HbA1C test's role in prediabetes and Purvarupavastha of Prameha
Journal name: Ayushdhara
Original article title: The importance of HbA1C test in prediabetes with special reference to Purvarupavastha of Prameha-A literary review
AYUSHDHARA is an international peer-reviewed journal. It focuses on research in Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha, Homeopathy, Allopathy, and Pharmaceutical Sciences.
This page presents a generated summary with additional references; See source (below) for actual content.
Original source:
This page is merely a summary which is automatically generated hence you should visit the source to read the original article which includes the author, publication date, notes and references.
Archana R.Gharge
Ph.D. Scholar, Professor & HOD, Dept. of Rognidan & Vikruti Vigyan, Y.M.T. Ayurvedic Medical College & Hospital, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
Rajiv Mundane
Professor, HOD, Dept. of Rognidan and Vikriti Vigyan & Dean, D.M.M.Ayurvedic Mahavidyalaya, Yavatmal, Maharashtra, India.
Ayushdhara:
(A peer-reviewed, bi-monthly open-access journal)
Full text available for: The importance of HbA1C test in prediabetes with special reference to Purvarupavastha of Prameha-A literary review
Year: 2021 | Doi: 10.47070/ayushdhara.v8i5.818
Copyright (license): CC BY-NC-SA 4.0
Download the PDF file of the original publication
Summary of article contents:
Introduction
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, utilization, or both. Prediabetes is defined as a state in which blood glucose levels are higher than normal but do not reach the threshold for diabetes, making its early diagnosis crucial to prevent progression to Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). The American Diabetes Association (ADA) and World Health Organization (WHO) have established various criteria to diagnose prediabetes, including laboratory tests such as fasting glucose levels and the HbA1c test. The significance of recognizing prediabetes symptoms—particularly their alignment with Ayurvedic concepts of Purvarupavastha and Prameha—is emphasized as a means to effectively manage and potentially reverse the disease's trajectory.
The Role of Purvarupa in Early Detection of Prediabetes
Purvarupas, or prodromal symptoms, in Ayurvedic medicine are critical indicators of impending diseases, enabling timely intervention before full-blown conditions manifest. This review collected data from various Ayurvedic texts, including Charak Samhita and Sushruta Samhita, to highlight the Purvarupavastha of Prameha, which encompasses early signs of metabolic disturbances congruent with prediabetes. Such symptoms include excessive thirst, frequent urination, and fatigue—features that correspond to modern descriptions of prediabetes. Recognizing these early symptoms in clinical practice not only aids in diagnosis but serves as a preventive measure against the development of diabetes by facilitating timely lifestyle adjustments and interventions.
Diagnostic Value of the HbA1c Test
The HbA1c test is a key laboratory tool in diagnosing prediabetes and monitoring glucose levels over the past three months. The test measures the average blood glucose concentration by assessing the percentage of glycated hemoglobin, providing a reliable indicator of long-term glucose control. According to established guidelines, an HbA1c level between 5.7% and 6.4% is indicative of prediabetes, while levels of 6.5% or higher signal diabetes. This test's advantage lies in its convenience, as it does not require fasting and has higher reproducibility compared to other glucose testing methods. The incorporation of the HbA1c test into regular screening protocols is vital to establishing effective preventive care for at-risk individuals.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the increasing prevalence of diabetes necessitates a proactive approach to identify prediabetes early and mitigate the risk of progression to Type 2 diabetes. Utilizing the Ayurvedic perspective of Purvarupa alongside modern diagnostic criteria, such as the HbA1c test, facilitates a comprehensive understanding of prediabetes. Early recognition of prodromal symptoms and adopting lifestyle changes can significantly improve patient outcomes, ultimately aiding in reducing the growing epidemic of diabetes globally. Therefore, integrating traditional Ayurvedic methods with contemporary medical practices may enhance early detection and promote holistic health in populations at risk.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is the significance of the HbA1c test in prediabetes?
The HbA1c test is crucial for diagnosing prediabetes, as it reflects average blood glucose levels over the past three months. It aids in identifying individuals at risk of developing type 2 diabetes and is more convenient than fasting tests.
What are the prodromal symptoms of Prameha in Ayurveda?
Prodromal symptoms of Prameha, or prediabetes, include excessive thirst, frequent urination, fatigue, and increased hunger. These symptoms indicate the early stages of diabetes mellitus and can help in timely diagnosis and intervention.
How can lifestyle affect the progression to diabetes?
Unhealthy diets, physical inactivity, and obesity contribute significantly to insulin resistance, increasing the risk of prediabetes developing into type 2 diabetes. Adopting a healthier lifestyle can help prevent this progression.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “HbA1C test's role in prediabetes and Purvarupavastha of Prameha�. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Prameha:
Prameha refers to a group of diseases described in Ayurveda characterized by excessive urination and other symptoms. It is considered an early stage of diabetes and includes various types based on the involvement of doshas. It is important for understanding the prodromal symptoms and early diagnosis of diabetes.
