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The Sanskrit terms 搁腻办峁�a蝉补 and 搁补办峁�a蝉补 can be transliterated into English as Raksasa or Rakshasa, using the IAST transliteration scheme (?).

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In Hinduism

Natyashastra (theatrics and dramaturgy)

Source: Wisdom Library: N膩峁瓂a-艣膩stra

1) 搁腻办峁�a蝉补 (啶班ぞ啶曕�嵿し啶�) is the Sanskrit name for a group of deities to be worshipped during 谤补峁単补辫奴箩腻, according to the N膩峁瓂a艣膩stra 3.1-8. Accordingly, the master of the dramatic art who has been initiated for the purpose shall consecrate the playhouse after he has made obeisance (e.g., to 搁腻办峁�a蝉补s).

2) 搁腻办峁�a蝉补 (啶︵�囙��) refers to a classification of women according to N膩峁瓂a艣膩stra chapter 24.鈥斺�淎 woman who has large and broad limbs, red wide eyes, coarse hairs, loves to sleep in day time, speaks loudly, has the habit of hurting one with nails and teeth, is disposed to anger, jealousy and quarrel, and likes to roam at night, is said to possess the nature of a 谤腻办峁�a蝉补 (or, 谤补办峁�a蝉)鈥�.

3) 搁腻办峁�a蝉补 (啶班ぞ啶曕�嵿し啶�).鈥擜ccording to the N膩峁瓂a艣膩stra chapter 35, the role (产丑奴尘颈办腻) of actors playing 搁腻办峁�a蝉补s is defined as, 鈥減ersons who are fat, and have a large body and a voice like the peal of thunder (lit. cloud), furious looking eyes and naturally knit eyebrows, should be employed to take up the role of 搁腻办峁�a蝉补s, D膩navas and Daityas; for the performance of male actors should be in conformity with their limbs and movements.鈥�.

: archive.org: The mirror of gesture (abhinaya-darpana)

The 搁腻办峁�a蝉补 Hand: Both hands 艢补办补峁璦, held on the face.

context information

Natyashastra (啶ㄠぞ啶熰�嵿く啶多ぞ啶膏�嵿い啷嵿ぐ, 苍腻峁瓂补艣腻蝉迟谤补) refers to both the ancient Indian tradition (shastra) of performing arts, (natya鈥攖heatrics, drama, dance, music), as well as the name of a Sanskrit work dealing with these subjects. It also teaches the rules for composing Dramatic plays (nataka), construction and performance of Theater, and Poetic works (kavya).

Dharmashastra (religious law)

: Google Books: Manusm峁泃i with the 惭补苍耻产丑腻峁�y补

搁腻办峁�a蝉补 (啶班ぞ啶曕�嵿し啶�) and the rest (测补办峁�a and 辫颈艣腻肠补) are lower classes of beings, ignorant of the law relating to what should and what should not be eaten; and it is they that eat meat (See the 惭补苍耻产丑腻峁�y补 verse 11.95)

context information

Dharmashastra (啶оぐ啷嵿ぎ啶多ぞ啶膏�嵿い啷嵿��, dharma艣膩stra) contains the instructions (shastra) regarding religious conduct of livelihood (dharma), ceremonies, jurisprudence (study of law) and more. It is categorized as smriti, an important and authoritative selection of books dealing with the Hindu lifestyle.

Vaishnavism (Vaishava dharma)

: ISKCON Press: Glossary

搁腻办峁�a蝉补 (啶班ぞ啶曕�嵿し啶�).鈥擜 class of asura or ungodly people. The 搁腻办峁�a蝉补 are always opposed to God鈥檚 will. Generally, they are man-eaters and have grotesque forms.

: Pure Bhakti: Bhagavad-gita (4th edition)

搁腻办峁�a蝉补 (啶班ぞ啶曕�嵿し啶�) refers to 鈥渇lesh-eating demon, generally endowed with mystic powers鈥�. (cf. Glossary page from 艢谤墨尘补诲-叠丑补驳补惫补诲-骋墨迟腻).

: Pure Bhakti: Arcana-dipika - 3rd Edition

搁腻办峁�a蝉补 (啶班ぞ啶曕�嵿し啶�) is the forty-ninth of sixty years (蝉补峁僾补迟蝉补谤补) in the Vedic lunar calendar according to the Arcana-d墨pik膩 by V膩mana Mah膩谤腻箩补 (cf. Appendix).鈥擜ccordingl, There are sixty different names for each year in the Vedic lunar calendar, which begins on the new moon day (Am膩vasy膩) after the appearance day of 艢r墨 Caitanya Mah膩prabhu (Gaura-p奴r峁噄m膩), in February or March. The Vedic year [viz., 搁腻办峁�a蝉补], therefore, does not correspond exactly with the Christian solar calendar year.

: Pure Bhakti: Brahma-samhita

搁腻办峁�a蝉补 (啶班ぞ啶曕�嵿し啶�) refers to鈥擜 type of man-eating demon.

context information

Vaishnava (啶掂�堗し啷嵿ぃ啶�, vai峁ａ箛ava) or vaishnavism (vai峁ａ箛avism) represents a tradition of Hinduism worshipping Vishnu as the supreme Lord. Similar to the Shaktism and Shaivism traditions, Vaishnavism also developed as an individual movement, famous for its exposition of the dashavatara (鈥榯en avatars of Vishnu鈥�).

Purana and Itihasa (epic history)

: Wisdom Library: Vi峁ａ箛u-pur膩峁嘺

搁腻办峁�a蝉补 (啶班ぞ啶曕�嵿し啶�) refers to a class of demons and represents a type of 膧dhibhautika pain, according to the Vi峁ａ箛u-pur膩峁嘺 6.5.1-6. Accordingly, 鈥渢he wise man having investigated the three kinds of worldly pain, or mental and bodily affliction and the like, and having acquired true wisdom, and detachment from human objects, obtains final dissolution.鈥�

膧dhibhautika and its subdivisions (e.g., 谤腻办峁�a蝉补s) represents one of the three types of worldly pain (the other two being 腻诲丑测腻迟尘颈办补 and 腻诲丑颈诲补颈惫颈办补) and correspond to three kinds of affliction described in the S膩峁僰hyak膩rik膩.

