),
34. 尘谤补办峁�a (ill-will),
35. 尘腻迟蝉补谤测补 (selfishness),
36. 尘腻测腻 (deception),
37. mada (intoxication),
38. 惫颈丑颈峁僺腻 (violence),
39. vitarka (thinking),
40. 惫颈肠腻谤补 (reflection).

There are thirteen conditions that are unassociated with mind (citta-viprayukta-蝉补峁僺办腻谤补):

1. 辫谤腻辫迟颈 (occurrence),
2. a辫谤腻辫迟颈 (non-occurrence),
3. 蝉补产丑腻驳补迟腻 (participation),
4. 补蝉补峁僯帽颈办补 (unconsciousness),
5. 蝉补尘腻辫迟颈 (attainment),
6. 箩墨惫颈迟补 (life),
7. 箩腻迟颈 (birth),
8. 箩补谤腻 (old age),
9. sthiti (stability),
10. 补苍颈迟测补迟腻 (impermanence),
11. 苍腻尘补k腻ya (a group of words),
12. 辫补诲补办腻测补 (a group of sentences),
13. 惫测补帽箩补苍补办腻测补 (a group of syllables).

3) 厂补峁僺办腻谤补 (啶膏�傕じ啷嵿�曕ぞ啶�, 鈥減ractices鈥�) or A峁ａ弓a蝉补峁僺办腻谤补 refers to the 鈥渆ight practices for the abandoning of conditions鈥� as defined in the Dharma-sa峁僩raha (section 119):

1. 艣谤补诲诲丑腻 (faith),
2. buddha (intelligence),
3. 惫测腻测腻尘补 (endeavour),
4. prasrabdhi (calm),
5. 蝉尘峁泃颈 (mindfulness),
6. samprajanya (full knowledge),
7. 肠别迟补苍辞辫别办峁Ｄ� (intention and equanimity).

Languages of India and abroad

Marathi-English dictionary

: DDSA: The Molesworth Marathi and English Dictionary

蝉补峁僺办腻谤补 (啶膏�傕じ啷嵿�曕ぞ啶�).鈥攎 (S) A common term for the essential and purificatory rites or ceremonies amongst the Hindus. These for males of the three first classes are sixteen; viz. 驳补谤产丑腻诲丑腻尘补 Sacrifice on or before conception; 辫耻峁僺补惫补苍补 Sacrifice on vitality in the fo艙tus; 补苍补惫补濒艒产丑补苍补 Sacrifice in the third month of pregnancy; 惫颈峁ａ箛耻产补濒颈 Sacrifice in the seventh month; 蝉墨尘补苍迟艒苍苍补测补苍补 Sacrifice in the fourth, sixth, or eighth month; 箩腻迟补办补谤尘尘补 Giving the infant clarified butter out of a golden spoon before dividing the navel string; 苍腻尘补办补谤补峁嘺 Naming the child on the tenth, eleventh, twelfth, or hundredth and first day; 苍颈峁�k谤补尘补峁嘺 Carrying him out to be presented to the moon on the third lunar day of the third light fortnight; 蝉奴谤测腻惫补濒艒办补苍补 Carrying him out to be presented to the sun in the third or fourth month; 补苍苍补辫谤腻艣补苍补 Feeding him with rice in the sixth or eighth month, or when he has cut teeth; 肠奴岣嵞錵腻谤测测补 Tonsure in the second or third year; upanayana Investiture with the string in the fifth, eighth, or sixteenth year; 尘补丑腻苍腻尘测补 Instruction in the Gayatri after the 尘耻帽箩补; 蝉补尘腻惫补谤迟迟补苍补 Loosening the Munj from the loins; 惫颈惫腻丑补 Marriage; svarg腻- r艒h补峁嘺 Obsequies. Of the above upanayana, 尘补丑腻苍腻尘测补, 蝉补尘腻惫补谤迟迟补苍补 apply not to Shudras. In Colebrooke's Digest, 3, 10, 4, a different enumeration of the 蝉补峁僺办腻谤补 is given. 2 Purifying, sanctifying, consecrating; preparing by certain rites for holy and sacred offices or works: also any rite or act in purification or consecration. 3 Preparing, by any operation of cookery, or by compounding, infusing, baking &c. (a dish or an article of food, a medicine or a medicament). 4 Embellishing, polishing, finishing, perfecting; doing (of any act) well and thoroughly, or making (of any thing) complete and perfect. 5 Any operation or action upon: also any change or abiding effect accomplished upon.