2) Blood:
Blood tests are crucial for diagnosing diabetes and prediabetes. Parameters like fasting plasma glucose (FPG), two-hour glucose tolerance test, and HbA1C levels help in identifying blood sugar levels. Blood analysis thus plays a significant role in monitoring and managing diabetes.
3) Purvarupa (Purva-rupa):
Purvarupa are the prodromal symptoms that appear before the full manifestation of a disease. In the context of Prameha (diabetes), these symptoms serve as early indicators, helping in preventive measures to reduce the risk of full disease development. They include subtle signs like excessive thirst and hunger.
4) Samhita:
Samhitas like Charaka Samhita and Sushruta Samhita are classical Ayurvedic texts that provide detailed descriptions of diseases, their symptoms, and treatments. They include comprehensive information on Purvarupa (prodromal symptoms) and Prameha (diabetes), aiding in the early diagnosis and management of conditions.
5) Disease:
Disease refers to any pathological condition affecting the body. Prameha (a type of diabetes) is one example, described extensively in Ayurveda. Understanding the early symptoms and stages of diseases, like through Purvarupa, helps in timely intervention and treatment.
6) Ayurveda (Ayus-veda):
Ayurveda is an ancient Indian system of medicine that uses a holistic approach to health, emphasizing the balance of bodily doshas. It includes detailed descriptions of diseases like Prameha, their symptoms, and treatments, helping in early diagnosis and preventive care.
7) India:
India is notable for its high prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes. As the 'diabetes capital of the world,' India faces a public health challenge. Ayurveda, with its rich heritage and methodologies, plays a significant role in managing and understanding these conditions in India.
8) Sugar:
Blood sugar levels are pivotal in diagnosing diabetes and prediabetes. Tests like fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and HbA1C determine sugar levels in the blood, helping to monitor and manage hyperglycemia, a hallmark of diabetes.
9) Thirst:
Increased thirst is a symptom of diabetes and prediabetes. Ayurvedic texts describe it as a Purvarupa (prodromal symptom) indicating an imbalance in blood sugar levels. Recognizing this early can help in timely diagnosis and management of the disease.
10) Avastha:
Avastha in Ayurveda refers to the stages of disease. Purvarupavastha, the early stage before the disease fully manifests, includes mild symptoms indicating the onset of a condition like Prameha (diabetes). Understanding avastha helps in early diagnosis and intervention.
11) Vyadhin (Vyadhi):
Vyadhi is the term for disease in Ayurveda. Each Vyadhi has its own set of Purvarupa (prodromal symptoms) and pathogenesis (Samprapti). For instance, Prameha is a type of Vyadhi characterized by excessive urination and other symptoms. Early identification is crucial for treatment.
12) Family:
Family history is a significant risk factor for developing prediabetes and diabetes. Genetic predisposition and lifestyle habits inherited within families contribute to the likelihood of these conditions. Recognizing this helps in early screening and preventive measures.
13) Desire:
Desire, such as Shayya sukherati (desire to sleep) and Asana sukherati (desire to sit), are prodromal symptoms described in Ayurvedic texts for conditions like Prameha (diabetes). These desires indicate early stages of metabolic disturbances and help in early diagnosis.
14) Dosha (Dosa):
Doshas are fundamental bio-energies in Ayurveda that govern bodily functions. An imbalance in doshas is linked to various diseases, including Prameha (diabetes). Understanding dosha involvement aids in diagnosing and treating conditions based on individual constitution.
15) Vishra (Visra):
Visra refers to the foul or fishy smell, often mentioned in the context of symptoms like Visra sharirgandha (body smelling like fish) in Ayurvedic texts. Such symptoms are part of Purvarupa (prodromal symptoms) indicating metabolic disorders like Prameha.
16) Pada:
Pada, or feet, are often mentioned in the context of symptoms in Ayurveda. For example, Kara-pada daha (burning sensation of palms and soles) is a Purvarupa (prodromal symptom) that can indicate the early stages of Prameha (diabetes).
17) Beta:
Beta cells in the pancreas are responsible for producing insulin. Dysfunction or decreased efficiency of these cells leads to conditions like prediabetes and eventually type 2 diabetes. Understanding beta cell function is crucial for diagnosing and managing these metabolic disorders.
18) Food:
Food and diet play a significant role in managing and preventing diseases like diabetes. Ayurvedic texts emphasize the importance of a balanced diet to maintain dosha balance and prevent metabolic disorders like Prameha.
19) Diet:
Diet is crucial in the prevention and management of prediabetes and diabetes. Unhealthy diets high in sugar and carbohydrates contribute to metabolic imbalances, leading to conditions like Prameha. Ayurveda also stresses the importance of diet in maintaining health.