The Vi峁ａ箛upur膩峁嘺 is one of the eighteen Mah膩pur膩峁嘺s which, according to tradition was composed of over 23,000 metrical verses dating from at least the 1st-millennium BCE. There are six chapters (补峁兣沘蝉) containing typical puranic literature but the contents primarily revolve around Vi峁ａ箛u and his avatars.

: archive.org: Puranic Encyclopedia

1) 搁腻办峁�a蝉补 (啶班ぞ啶曕�嵿し啶�).鈥擜 particular sect of asuras. The ancients had ordained that 搁腻办峁�a蝉补s should not be killed at dusk. V膩lm墨ki R膩m膩y补峁嘺, B膩lak膩峁囜笉a, Canto 22, Verse 22).

Uttarar膩m膩y补峁嘺, contains the following story about the origin of 搁腻办峁�a蝉补s. When Brahm膩 was reciting the Vedas at the beginning of K峁泃ayuga he felt very hungry and certain forms emanated from his face. Those who were born from his anger assumed the form of 搁腻办峁�a蝉补s and those from his hunger that of Yak峁�as. The 搁腻办峁�a蝉补s turned out to be evil folk killing and eating cows and brahmins. Praheti and Heti were the first born 搁腻办峁�a蝉补s, the latter of whom wedded Bhay膩, daughter of K膩la, and to them was born a son called Vidyutke艣a. He married S膩laka峁璦峁卥膩, daughter of Sandhy膩. Though a child was born to them they forsook it in the Him膩layan slopes and went their own way. (See full article at Story of 搁腻办峁�a蝉补 from the Puranic encyclopaedia by Vettam Mani)

2) 搁腻办峁�a蝉补 (啶班ぞ啶曕�嵿し啶�).鈥擜n approved system of marriage. (See under Viv膩ha).

: archive.org: Shiva Purana - English Translation

搁腻办峁�a蝉补 (啶班ぞ啶曕�嵿し啶�) refers to 鈥渄emons鈥� (having terrible leonine faces), according to the 艢ivapur膩峁嘺 2.5.23 (鈥淥utraging the modesty of V峁沶d膩鈥�).鈥擜ccordingly, as Sanatkum膩ra narrated to Vy膩sa: 鈥淸...] Then [V峁沶d膩], the dejected gloomy wife of Jalandhara, wandered from forest to forest. She was not conscious of even herself. The wandering lady saw two demons (谤腻办峁�a蝉补) of terrible leonine faces with shining curved fanglike teeth. Terrified much on seeing them, the lady fled from there and saw an ascetic of calm countenance observing silence and accompanied by his disciple. Putting her tender creeper-like hands round his neck due to fright she gasped out鈥斺�極 sage, save me. I have sought refuge in you鈥�. [...]鈥�.

: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: The Purana Index

1) 搁补办峁�a蝉补 (啶班�曕�嵿し啶�).鈥擝orn of Vi艣v膩 and Ka艣yapa;¹ worship Barhi峁�ad manes.²

• 1) Matsya-pur膩峁嘺 5. 1; 6. 29, 46.
• 2) Ib. 15. 4.

2a) 搁腻办峁�a蝉补 (啶班ぞ啶曕�嵿し啶�).鈥擜 form of marriage by which K峁涐梗峁嘺 married Rukmi峁嚹�. But Rukmi objected to this form of marriage.^*

• * Bh膩gavata-pur膩峁嘺 X. 52. 18 and 41; 54. 18; Vi峁ａ箛u-pur膩峁嘺 III. 10. 24.

2b) See Rak峁�as: semi-divine beings;¹ different clans鈥擠eva谤腻办峁�a蝉补s like Nair峁泃as, Bh奴mi谤腻办峁�a蝉补s, Guhya谤腻办峁�a蝉补s Daitya谤腻办峁�a蝉补s like K膩pileyas; Another classification is d墨v膩caras (Yaj帽amukhas) (Y膩tudh膩na, Brahmadh膩na, and V膩rtta) and Ni艣膩caras (Paulastya, Nair峁泃a, 膧gastya, and Vi艣v膩m墨tra) who ruin the 艢r膩ddha, but worship Pit峁泂;² of sharp teeth, reside in Bhaumanarakam;³ sons of Y膩tudh膩na;⁴ description of their forms and features;⁵ mother, Svas膩;⁶ both D膩navas and Daityas live in P膩t膩la.⁷

• 1) Bh膩gavata-pur膩峁嘺 VI. 8. 24; Brahm膩峁囜笉a-pur膩峁嘺 II. 32. 1 and 2; 35. 191.
• 2) Ib. III. 7. 132167; 8. 60-65; 10. 111; 11. 81; IV. 1. 155; 2. 26; 20. 47; V膩yu-pur膩峁嘺 70. 54-7.
• 3) Matsya-pur膩峁嘺 39. 8-9.
• 4) V膩yu-pur膩峁嘺 69. 128.
• 5) Ib. 70. 54-63.
• 6) Vi峁ａ箛u-pur膩峁嘺 I. 21. 25.
• 7) Ib. II. 5-4.

2c) ety鈥�(see also Yak峁�a, Ni艣膩cara). When out of hunger the first created beings began to swallow water, the 搁腻办峁�a蝉补s tried to protect the waters; then the hairs of Praj膩pati stood on end with anger; out of this came snakes of all sorts;¹ occupy Vajraka hill.²

• 1) Brahm膩峁囜笉a-pur膩峁嘺 II. 8. 32; V膩yu-pur膩峁嘺 9. 30-5; Vi峁ａ箛u-pur膩峁嘺 I. 5. 43.
• 2) V膩yu-pur膩峁嘺 30. 90; 31. 12; 34. 55; 39. 36; 100. 159; 101. 3, 28.