: DDSA: The Aryabhusan school dictionary, Marathi-English

蝉补峁僺办腻谤补 (啶膏�傕じ啷嵿�曕ぞ啶�).鈥�m A rite, ceremony. An opera- tion. Polishing.

context information

Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.

Sanskrit dictionary

: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary

厂补峁僺办腻谤补 (啶膏�傕じ啷嵿�曕ぞ啶�).鈥�1 Making perfect, refining, polishing; (尘补峁噄岣�) 啶�啷嵿ぐ啶�啷佮�曕�嵿い啶膏�傕じ啷嵿�曕ぞ啶� 啶囙さ啶距ぇ啶苦�曕�� 啶�啶�啷� (prayukta蝉补峁僺办腻谤补 iv腻dhika峁� babhau) R.3.18.

2) Refinement, perfection, grammatical purity (as of words); 啶膏�傕じ啷嵿�曕ぞ啶�- 啶掂い啷嵿く啷囙さ 啶椸た啶班ぞ 啶�啶ㄠ��啶粪�� (蝉补峁僺办腻谤补- vatyeva gir腻 man墨峁Ｄ�) Kum腻rasambhava 1.28 (where Malli, renders the word by vy腻kar补峁嘺jany腻 艣uddhi岣�); R.15.76.

3) Education, cultivation, training (as of the mind); 啶ㄠた啶膏ぐ啷嵿��- 啶膏�傕じ啷嵿�曕ぞ啶班さ啶苦え啷�啶� 啶囙い啷嵿く啶膏�� 啶ㄠ�冟お啷囙�� 啶氞�曕�嵿ぐ啷� 啶�啷佮さ啶班ぞ啶溹ざ啶�啷嵿う啶�啶距�曕�� (nisarga- 蝉补峁僺办腻谤补vin墨ta ityasau n峁沺e峁嘺 cakre yuvar腻ja艣abdabh腻k) R.3.35; Ku. 7.1.

4) Making ready, preparation.

5) Cooking, dressing (as of food &c.).

6) Embellishment, decoration, ornament; 啶膏�嵿さ啶�啶距さ啶膏�佮え啷嵿う啶班�� 啶掂じ啷嵿い啷� 啶� 啶膏�傕じ啷嵿�曕ぞ啶班ぎ啶�啷囙�曕�嵿し啶む�� (svabh腻vasundara峁� vastu na 蝉补峁僺办腻谤补mapek峁�ate) D峁�. 艢. 49; 艢.7.23; Mu.2.1.

7) Consecration, sanctification, hallowing; 啶膏�傕じ啷嵿�曕ぞ啶班�� 啶ㄠぞ啶� 啶� 啶�啶掂い啶� 啶�啶膏�嵿ぎ啶苦�炧�嵿�溹ぞ啶む�� 啶�啶︵ぞ啶班�嵿ぅ啷� 啶�啶掂い啶� 啶�啷嬥�椸�嵿く啶� 啶曕じ啷嵿く啶氞た啶︵ぐ啷嵿ぅ啶膏�嵿�� (sa峁僺k腻ro 苍腻尘补 sa bhavati yasmi帽j腻te pad腻rtho bhavati yogya岣� kasyacidarthasya) 艢B. on MS.3.1.3.

3) Impression, form, mould, operation, influence; 啶�啶ㄠ�嵿え啶掂�� 啶�啷嬥�溹え啷� 啶侧�椸�嵿え啶� 啶膏�傕じ啷嵿�曕ぞ啶班�� 啶ㄠぞ啶ㄠ�嵿く啶ム�� 啶�啶掂�囙い啷� (yannave bhojane lagna岣� sa峁僺k腻ro n腻nyath腻 bhavet) H. Pr.8; 叠丑补谤迟峁沨补谤颈 3.84.

9) Idea, notion, conception.

1) Any faculty or capacity.

11) Effect of work, merit of action; 啶�啶侧ぞ啶ㄠ�佮ぎ啷囙く啶距�� 啶�啷嵿ぐ啶距ぐ啶�啷嵿き啶距�� 啶膏�傕じ啷嵿�曕ぞ啶班ぞ啶� 啶�啷嵿ぐ啶距�曕�嵿い啶ㄠ�� 啶囙さ (phal腻numey腻岣� pr腻rambh腻岣� 蝉补峁僺办腻谤腻岣� pr腻ktan腻 iva) R.1.2.

12) The self-reproductive quality, faculty of impression; one of the 24 qualities or 驳耻峁嘺s recognised by the Vai艣e峁�ikas; it is of three kinds: 啶�啶距さ啶ㄠ��, 啶掂�囙�� (产丑腻惫补苍腻, vega), and 啶膏�嵿ぅ啶苦い啶苦じ啷嵿ぅ啶距お啶曕い啶� (蝉迟丑颈迟颈蝉迟丑腻辫补办补t腻) q .q. v. v.

13) The faculty of recollection, impression on the memory; 啶膏�傕じ啷嵿�曕ぞ啶班ぎ啶距い啷嵿ぐ啶溹え啷嵿く啶� 啶溹�嵿�炧ぞ啶ㄠ�� 啶膏�嵿ぎ啷冟い啶苦�� (蝉补峁僺办腻谤补m腻trajanya峁� j帽腻na峁� 蝉尘峁泃颈岣�) T. S.

14) A purificatory rite, a sacred rite or ceremony; 啶膏�傕じ啷嵿�曕ぞ啶班ぞ啶班�嵿ぅ啶� 啶多ぐ啷�啶班じ啷嵿く (sa峁僺k腻r腻rtha峁� 艣ar墨rasya) Manu蝉尘峁泃颈 2.66; R.1.78; (Manu mentions 12 such 厂补峁僺办腻谤补s viz. 1. 驳补谤产丑腻诲丑腻苍补, 2. 辫耻峁僺补惫补苍补, 3. 蝉墨尘补苍迟辞苍苍补测补苍补, 4. 箩腻迟补办补谤尘补苍, 5. 苍腻尘补办补谤尘补苍, 6. 苍颈峁�k谤补尘补峁嘺, 7. 补苍苍补辫谤腻艣补苍补, 8. 肠奴岣嵞錵补谤尘补苍, 9. upanayana, 1. 办别艣腻苍迟补, 11. 蝉补尘腻惫补谤迟补苍补, and 12. 惫颈惫腻丑补; see Manu蝉尘峁泃颈 2.26 &c.; some writers increase the number to sixteen).

15) Purification, purity.

16) A rite or ceremony in general.

17) Investiture with the sacred thread; 啶�啶距�傕じ啶� 啶�啷傕い啷嵿ぐ啶� 啶�啷佮ぐ啷�啶粪�� 啶� 啶�啷嵿ぐ啶距ざ啷嵿�� 啶膏�傕じ啷嵿�曕ぞ啶班ぎ啶班�嵿す啶む�� (m腻峁僺a峁� m奴tra峁� pur墨峁�a峁� ca pr腻艣ya 蝉补峁僺办腻谤补marhati) Mah腻bh腻rata (Bombay) 12.165.76.

18) Obsequial ceremonies.

19) A polishing stone; 啶膏�傕じ啷嵿�曕ぞ啶班�嬥げ啷嵿げ啶苦�栢た啶む�� 啶�啶灌ぞ啶�啶｀た啶班た啶� 啶曕�嵿し啷�啶｀�嬥そ啶�啶� 啶ㄠぞ啶侧�曕�嵿し啷嵿く啶む�� (sa峁僺k腻rollikhito mah腻m补峁噄riva k峁Ｄ�峁噊'pi n腻lak峁�yate) 艢.6.5 (where 蝉补峁僺办腻谤补 may mean 'polishing' also).

Derivable forms: 蝉补峁僺办腻谤补岣� (啶膏�傕じ啷嵿�曕ぞ啶班��).