: JatLand: List of Mahabharata people and places

搁补办峁�a蝉补 (啶班�曕�嵿し啶�) is a name mentioned in the 惭补丑腻产丑腻谤补迟补 (cf. I.59.7, I.65, I.60.7) and represents one of the many proper names used for people and places. Note: The 惭补丑腻产丑腻谤补迟补 (mentioning 搁补办峁�a蝉补) is a Sanskrit epic poem consisting of 100,000 艣濒辞办补蝉 (metrical verses) and is over 2000 years old.

context information

The Purana (啶�啷佮ぐ啶距��, pur膩峁嘺s) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India鈥檚 vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.

Jyotisha (astronomy and astrology)

Source: Wisdom Library: Brihat Samhita by Varahamihira

搁腻办峁�a蝉补 (啶班ぞ啶曕�嵿し啶�) refers to the forty-ninth of the sixty-year cycle of Jupiter, according to the B峁沨atsa峁僪it膩 (chapter 8), an encyclopedic Sanskrit work written by Var膩hamihira mainly focusing on the science of ancient Indian astronomy astronomy (Jyoti峁�a).鈥擜ccordingly, 鈥淭he first year of the next yuga sacred to Indr膩gni is known as Paridh膩vi; the remaining years are鈥擯ram膩din, 膧nanda, 搁腻办峁�a蝉补 and Anala. In the year Paridh膩vi the Madhyade艣a will suffer and the ruling princes will perish, there will be slight rain and fear from fire; in the year Pram膩di mankind will be disposed to be inactive; villagers will be at strife; red flowers and red seed will be destroyed. In the next year mankind will be happy. In the years 搁腻办峁�a蝉补 and Anala there will be deaths and decay in the land; in 搁腻办峁�a蝉补 again the summer crops will thrive and in Anala there will be fear from fire and much suffering in the land鈥�.

: The effect of Samvatsaras: Satvargas

搁腻办峁�a蝉补 (啶班ぞ啶曕�嵿し啶�) refers to the forty-ninth 蝉补峁僾补迟蝉补谤补 (鈥渏ovian year)鈥� in Vedic astrology.鈥擳he native whose birth occurs in the 鈥�samvatsara鈥� of 鈥�rakshasa鈥� is extremely cruel or malefic, doer of reprehensible or blameworthy deeds, quarrelsome, devoid of religion and thoughtfulness, cruel and also courageous.

According with Jataka Parijata, the person born in the year rakshasa (2035-2036 AD) will be sinful, indulge in vain talk, and will injure the virtuous.

context information

Jyotisha (啶溹�嵿く啷嬥い啶苦��, 箩测辞迟颈峁�a or jyotish) refers to 鈥榓stronomy鈥� or 鈥淰edic astrology鈥� and represents the fifth of the six Vedangas (additional sciences to be studied along with the Vedas). Jyotisha concerns itself with the study and prediction of the movements of celestial bodies, in order to calculate the auspicious time for rituals and ceremonies.

Ayurveda (science of life)

Rasashastra (Alchemy and Herbo-Mineral preparations)

Source: Wisdom Library: Rasa-艣膩stra

搁腻办峁�a蝉补 (啶班ぞ啶曕�嵿し啶�) or 搁腻办峁�a蝉补rasa is the name of an Ayurvedic recipe defined in the fourth volume of the Rasajalanidhi (chapter 4, 补箩墨谤峁嘺: indigestion). These remedies are classified as Iatrochemistry and form part of the ancient Indian science known as Rasa艣膩stra (medical alchemy). However, since it is an ayurveda treatment it should be taken with caution and in accordance with rules laid down in the texts.

Accordingly, when using such recipes (e.g., 谤腻办峁�a蝉补rasa): 鈥渢he minerals (uparasa), poisons (惫颈峁�a), and other drugs (except herbs), referred to as ingredients of medicines, are to be duly purified and incinerated, as the case may be, in accordance with the processes laid out in the texts.鈥� (see introduction to Iatro chemical medicines)

Veterinary Medicine (The study and treatment of Animals)

: archive.org: The Elephant Lore of the Hindus

搁腻办峁�a蝉补 (啶班ぞ啶曕�嵿し啶�) or 搁腻办峁�a蝉补sattva refers to the 鈥湼槟灏灬梗a蝉补-like character鈥� (of certain elephants), according to the 15th century 惭腻迟补峁単补濒墨濒腻 composed by N墨lak补峁囜弓ha in 263 Sanskrit verses, dealing with elephantology in ancient  India, focusing on the science of management and treatment of elephants.鈥擺Cf. chapter 8, 鈥渙n marks of character鈥漖: 鈥�6. Who has the odor of a crow, ape, ass, camel, or cat, or of urine, dung, or putrefaction, who slays (other) elephants, and is violent at night, who likes (to eat) sour things, meat, and blood, is undisciplined, and shows no gratitude, of refractory behavior, such a one is an ogre in character (谤腻办峁�a蝉补-sattva)鈥�.

context information

膧yurveda (啶嗋く啷佮ぐ啷嵿さ啷囙う, ayurveda) is a branch of Indian science dealing with medicine, herbalism, taxology, anatomy, surgery, alchemy and related topics. Traditional practice of 膧yurveda in ancient India dates back to at least the first millenium BC. Literature is commonly written in Sanskrit using various poetic metres.

Shaivism (Shaiva philosophy)

: SOAS University of London: Protective Rites in the Netra Tantra

搁腻办峁�a蝉补 (啶班ぞ啶曕�嵿し啶�) is mentioned in a list of afflictions (which does not arise in the place and time of the Mantravid), according to the Netratantra of K峁�ema谤腻箩补: a 艢aiva text from the 9th century in which 艢iva (Bhairava) teaches P膩rvat墨 topics such as metaphysics, cosmology, and soteriology.鈥擜ccordingly, [verse 19.129-133, while describing daily rituals]鈥斺�淸...] In whichever place and time the Mantravid lives, none [of the following] will arise near him: plagues, diseases, 办丑腻谤办丑辞诲补蝉, grahas, 艣腻办颈苍墨蝉 of various sorts, 测补办峁�as, 辫颈艣腻肠补s, 谤腻办峁�a蝉补s, seizers of children, 惫颈蝉辫丑辞峁璦蝉, vyantaras or asparas. Any of the poisons that exist, famine and eclipses, none will arise because of the Mantrin being there鈥�.