: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionary

厂补峁僺办腻谤补 (啶膏�傕じ啷嵿�曕ぞ啶�).鈥�m. (= Pali sa峁僰h腻ra; both mgs. clearly foreshadowed in Sanskrit, but here technically specialized), (1) usually pl., predisposition(s), the effect of past deeds and experience as conditioni峁噂 a new state: the fourth of the (up腻d腻na-)skandha, qq.v., and the second item in the prat墨tya-sam耻迟辫腻诲补, q.v. (arising from 补惫颈诲测腻, and cause of 惫颈箩帽腻苍补); all as in Pali; for a brief and illuminating statement see L茅vi, Asa峁単a (Mah腻y腻na-s奴tr腻la峁僰腻ra) v.8 note 1; Sanskrit uses the word in virtually the same meaning, [Boehtlingk and Roth] s.v. 5; 蝉补峁僺办腻谤补-du岣�khat腻, see du岣�khat腻; samsk腻rahetu dadate na ca sa峁僰ramo 'sti, 惫颈箩帽腻苍补m udbhavati sa峁僰ram补峁嘺峁� prat墨tya Lalitavistara 419.19鈥�20 (verses), it (sc. 补惫颈诲测腻, in prec. line) furnishes the cause for the predisposition(s) and so (once 补惫颈诲测腻 is gone) there is no transmigration; 惫颈箩帽腻苍补 (the next link after 蝉补峁僺办腻谤补) arises (only) in dependence on transmigration; (2) pl., conditionings, conditioned states, which means collectively the dharma (4) or states of (normal, sentient) being, compare 蝉补峁僺办峁泃补: sarvasa峁僺k腻r腻 anity腻岣� (as in Pali, Critical Pali Dictionary s.v. anicca) sarvasa峁僺k腻r腻 du岣�kh腻 sarvadharm腻 an腻迟尘腻na岣� 惭补丑腻惫补蝉迟耻 ii.285.18鈥�19; katha峁� ca bodhisattva岣� sarva-掳r腻峁� anityata岣� samanupa艣yati 叠辞诲丑颈蝉补迟迟惫补产丑奴尘颈 277.16 (and ff.); virakta岣� sarva-掳re峁�u sarva-掳ra-v墨tikrama峁� pr腻payi峁�y腻mi 惭补丑腻惫补蝉迟耻 ii.279.19; sarva-掳r腻峁嚹錷鈥�prah腻峁嚹錿 prah腻峁嘺dh腻tur ity ucyate, sarva-掳r腻峁嚹遽箖 vir腻g腻d vir腻gadh腻tur鈥�础惫补诲腻苍补-艣补迟补办补 ii.141.3 (see dh腻tu 4); 箩墨惫颈迟补-掳r腻n adhi峁ａ弓h腻ya 腻yu岣�-掳r腻n utsra峁ａ弓um 腻rabdha岣� 顿颈惫测腻惫补诲腻苍补 203.7, mastering, holding firmly, the conditionings of his life, he set about to renounce the conditionings of long-life, i.e. he determined not to enter nirv腻峁嘺 immediately, but to do so after three months, which would give him time to complete his necessary tasks; see 础产丑颈诲丑补谤尘补办辞艣补 LaV-P. ii.122 ff. (the term of three months, 124; so also Pali); Pali D墨ghanik腻ya (Pali) ii.99.10 (after state- ment of his reasons) 箩墨惫颈迟补-sa峁僰h腻ra峁� adhi峁�峁環腻ya viharey- ya峁�; commentary ii.547.5 ff. 掳ra峁� ti, ettha 箩墨惫颈迟补m pi 箩墨惫颈迟补sa峁�- kh腻ro, yena 箩墨惫颈迟补峁� sa峁卥har墨yati, chijjam腻na峁� gha峁璭tv腻 峁環ap墨yati; yo phalasam腻patti dhammo pi 箩墨惫颈迟补sa峁卥h腻ro, so idha adhippeto; adhi峁�峁環腻y腻 ti adhiti峁�峁環itv腻 pavattetv腻 j墨vit腻-(read 掳ta-?)-峁環apanasamattha峁� phalasam腻patti峁� sam腻pajjeyyan ti, ayam ettha sa峁卥hepattho; 腻yu岣�sa峁�- sk腻ra, conditionings of long-life, only as obj. of uts峁沯ati as Pali 腻yusa峁僰h腻ra (鈥榰sually pl.鈥�, [Pali Text Society鈥檚 Pali-English Dictionary]) of ossa(j)jati; 掳r腻n uts峁沯ati 惭补丑腻惫测耻迟辫补迟迟颈 6454; 掳ram (text with 2 mss., read 掳r腻m = 掳r腻n with 4 mss.) uts峁沯ant腻n腻峁� (sc. Buddh腻n腻峁�; p奴rv腻 ko峁��� na praj帽腻yate) 惭补丑腻惫补蝉迟耻 i.125.19 (verse; next line, [Page543-a+ 71] nirv腻yant腻n腻峁�, mss. 掳v腻paya掳, v墨r腻峁嚹遽箖 p掳 k掳 na pra掳); bhava-蝉补峁僺办腻谤补 = 腻yu岣�-sa峁兟�; bhava-掳ram apots峁沯an muni岣� 顿颈惫测腻惫补诲腻苍补 203.16 (verse), after samanantarots峁涐梗峁璭sv 腻yu岣�- 掳re峁�u 10, which follows 203.7 above; same verse (also follow- ing 腻yusa峁僰h腻ra峁� ossajji) in Pali 鲍诲腻苍补惫补谤驳补. 64.29 bhavasa峁�- kh腻ra峁� avassajji muni; [in Lalitavistara 262.18 (verse) text l腻bha艣lokau ca 蝉补峁僺办腻谤补u (most mss. 掳ro), but read (Sanskrit) satk腻ro = Pali sakk腻ra, honor, with same verse in Pali Sn 438, supported by Tibetan bkur sti = satk腻ra; compare also l腻bha-satk腻ra-艣loka 惭补丑腻惫测耻迟辫补迟迟颈 183.]