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Shaiva (啶多�堗��, 艣aiva) or Shaivism (艣aivism) represents a tradition of Hinduism worshiping Shiva as the supreme being. Closely related to Shaktism, Shaiva literature includes a range of scriptures, including Tantras, while the root of this tradition may be traced back to the ancient Vedas.

Shilpashastra (iconography)

: Shodhganga: Elements of Art and Architecture in the Trtiyakhanda of the Visnudharmottarapurana (shilpa)

搁腻办峁�a蝉补 (啶班ぞ啶曕�嵿し啶�) refers to a certain class of personalities which follows specific guidelines in the tradition of ancient Indian Painting (citra), according to the Vi峁ａ箛udharmottarapur膩峁嘺, an ancient Sanskrit text which (being encyclopedic in nature) deals with a variety of cultural topics such as arts, architecture, music, grammar and astronomy.鈥擨n the Vi峁ａ箛udharmottarapur膩峁嘺, the rules of Painting of different classes have been elaborately discussed. According to this work, the size of [e.g., 搁腻办峁�a蝉补], [...] in a picture should be equal to the size of 尘腻濒测补惫补 type of men. The picture of 搁腻办峁�a蝉补s should be very terrible looking because of their deformed eyes and stiff hair. The picture of the wives of Daityas, D膩navas, Yak峁�as and 搁腻办峁�a蝉补s should be very beautiful. Thus the Vi峁ａ箛udharmottarapur膩峁嘺 establishes the fact that even in the pictures; the people belonging to different class and profession [e.g., 搁腻办峁�a蝉补] were projected with specific attire so that general people can equate the picture with the practical character.

context information

Shilpashastra (啶多た啶侧�嵿お啶多ぞ啶膏�嵿い啷嵿ぐ, 艣ilpa艣膩stra) represents the ancient Indian science (shastra) of creative arts (shilpa) such as sculpture, iconography and painting. Closely related to Vastushastra (architecture), they often share the same literature.

General definition (in Hinduism)

: Apam Napat: Indian Mythology

Rakshasas are demons, who are forces of evil. They appear to be related to the Asuras, and the names might be used interchangably. It is also sometimes use to refer to persons who have unsavory traits, people who indulge in wanton destruction etc.

: WikiPedia: Hinduism

搁腻办峁�a蝉补岣� (啶班ぞ啷戉�曕�嵿し啶�): A rakshasa alternately, raksasa or rakshas is a demon or unrighteous spirit in Hinduism.

In Buddhism

Tibetan Buddhism (Vajrayana or tantric Buddhism)

Source: Wisdom Library: Tibetan Buddhism

1) 搁腻办峁�a蝉补 (啶班ぞ啶曕�嵿し啶�) refers to a group of deities mentioned as attending the teachings in the 6th century Ma帽ju艣r墨m奴lakalpa: one of the largest Kriy膩 Tantras devoted to Ma帽ju艣r墨 (the Bodhisattva of wisdom) representing an encyclopedia of knowledge primarily concerned with ritualistic elements in Buddhism. The teachings in this text originate from Ma帽ju艣r墨 and were taught to and by Buddha 艢膩kyamuni in the presence of a large audience (including the 搁腻办峁�a蝉补s).

2) 搁腻办峁�a蝉补 (啶班ぞ啶曕�嵿し啶�) is also the name of a R膩艣i (zodiac sign) mentioned as attending the teachings in the 6th century Ma帽ju艣r墨m奴lakalpa.

: academia.edu: The Structure and Meanings of the Heruka M补峁囜笉ala

搁腻办峁�a蝉补 (啶班ぞ啶曕�嵿し啶�) refers to one of the eight direction-guardians (诲颈办辫腻濒补) of the 骋耻峁嘺肠补办谤补, according to the 10th century 岣屇乲腻谤峁嘺惫补 chapter 15. Accordingly, the 驳耻峁嘺肠补办谤补 refers to one of the four divisions of the 蝉补丑补箩补-辫耻峁璦 (鈥榠nnate layer鈥�), situated within the padma (lotus) in the middle of the 贬别谤耻办补尘补峁囜笉补濒补. 搁腻办峁�a蝉补 is associated with the charnel grounds (艣尘补艣腻苍补) named Ghor膩ndhak膩ra; with the tree (惫峁沰峁�a) named Lat膩parka峁璱; with the serpent king (苍腻驳别苍诲谤补) named Kulika and with the cloud king (meghendra) named Var峁２贯箛a.

context information

Tibetan Buddhism includes schools such as Nyingma, Kadampa, Kagyu and Gelug. Their primary canon of literature is divided in two broad categories: The Kangyur, which consists of Buddha鈥檚 words, and the Tengyur, which includes commentaries from various sources. Esotericism and tantra techniques (惫补箩谤补测腻苍补) are collected indepently.

Mahayana (major branch of Buddhism)

Source: Wisdom Library: Maha Prajnaparamita Sastra

搁补办峁�a蝉补 (啶班�曕�嵿し啶�) refers to 鈥渙ne who is dreadful like a demon鈥�, according to Mah膩praj帽膩p膩ramit膩艣膩stra (chapter 21).鈥擜ccordingly, 鈥淭he immoral person is not respected (蝉补迟办峁泃补) by people; his house is like a cemetery into which people do not go; he loses all his virtues like a rotten tree that people despise; he is like a frozen lotus that gives people no pleasure to see; filled with evil thoughts, he is dreadful like a demon (谤补办峁�a蝉a); people do not turn to him, no more than a thirsty man goes to a poisoned well; his mind is always disturbed like a guilty man who always fears the approach of punishment; he is like a field (k峁�etra) covered with hailstones over which nobody can venture; [...] Even though he is called Bhik峁�u because he has a shaved head, the yellow robe and presents his 鈥榯icket鈥� in the proper order, in reality he is not a Bhik峁�u鈥�.

context information

Mahayana (啶�啶灌ぞ啶�啶距え, mah膩y膩na) is a major branch of Buddhism focusing on the path of a Bodhisattva (spiritual aspirants/ enlightened beings). Extant literature is vast and primarely composed in the Sanskrit language. There are many 蝉奴迟谤补蝉 of which some of the earliest are the various Praj帽膩p膩ramit膩 蝉奴迟谤补蝉.

General definition (in Buddhism)

Source: Wisdom Library: Buddhism

Rakshasa:鈥擜n evil demon with up to twenty heads and one thousand arms.

In Jainism

General definition (in Jainism)

Source: Wisdom Library: Jainism

1) 搁腻办峁�a蝉补 (啶班ぞ啶曕�嵿し啶�).鈥擳he 谤腻办峁�a蝉补 are a group of deities categorised as belonging to the vyantara class of Gods (devas). The vyantaras represent a class of Gods (devas) comprising eight groups of deities that wander about the three worlds (adhaloka, madhyaloka and 奴谤诲丑惫补濒辞办补).

2) 搁腻办峁�a蝉补 (啶班ぞ啶曕�嵿し啶�).鈥擮ne of the ten sub-types of gods (devas), according to Jain cosmology. The are also known by the name 膧tma谤补办峁�a, or 膧tma谤补办峁�aka. The occupation of the 谤腻办峁�a蝉补s is to act as bodyguards.

3) 搁腻办峁�a蝉补 (啶班ぞ啶曕�嵿し啶�) refers to a class of 辫颈艣腻肠补 deities according to the Digambara tradition of Jainism, while 艢vet膩mbara does not recognize this class. The 辫颈艣腻肠补s refer to a category of vyantaras gods which represents one of the four classes of celestial beings (devas).

The deities such as the 搁腻办峁�a蝉补s are defined in ancient Jain cosmological texts such as the Sa峁僩rah补峁嚹玶atna in the 艢vet膩mbara tradition or the Tiloyap补峁囜箛ati by Yativ峁涐梗abha (5th century) in the Digambara tradition.

: Google Books: Jaina Iconography

搁腻办峁�a蝉补 (啶班ぞ啶曕�嵿し啶�).鈥擜 class of vyantara gods;鈥擳hey are of seven classes according to the Tiloyap补峁囜箛atti:

1. 叠丑墨尘补,
2. 惭补丑腻产丑墨尘补,
3. 痴颈苍腻测补办补,
4. Udaka,
5. 搁腻办峁�a蝉补,
6. 搁腻办峁�a蝉补-谤腻办峁�a蝉补,
7. Brahma谤腻办峁�a蝉补.

All 搁腻办峁�a蝉补s are black. Their Indras are Bh墨ma and 惭补丑腻产丑墨尘补, having four chief queens each called Padm膩, Vasumitr膩, Ratn膩岣峢y膩 and K膩帽canaprabha. K补峁囜弓aka is the Caitya-tree of 搁腻办峁�a蝉补s.

The 艢vet膩mbaras also acknowledge seven classes, namely:

1. 叠丑墨尘补,
2. 惭补丑腻产丑墨尘补,
3. Vighna,
4. 痴颈苍腻测补办补,
5. Jala-谤腻办峁�a蝉补,
6. 搁腻办峁�a蝉补-谤腻办峁�a蝉补,
7. Brahma谤腻办峁�a蝉补.

Their Indras are Bh墨ma and Mah膩bh墨ma. The 搁腻办峁�a蝉补 are white, adorned with golden ornaments and having fierce appearances with long red lower lips. Their flags have the mark of 办丑补峁璿腻峁単补.

: Encyclopedia of Jainism: Tattvartha Sutra 4: The celestial beings (deva)

搁腻办峁�a蝉补 (啶班ぞ啶曕�嵿し啶�) refers to the 鈥渄emon鈥� class of 鈥減eripatetic celestial beings鈥� (vyantara), itself a category of devas (celestial beings), according to the 2nd-century Tattv膩rthas奴tra 4.10. Who are the lords amongst the demon (谤腻办峁�a蝉补) class of peripatetic (forest) celestial beings? Bh墨ma and Mah膩bh墨ma are the two lords in the demon class of peripatetic celestial beings.

: The University of Sydney: A study of the Twelve Reflections

搁腻办峁�a蝉补 (啶班ぞ啶曕�嵿し啶�) refers to 鈥渄emons鈥�, according to the 11th century J帽膩n膩r峁嘺va, a treatise on Jain Yoga in roughly 2200 Sanskrit verses composed by 艢ubhacandra.鈥擜ccordingly, 鈥淪nakes, fire, poison, tigers, elephants, lions, demons (谤腻办峁�a蝉补) and kings, etc. do not hurt those whose selves are settled in the doctrine. On the earth even the lord of the snakes with a thousand trembling mouths is not able to describe clearly the entire power of the doctrine鈥�.

context information

Jainism is an Indian religion of Dharma whose doctrine revolves around harmlessness (ahimsa) towards every living being. The two major branches (Digambara and Svetambara) of Jainism stimulate self-control (or, shramana, 鈥榮elf-reliance鈥�) and spiritual development through a path of peace for the soul to progess to the ultimate goal.

India history and geography

: Singhi Jain Series: Ratnaprabha-suri鈥檚 Kuvalayamala-katha (history)

1) 搁腻办峁�a蝉补 (啶班ぞ啶曕�嵿し啶�) refers to one of the various tribes of ancient India, commonly depicted as engaging in 艢补产补谤补惫颈诲测腻 cult practices and beliefs, as mentioned in the Kath膩s (narrative poems) such as Uddyotanas奴ri in his 8th-century Kuvalayam膩l膩 (a Prakrit Camp奴, similar to K膩vya poetry).鈥擳he special cult-practices and beliefs in Mantras amongst the tribes of Pulindas, K膩p膩likas, M膩ta峁単as, 搁腻办峁�a蝉补s, V膩naras on hill-tops and forests formed part of the 艢补产补谤补惫颈诲测腻. This was a cult involving occult practices like the muttering of 艣补产补谤补尘补苍迟谤补蝉 and uttering the same through the ear (133.5). [...]