: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English Dictionary

厂补峁僺办腻谤补 (啶膏�傕じ啷嵿�曕ぞ啶�).鈥攎.

(-谤补岣�) 1. Completing, accomplishing, finishing, perfecting. 2. Apprehension, conception. 3. The power of memory, the faculty of recollection. 4. Faculty in general, one of the twenty-four qualities enumerated by logicians. 5. An essential and purificatory rite or ceremony amongst the Hindus; as those of the three first classes, commencing with conception and ending with marriage; or 驳补谤产丑腻诲丑腻苍补峁� sacrifice on conception; 辫耻峁僺补惫补苍补峁� on vitality in the f艙tus; 蝉墨尘补苍迟辞苍苍补测补苍补峁� in the fourth, sixth, or eight month; 箩腻迟补办补谤尘尘补 giving the infant clarified butter out of a golden spoon to taste, before dividing the navel string; 苍腻尘补办补谤补峁嘺峁� naming the child on the tenth, eleventh, twelfth, or hundred and first day: 苍颈峁�k谤补尘补峁嘺峁� carrying him out to see the moon on the third lunar day of the third light fortnight, or to see the sun in the third or fourth month; 补苍苍补辫谤腻艣补苍补峁� feeding him with rice in the sixth or eighth month, or when he has cut teeth; 肠奴岣嵞錵腻谤测补峁� tonsure in the second or third year; 耻辫补苍补测补苍补峁� investiture with the string in the fifth, eight, or sixteenth year; 惫颈惫腻丑补岣� or marriage is the tenth and last Sanskara. 5. Embellishment, decoration, elegance. 6. Purity, perfection. 7. Preparing as an article of medicine or food, cooking, dressing, compounding, &c. 8. Purification, consecration. 9. Impression, form, mould. E. sam implying perfection, 办峁� to make, 补峁� aff. and 蝉耻峁� augment.

: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Benfey Sanskrit-English Dictionary

厂补峁僺办腻谤补 (啶膏�傕じ啷嵿�曕ぞ啶�).鈥攊. e. sam-办峁� + a, m. 1. Completing. 2. Perfecting, perfection, [Uttara R腻macarita, 2. ed. Calc., 1862.] 135, 6. 3. Embellishment, decoration, [顿补艣补办耻尘腻谤补肠补谤颈迟补] in Chr. 181, 19; [笔补帽肠补迟补苍迟谤补] 185, 25; ornament, [M腻lat墨m腻dhava, (ed. Calc.)] 126, 9. 4. Institution and education, [惭腻苍补惫补诲丑补谤尘补艣腻蝉迟谤补] 1, 111. 5. Purification. 6. A purificatory rite, [惭腻苍补惫补诲丑补谤尘补艣腻蝉迟谤补] 2, 26; 27; [Ved腻ntas腻ra, (in my Chrestomathy.)] in Chr. 219, 13. 7. Ceremony in general, [惭腻苍补惫补诲丑补谤尘补艣腻蝉迟谤补] 3, 43. 8. The investiture with the holy cord, [惭腻苍补惫补诲丑补谤尘补艣腻蝉迟谤补] 11, 150. 9. Consecration (of a king), [惭腻苍补惫补诲丑补谤尘补艣腻蝉迟谤补] 7, 2. 10. Obsequies, [Lassen, Anthologia Sanskritica.] 17, 11. 11. Purity. 12. Preparing as an article of medicine or food. 13. Impression, form, mould, [艢腻kuntala, (ed. B枚htlingk.)] [distich] 133 (Sch. a polishing stone). 14. The power of memory, [Kath腻sarits腻gara, (ed. Brockhaus.)] 7, 19. 15. Apprehension, conception, [搁腻箩补迟补谤补峁単颈峁嚹�] 5, 228; resolution, [贬颈迟辞辫补诲别艣补] 112, 5 (vi-s尘峁泃补-p奴rva-, adj. Forgetting his former resolution). 16. The selfreproductive quality (Ballantyne, i. e. vitality, elasticity, and mental impression), Bh腻峁Ｄ錺. 29; 156.

: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Cappeller Sanskrit-English Dictionary

厂补峁僺办腻谤补 (啶膏�傕じ啷嵿�曕ぞ啶�).鈥擺masculine] preparing, arranging; cultivation, education; purification, sacrament, consecration, any rite or ceremony, [especially] funeral obsequies; impression (ph.).

: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Aufrecht Catalogus Catalogorum

1) 厂补峁僺办腻谤补 (啶膏�傕じ啷嵿�曕ぞ啶�) as mentioned in Aufrecht鈥檚 Catalogus Catalogorum:鈥攆rom the Dinakaroddyota. B. 3, 94.

2) 厂补峁僺办腻谤补 (啶膏�傕じ啷嵿�曕ぞ啶�):鈥擵s. by N峁泂i峁僪a Bha峁�峁璦. Peters. 2, 175. See 厂补峁僺办腻谤补n峁泂i峁僪a.

3) 厂补峁僺办腻谤腻 (啶膏�傕じ啷嵿�曕ぞ啶班ぞ):鈥�蝉补峁僺办腻谤腻岣� up to upanayana vaid. Bp. 96. See A峁ａ弓腻da艣a蝉补峁僺办腻谤腻岣�.

4) 厂补峁僺办腻谤腻 (啶膏�傕じ啷嵿�曕ぞ啶班ぞ):鈥�蝉补峁僺办腻谤腻岣� See Garbh腻dh腻n腻dy腻岣� 厂补峁僺办腻谤腻岣�.

: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary

1) 厂补峁僺办腻谤补 (啶膏�傕じ啷嵿�曕ぞ啶�):鈥擺=蝉补峁�-蝉办腻谤补] [from sa峁僺-办峁�] m. (ifc. f(腻). ) putting together, forming well, making perfect, accomplishment, embellishment adornment, purification, cleansing, making ready, preparation, dressing (of food), refining (of metals), polishing (of gems), rearing (of animals or plants), [G峁沨ya-s奴tra and 艣rauta-s奴tra; Mah腻bh腻rata; K腻vya literature, etc.]

2) [v.s. ...] cleansing the body, toilet, attire, [Hariva峁兣沘]

3) [v.s. ...] forming the mind, training, education, [R腻m腻y补峁嘺; Raghuva峁兣沘]

4) [v.s. ...] correction (also in an astronomical sense, [S奴ryasiddh腻nta]), correct formation or use of a word, [Nirukta, by Y腻ska; Sarvadar艣ana-sa峁僩raha]

5) [v.s. ...] correctness, purity ([especially] of pronunciation or expression), [Mah腻bh腻rata; R腻m腻y补峁嘺] etc.

6) [v.s. ...] making sacred, hallowing, consecration, [Manu-蝉尘峁泃颈; Mah腻bh腻rata] etc.

7) [v.s. ...] a sacred or sanctifying ceremony, one which purifies from the taint of sin contracted in the, womb and leading to regeneration (12 such ceremonies are enjoined on the first three or twice-born classes in [Manu-蝉尘峁泃颈 ii, 27], viz. 1. 驳补谤产丑腻诲丑腻苍补, 2. 辫耻峁�-蝉补惫补苍补, 3. 蝉墨尘补苍迟辞苍苍补测补苍补, 4. j腻ta-karman, 5. 苍腻尘补办补谤尘补苍, 6. 苍颈峁�k谤补尘补峁嘺, 7. anna-pr腻艣ana, 8. c奴岣嵞�-karman, 9. upanayana, 10. 办别艣腻苍迟补, 11. 蝉补尘腻惫补谤迟补苍补, 12. 惫颈惫腻丑补, qq.vv.; [according to] to [Gautama-dharma-艣腻stra viii, 8 etc.] there are 40 厂补峁僺办腻谤补s), [G峁沨ya-s奴tra; Manu-蝉尘峁泃颈; Mah腻bh腻rata] etc. ([Indian Wisdom, by Sir M. Monier-Williams 188]; 192 etc., [Religious Thought and Life in India 353])