2) 搁腻办峁�a蝉补 (啶班ぞ啶曕�嵿し啶�) refers to one of the deities being worshiped in ancient India, according to the Kuvalayam膩l膩.鈥擳he Kuvalayamala (779 A.D.) is full of cultural material which gains in value because of the firm date of its composition. [...] Page 256.31-2 ff.: Here is a mixed list of 25 gods and Godlings of all religions. These were worshipped and propitiated to obtain favours. The list includes [e.g., 搁腻办峁�a蝉补] [...].

: Academia: Ritual Period: A Comparative Study of Three Newar Buddhist Menarche Manuals

搁腻办峁�a蝉补 (啶班ぞ啶曕�嵿し啶�) refers to 鈥渄emons鈥�, according to the 鈥�V膩dh膩 bya峁� ke vidhi鈥�: the name of two manuscripts written by (1) Kathmandu-based priest, Badriratna Bajracharya and (2) Buddharatna Bajracharya from Lalitpur.鈥擝adriratna鈥檚 text pays the most attention to the invocations of celestial bodies and other cosmologically grouped agents. The list consists of [e.g., demons (谤腻办峁�a蝉补s)]. In this list, we particularly find the dark forces that are especially adept at causing problems for women, children and, more specifically, girl children, addressed and harnessed.

: Notices of Sanskrit Manuscripts, volume 3, part 1: Saduktikarnamrita

搁腻办峁�a蝉补 (啶班ぞ啶曕�嵿し啶�) is the name of a Poet mentioned in the 13th century Saduktikar峁嚹乵rita by 艢r墨dhara D膩sa (son of Va峁璾 D膩sa) who was a chief over several districts (called a 尘补丑腻尘补峁囜笉补濒颈办补).鈥擳he Sadukti-Karnamrita is a collection of miscellaneous verses by different authors and on various subjects, five verses being devoted to each subject. There are 446 poets identified (for example, 搁腻办峁�a蝉补) some of which in the feminine gender (intended for females) while others are of Buddhist monks etc.

context information

The history of India traces the identification of countries, villages, towns and other regions of India, as well as mythology, zoology, royal dynasties, rulers, tribes, local festivities and traditions and regional languages. Ancient India enjoyed religious freedom and encourages the path of Dharma, a concept common to Buddhism, Hinduism, and Jainism.

Languages of India and abroad

Marathi-English dictionary

: DDSA: The Molesworth Marathi and English Dictionary

谤腻办峁�a蝉补 (啶班ぞ啶曕�嵿し啶�).鈥攎 (S) A demon or fiend variously described; as a Titan or enemy of the gods in a human or superhuman form; as an attendant on Kubera and guardian of his treasures; as a fierce goblin or ogre haunting cemeteries, animating dead bodies &c. 2 Applied to any ferocious, monstrous, hideous, gluttonous, sleepyheaded man.

: DDSA: The Aryabhusan school dictionary, Marathi-English

谤腻办峁�a蝉补 (啶班ぞ啶曕�嵿し啶�).鈥�m A demon. A monstrous man.

context information

Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.

Sanskrit dictionary

: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary

搁腻办峁�a蝉补 (啶班ぞ啶曕�嵿し啶�).鈥�a. (-蝉墨 f.) [啶班�曕�嵿し啶� 啶囙う啶�啷� 啶呧ぃ啷� (谤补办峁�a蝉a idam 补峁�)] Belonging to or like an evil spirit, demoniacal, partaking of a demon's nature; 啶�啷佮え啶�啷� 啶班ぞ啶曕�嵿し啶膏��啶�啶距す啷佮ぐ啷嵿さ啶距�氞ぎ啷佮え啷嵿ぎ啶む�嵿い啶︵�冟お啷嵿い啶�啷嬥�� (munayo r膩k峁�a蝉墨m膩hurv膩camunmattad峁沺tayo岣�) Uttarar膩macarita 5.3; 啶むい啶膏�嵿い啶︵�嵿ぐ啶距�曕�嵿し啶膏�� 啶膏�堗え啷嵿く啶�啷� (tatastad谤腻办峁�a蝉补峁� sainyam) 搁腻尘.3.22.17; 啶班ぞ啶曕�嵿し啶膏��啶�啶距じ啷佮ぐ啷�啶� 啶氞�堗�� 啶�啷嵿ぐ啶曕�冟い啶苦�� 啶�啷嬥す啶苦え啷�啶� 啶多�嵿ぐ啶苦い啶距�� (r膩k峁�a蝉墨m膩sur墨峁� caiva prak峁泃i峁� mohin墨峁� 艣rit膩岣�) Bhagavadg墨t膩 (Bombay) 9.12.

-蝉补岣� 1 A demon, an evil spirit, a goblin, fiend, imp.

2) One of the eight forms of marriage in Hindu Law, in which a girl is forcibly seized and carried away after the defeat or destruction of her relatives in battle; 啶灌い啷嵿さ啶� 啶涏た啶む�嵿い啷嵿さ啶� 啶� 啶�啶苦い啷嵿い啷嵿さ啶� 啶� 啶曕�嵿ぐ啷嬥ざ啶ㄠ�嵿い啷�啶� 啶班�佮う啶む��啶� 啶椸�冟す啶距い啷� 啷� 啶�啷嵿ぐ啶膏す啷嵿�� 啶曕え啷嵿く啶距す啶班ぃ啶� 啶班ぞ啶曕�嵿し啶膏�� 啶掂た啶оた啶班�佮�氞�嵿く啶む�� (hatv膩 chittv膩 ca bhittv膩 ca kro艣ant墨峁� rudat墨峁� g峁沨膩t | prasahya kany膩har补峁嘺峁� r膩k峁�aso vidhirucyate) || Manusm峁泃i 3.33; 啶班ぞ啶曕�嵿し啶膏�� 啶�啷佮う啷嵿ぇ啶灌ぐ啶｀ぞ啶む�� (r膩k峁�aso yuddhahar补峁嚹乼) Y.1.61. (K峁涐梗峁嘺 carried away Rukmi峁嚹� in this manner.)