8) [v.s. ...] the ceremony performed on a dead body (id est. cremation), [R腻m腻y补峁嘺]

9) [v.s. ...] any purificatory ceremony, [Horace H. Wilson]

10) [v.s. ...] the faculty of memory, mental impression or recollection, impression on the mind of acts done in a former state of existence (one of the 24 qualities of the Vai艣e峁�ikas, including 产丑腻惫补苍腻, 鈥榯he faculty of reproductive imagination鈥�), [K补峁嚹錮a鈥檚 Vai艣e峁�ika-s奴tra; Sarvadar艣ana-sa峁僩raha] ([Indian Wisdom, by Sir M. Monier-Williams 69])

11) [v.s. ...] ([plural], with Buddhists) a mental conformation or creation of the mind (such as that of the external world, regarded by it as real, though actually non-existent, and forming the second link in the twelvefold chain of causation or the fourth of the 5 Skandhas), [Dharmasa峁僩raha 22; 42]

12) [v.s. ...] a polishing stone, [Monier-Williams鈥� Sanskrit-English Dictionary]

: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Yates Sanskrit-English Dictionary

厂补峁僺办腻谤补 (啶膏�傕じ啷嵿�曕ぞ啶�):鈥擺蝉补峁�-蝉办腻谤补] (谤补岣�) 1. m. Completing; purification; ceremony of purifying; embellishment; purity; preparation; apprehension; faculty; memory; mould.

: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary (S)

厂补峁僺办腻谤补 (啶膏�傕じ啷嵿�曕ぞ啶�) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit word: Sakk腻ra.

[Sanskrit to German]

context information

Sanskrit, also spelled 啶膏�傕じ啷嵿�曕�冟い啶�啷� (蝉补峁僺办峁泃补m), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.

Hindi dictionary

: DDSA: A practical Hindi-English dictionary

厂补峁僺办腻谤补 (啶膏�傕じ啷嵿�曕ぞ啶�) [Also spelled sanskar]:鈥�(nm) mental impression(s) (forming the mind); sacrament; rite/ritual, ceremony; purification; improvement, refinement; ~[v腻na, ~艣墨la] cultured, well-reared, of refined taste; hence ~[艣墨lat腻] (nf); ~[丑墨苍补] uncultured, ill-bred/ill-reared, unrefined.

context information

...

Kannada-English dictionary

: Alar: Kannada-English corpus

厂补峁僺办腻谤补 (嗖膏矀嗖膏硩嗖曕簿嗖�):鈥�

1) [noun] a change for the better; improvement; an amendment.

2) [noun] a correction of errors, faults, etc.; an amending.

3) [noun] an emotion; a feling.

4) [noun] the power to remember; remembrance.

5) [noun] development, improvement or refinement of the intellect, emotions, interests, manners, and taste; culture.

6) [noun] a distinguishing trait, feature or quality; peculiarity; characteristic; a natural character.

7) [noun] the personal characteristics, that one gets from the tradition, family or social environment.

8) [noun] a cleaning, purifying or sanctifying.

9) [noun] the process of purifying (as meditation, religious rites, etc.); sanctification; purification.

10) [noun] the condition or fact of being ready.

11) [noun] the act of polishing as by rubbing; a polishing.

12) [noun] any cosmetic preparation for the skin, hair, etc.; a cosmetic.

13) [noun] the act or process of cooking (food).

14) [noun] the act of completing, finishing; accomplishment.

15) [noun] any of several rituals performed to a person at several stages of his or her life (that are believed to purify from the taint of sin).

16) [noun] funeral rites or ceremonies; obsequies.

17) [noun] the faculty or memory or the ability to recollect the acts, events, circumstances etc. of one鈥檚 past or past existences, considered as one of the qualities of the soul.

18) [noun] (Buddh.) a mental conformation or creation of the mind (such as that of the external world, regarded as real, though actually non-existent).

19) [noun] 嗖膏矀嗖膏硩嗖曕簿嗖班伯嗖距病喑� [samskaramadu] 蝉补峁僺办腻谤补 m腻岣島 = 嗖膏矀嗖膏硩嗖曕舶嗖苦哺喑� [samskarisu].

context information

Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.

Nepali dictionary

: unoes: Nepali-English Dictionary

厂补峁僺办腻谤补 (啶膏�傕じ啷嵿�曕ぞ啶�):鈥攏. 1. refinement; perfection; 2. education; cultivation; training; 3. cooking; dressing; 4. embellishment; decoration; ornamentation; 5. consecration; sanctification; sacrament;

context information

Nepali is the primary language of the Nepalese people counting almost 20 million native speakers. The country of Nepal is situated in the Himalaya mountain range to the north of India.

See also (Relevant definitions)

Partial matches: Sam.

Starts with (+23): Samskarabala, Samskarabhaskara, Samskarabhaskare garbhadhanasamskara, Samskaracodana, Samskaradhikarin, Samskaradidharmashastra, Samskaradidhiti, Samskaradimat, Samskaragangadhara, Samskarahine, Samskaraja, Samskarakamalakara, Samskarakartri, Samskarakaumudi, Samskarakaustubha, Samskaramanjari, Samskaramaya, Samskaramayukha, Samskaramuktavali, Samskaranaman.

Full-text (+788): Angasamskara, Agnisamskara, Kritasamskara, Samskarahina, Punahsamskara, Patrasamskara, Sharirasamskara, Pancasamskara, Mantrasamskara, Samskaravarjita, Cyutasamskara, Abhisamskara, Annasamskara, Duhsamskara, Asamskara, Mritasamskara, Ashtasamskara, Udbuddhasamskara, Samskaraprayoga, Garbhasamskara.

Relevant text

Search found 233 books and stories containing Samskara, Sam-skara, Sa峁�-sk腻ra, 厂补峁僺办腻谤补, 厂补峁僺办腻谤腻, Samsk腻ra; (plurals include: Samskaras, skaras, sk腻ras, 厂补峁僺办腻谤补s, 厂补峁僺办腻谤腻s, Samsk腻ras). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:

A History of Indian Philosophy Volume 1 (by Surendranath Dasgupta)

Part 20 - The Cognitive Process and some characteristics of Citta < [Chapter VII - The Kapila and the P腻ta帽jala S腻峁僰hya (yoga)]

Part 4 - The Doctrine of Causal Connection of early Buddhism < [Chapter V - Buddhist Philosophy]

Part 24 - The Yoga Meditation < [Chapter VII - The Kapila and the P腻ta帽jala S腻峁僰hya (yoga)]

+ 13 more chapters / show preview

Sanatkumara Samhita

verse 106

verse 108

verse 105

+ 2 more chapters / show preview

Manusmriti with the Commentary of Medhatithi (by Ganganatha Jha)

Verse 7.2 < [Section I - Important Position of the King (r腻jan)]

Verse 2.26 < [Section VIII - Duties and Sacraments]

Verse 2.67 < [Section XV - Sacraments for Females]

+ 403 more chapters / show preview

Formal Education System in Ancient India (by Sushmita Nath)

Meaning of the word 厂补峁僺办腻谤补 < [Chapter 2 - Rituals of the Education System]

Number of 厂补峁僺办腻谤补s < [Chapter 2 - Rituals of the Education System]

Chapter 7 - Major findings and Concluding observations

+ 8 more chapters / show preview

Tattvabindu of Vachaspati Mishra (study) (by Kishor Deka)

Part 7 - Refutation of Spho峁璦 by V腻caspati Mi艣ra < [Chapter 2 - Spho峁璦v腻da and its refutation by V腻caspati Mi艣ra]

Part 2 - Acceptance of the Abhihit腻nvaya-v腻da < [Chapter 6 - Abhihit腻nvaya-v腻da of the Bh腻峁�峁璦 M墨m腻峁僺akas]

Chapter 3 - Refutation of the second view (var峁嘺v腻da) on verbal knowledge

+ 1 more chapters / show preview

Notices of Sanskrit Manuscripts (by Rajendralala Mitra)

Page 25 < [Volume 1 (1871)]

Page 249 < [Volume 5 (1879)]

Page 424 < [Volume 2 (1872)]

+ 77 more chapters / show preview

 

Click here for all 233 books

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