3) One of the astronomical Yogas.

4) Name of a minister of Nanda, an important character in the Mudr膩谤腻办峁�a蝉补.

5) A king of the 搁腻办峁�a蝉补s.

6) Name of the 3th Muh奴rta.

7) Name of a 啶膏�傕さ啶む�嵿じ啶� (蝉补峁僾补迟蝉补谤补).

-蝉墨 1 A female demon.

2) La峁卥膩 or Ceylon.

3) Night.

4) A larger tooth, tusk.

: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionary

搁腻办峁�a蝉补 (啶班ぞ啶曕�嵿し啶�).鈥攏ame of a n膩ga king: 惭补丑腻-惭腻测奴谤墨 247.7.

: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English Dictionary

搁腻办峁�a蝉补 (啶班ぞ啶曕�嵿し啶�).鈥攎fn.

(-蝉补岣�-蝉墨-蝉补峁�) Infernal, demoniacal. m.

(-蝉补岣�) An evil spirit, a demon, a vampire, a fiend, but who appears to be of various descriptions, and is either a powerful Titan or enemy of the gods in a superhuman or incarnate form, as Ravana and others; an attendant on Kuvera, and guardian of his treasures; or a mischievous and cruel goblin or ogre, haunting cemeteries, animating dead bodies, and devouring human beings. f. (-蝉墨) 1. A female fiend, the female of the preceding. 2. A large tooth, a tusk. 3. A sort of perfume, commonly Chor. n.

(-蝉补峁�) 1. A form of marriage, the violent seizure and rape of a girl after the repulse or destruction of her relatives. 2. Surgery, cure by the knife of cautery. E. 谤补办峁� to preserve, to be preserved, (from whom,) aff. asun, and 补峁� pleonasm added; or 谤补办峁�a蝉 a demon, and 补峁� aff. of reference.

: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Benfey Sanskrit-English Dictionary

搁腻办峁�a蝉补 (啶班ぞ啶曕�嵿し啶�).鈥攊. e. 谤补办峁�a蝉 + a, I. adj., f. 蝉墨. 1. Belonging to a 搁腻办峁�a蝉补, demoniacal, [R膩m膩y补峁嘺] 3, 48, 11; [Lassen, Anthologia Sanskritica.] 18, 3. 2. Infested by demons, [惭腻苍补惫补诲丑补谤尘补艣腻蝉迟谤补] 3, 280. 3. (see vidhi), A form of marriage, [惭腻苍补惫补诲丑补谤尘补艣腻蝉迟谤补] 3, 33. Ii. m. An evil spirit, [笔补帽肠补迟补苍迟谤补] 182, 22. Iii. f. 蝉墨, 1. A female demon, [贬颈岣峣尘产补惫补诲丑补] 2, 16. 2. A large tusk. 3. A sort of perfume.

: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Cappeller Sanskrit-English Dictionary

搁腻办峁�a蝉补 (啶班ぞ啶曕�嵿し啶�).鈥擺feminine] 墨 belonging to the Rak峁�as, demoniacal, [masculine] an evil demon, a Rak峁�as.

: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Aufrecht Catalogus Catalogorum

搁腻办峁�a蝉补 (啶班ぞ啶曕�嵿し啶�) as mentioned in Aufrecht鈥檚 Catalogus Catalogorum:鈥攑oet. [S奴ktikar峁嚹乵峁泃a by 艢r墨dharad膩sa] The stanza there given is in 艢p. p. 76 attributed to 搁腻办峁�a蝉补p补峁囜笉itau.

: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary

1) 搁腻办峁�a蝉补 (啶班ぞ啶曕�嵿し啶�):鈥攎f(墨)n. ([from] 谤补办峁�a蝉) belonging to or like a Rak峁�as, demoniacal, infested by demons, [Aitareya-br膩hm补峁嘺] etc. etc. (with 惫颈惫腻丑补, or dharma or vidhi m. 鈥榦ne of the 8 forms of marriage鈥�, the violent seizure or rape of a girl after the defeat or destruction of her relatives See, [Manu-sm峁泃i iii, 33])

2) m. a Rak峁�as or demon in general, an evil or malignant demon (the 搁腻办峁�a蝉补s are sometimes regarded as produced from Brahm膩鈥檚 foot, sometimes with R膩v补峁嘺 as descendants of Pulastya, elsewhere they are styled children of Khas膩 or Su-rasa; according to some they are distinguishable into 3 classes, one being of a semi-divine benevolent nature and ranking with Yak峁�as etc.; another corresponding to Titans or relentless enemies of the gods; and a third answering more to nocturnal demons, imps, fiends, goblins, going about at night, haunting cemeteries, disturbing sacrifices and even devouring human beings; this last class is the one most commonly mentioned; their chief place of abode was La峁卥膩 in Ceylon; in [R膩m膩y补峁嘺 v, 10, 17 etc.] they are fully described; cf. also, [Indian Wisdom, by Sir M. Monier-Williams 310; Religious Thought and Life in India 237]), [Kau艣ika-s奴tra; Upani峁�ad] etc.

3) a king of the Rak峁�as [gana] 辫补谤艣惫-腻诲颈

4) (with Jainas) one of the 8 classes of Vyantaras, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasi峁僪a, hal膩yudha, hemacandra, etc.]

5) Name of the 30th Muh奴rta, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasi峁僪a, hal膩yudha, hemacandra, etc.]

6) of one of the astronomical, [Yoga-s奴tra; Colebrooke]

7) of a minister of Nanda, [Mudr膩谤腻办峁�a蝉补]

8) of a poet, [Catalogue(s)] (cf. below)

9) m. n. the 49th year in the Jupiter cycle of 6o years, [Var膩ha-mihira鈥檚 B峁沨at-蝉补峁僪it膩]

: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Yates Sanskrit-English Dictionary

搁腻办峁�a蝉补 (啶班ぞ啶曕�嵿し啶�):鈥擺(sa岣�-蝉墨-蝉补峁�)] 1. m. An evil spirit. f. Idem; a tusk; a perfume. n. Rape; surgery. a. Demonical.

: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary (S)

搁补办峁�a蝉补 (啶班�曕�嵿し啶�) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit words: Rakkha, Rakkhasa.

[Sanskrit to German]

context information

Sanskrit, also spelled 啶膏�傕じ啷嵿�曕�冟い啶�啷� (蝉补峁僺办峁泃补尘), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.

Hindi dictionary

: DDSA: A practical Hindi-English dictionary

搁腻办峁�a蝉补 (啶班ぞ啶曕�嵿し啶�) [Also spelled rakshas]:鈥�(nm) a demon, monster; (a) ruthless, demonic; ~[谤腻箩补] the king of demons; -[惫颈惫腻丑补] one of the various types of marriages, referred to in ancient Indian literature, wherein the groom fought his way to the bride鈥檚 hand.

context information

...

Kannada-English dictionary

: Alar: Kannada-English corpus

搁腻办峁�a蝉补 (嗖班簿嗖曕硩嗖粪哺):鈥�

1) [adjective] of or relating to demons, giants.

2) [adjective] very big; huge; colossal; enormous; immense.

3) [adjective] fierce; savage; violently cruel; ferocious.

--- OR ---

搁腻办峁�a蝉补 (嗖班簿嗖曕硩嗖粪哺):鈥�

1) [noun] a member of a race of huge beings of human form who war with the gods; a giant; a demon; a devil; an evil spirit.

2) [noun] (fig.) an extremely cruel, wicked man.

3) [noun] Nai峁泃i, the regent of south-west direction.

4) [noun] one of the ways of marriage, in which the bride is taken by force, sometimes by defeating her parents in a fight.

5) [noun] the fiftieth year in the cycle of the Hindu cycle of sixty years.

6) [noun] the aloe plant Agave americana of Agavaceae family; hill aloe; demon aloe.

context information

Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.

Nepali dictionary

: unoes: Nepali-English Dictionary

搁腻办峁�a蝉补 (啶班ぞ啶曕�嵿し啶�):鈥攏. 1. giant; monster; demon; 2. wild and evil race; akin to the Asuras; adj. cruel; evil; wicked;

context information

Nepali is the primary language of the Nepalese people counting almost 20 million native speakers. The country of Nepal is situated in the Himalaya mountain range to the north of India.

See also (Relevant definitions)

Partial matches: The, The, Te, Rakshasa.

Starts with (+11): Rakshasa baale, Rakshasa-raa, Rakshasabale, Rakshasabhedi, Rakshasacikiccai, Rakshasadhipati, Rakshasadvipa, Rakshasagana, Rakshasaghna, Rakshasagraha, Rakshasakanam, Rakshasakavya, Rakshasalaya, Rakshasalinga, Rakshasaloka, Rakshasamantra, Rakshasamauna, Rakshasamshake, Rakshasanugata, Rakshasarakshasa.

Full-text (+1198): Brahmarakshasa, Mudrarakshasa, Rakshasendra, Manusharakshasa, Rakshasagraha, Rakshasata, Arakshasa, Asurarakshasa, Ripurakshasa, Kavyarakshasa, Rakshasakavya, Bhrigurakshasa, Rakshasabale, Rajarakshasa, Kirmira, Sadevasurarakshasa, Rakshasavela, Hidimba, Atikaya, Rakshasatva.

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Search found 259 books and stories containing Rakshasa, 搁腻办峁�a蝉补, 搁补办峁�a蝉补, Raksasa, Raksasas, The rakshasa; (plurals include: Rakshasas, 搁腻办峁�a蝉补s, 搁补办峁�a蝉补s, Raksasas, Raksasases, The rakshasas). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:

Garga Samhita (English) (by Danavir Goswami)

Verse 3.10.4 < [Chapter 10 - The Glory of 艢r墨 Giri谤腻箩补]

Verse 2.8.21 < [Chapter 8 - Description of Seeing Lord K峁涐梗峁嘺]

Verse 3.10.7 < [Chapter 10 - The Glory of 艢r墨 Giri谤腻箩补]

+ 2 more chapters / show preview

Ramayana of Valmiki (Shastri) (by Hari Prasad Shastri)

Chapter 27 - The Fight between the Gods and the Rakshasas < [Book 7 - Uttara-kanda]

Chapter 19 - Ravana fights with Anaranya < [Book 7 - Uttara-kanda]

Chapter 8 - The Combat between Vishnu and Malyavan < [Book 7 - Uttara-kanda]

+ 87 more chapters / show preview

Village Folk-tales of Ceylon (Sri Lanka), vol. 1-3 (by Henry Parker)

Story 218 - The Four Rakshasas < [Part III (a) - Stories of the Lower Castes]

Story 48 - The Seven Princesses < [Part II (b) - Stories of the Tom-tom Beaters]

Story 20 - The Prince Who Did Not Go To School < [Part I - Stories told by the Cultivating Caste and Vaeddas]

+ 38 more chapters / show preview

Mahabharata (English) (by Kisari Mohan Ganguli)

Section CLXXVII < [Ghatotkacha-badha Parva]

Section CCLXXXV < [Draupadi-harana Parva]

Section XCII < [Bhagavat-Gita Parva]

+ 376 more chapters / show preview

Rig Veda (translation and commentary) (by H. H. Wilson)

Rig Veda 9.104.6 < [Sukta 104]

Rig Veda 9.86.48 < [Sukta 86]

Rig Veda 2.23.14 < [Sukta 23]

+ 154 more chapters / show preview

Mahabharata (abridged)

Chapter 13 - Hidimba Slain < [Adi Parva]

Chapter 1 - The First Days of Exile < [Vana Parva]

Chapter 4 - Bhima Meets Hanuman and Kills Jatasura < [Vana Parva]

+ 23 more chapters / show preview

 

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