20) Inflammation:
Inflammation can contribute to insulin resistance and the development of prediabetes. Chronic inflammation is linked to many metabolic issues and is a risk factor for progressing to diabetes. Managing inflammation through diet and lifestyle is essential in preventive care.
21) Maharashtra (Maharastra, Maha-rashtra):
Maharashtra is an Indian state where researchers like Archana R. Gharge and Rajiv Mundane are studying the relevance of Ayurvedic practices in modern medicine, particularly for diagnosing and managing conditions like prediabetes and Prameha.
22) Samprapti:
Samprapti refers to the pathogenesis or development of a disease in Ayurveda. Understanding Samprapti aids in diagnosing the stages and symptoms of diseases like Prameha (diabetes), helping in early intervention through Purvarupa (prodromal symptoms).
23) Knowledge:
Knowledge of both Ayurvedic and modern medical texts is crucial for early diagnosis and comprehensive treatment of diseases like diabetes. Integrating traditional Purvarupa (prodromal symptoms) with modern diagnostic tests like HbA1C enhances disease management.
24) Asadhya:
Asadhya refers to diseases that are difficult or impossible to cure. In Ayurveda, certain types of Prameha, like Vataj Prameha, are considered Asadhya if not treated in early stages, emphasizing the importance of early diagnosis and intervention.
25) Suptata (Supta-ta):
Suptata refers to numbness, mentioned as a symptom in Ayurveda. For example, Kara-pada suptata (numbness of palms and soles) is described as a Purvarupa (prodromal symptom) indicating early stages of Prameha (diabetes).
26) Harita:
Harita Samhita is one of the classical Ayurvedic texts. Although it describes Prameha and its treatment, it does not elaborate on the Purvarupa avastha (prodromal stage) of Prameha, unlike other samhitas.
27) Tandra (Tamdra):
Tandra, or drowsiness, is a symptom noted in Ayurveda. It is described as a Purvarupa (prodromal symptom) for Prameha (diabetes), indicating early metabolic imbalances and the need for timely intervention.
28) Pipasa:
Pipasa, or excessive thirst, is a key Purvarupa (prodromal symptom) for Prameha (diabetes) described in Ayurvedic texts. It indicates early metabolic disturbances and the onset of diabetes, aiding in early diagnosis and preventive care.
29) Mutra:
Mutra refers to urine. Symptoms like Prabhutmutrata (excessive urination) and Madhur mutrata (sweet urine) are critical Purvarupa (prodromal symptoms) for diagnosing Prameha (diabetes) in Ayurveda.
30) Bhava:
Bhava Prakash is one of the Laghutrayee texts in Ayurveda. It provides descriptions of diseases, including Prameha, and their Purvarupa (prodromal symptoms), aiding in early diagnosis and management.
31) Kesa (Kesha):
Kesha refers to hair. Symptoms like excessive hair growth (Kesha ativriddhi) are noted as Purvarupa (prodromal symptoms) for Prameha (diabetes) in Ayurvedic texts, indicating early metabolic imbalances.
32) Kara:
Kara, meaning hands or palms, is often mentioned in context of symptoms in Ayurveda. For example, Kara-pada daha (burning sensation of palms and soles) is a Purvarupa (prodromal symptom) of Prameha (diabetes).
33) Kaya:
Kaya refers to the body. Symptoms like body coating (Kayachidropadeham) and heaviness (Ghana angata) are described as Purvarupa (prodromal symptoms) for Prameha (diabetes) in Ayurvedic texts.
34) Anga (Amga):
Anga means body parts in Ayurveda. Symptoms like Anga shaithilya (lack of firmness) and Anga sada (body fatigue) are noted as Purvarupa (prodromal symptoms) for Prameha (diabetes).
35) Mala:
Mala refers to waste products in the body, such as stool and urine. Symptoms like Mala kaya (coating of the body) are mentioned as Purvarupa (prodromal symptoms) for Prameha (diabetes) in Ayurvedic texts.
36) Daha:
Daha, or burning sensation, is a common symptom. For Prameha (diabetes), symptoms like Kara-pada daha (burning sensation of palms and soles) are noted as Purvarupa (prodromal symptoms).
37) Hair:
Hair-related symptoms, such as excessive growth or matting, are Purvarupa (prodromal symptoms) for Prameha (diabetes) in Ayurveda. These signs indicate early metabolic imbalances and the onset of diabetes.
38) Fish:
Fishy smell, referred to as Visra, is a symptom in Ayurveda. Conditions like Visra sharirgandha (body smelling like fish) are described as Purvarupa (prodromal symptoms) for Prameha (diabetes).
39) Burning sensation:
Burning sensation, such as in the palms and soles (Kara-pada daha), is a Purvarupa (prodromal symptom) in Ayurveda for diagnosing early stages of Prameha (diabetes).
40) Common People (Common Folk):
Raising awareness about prediabetes and its early signs among common people is essential. Early detection and understanding of symptoms like Purvarupa can help in timely intervention and prevention of diabetes.
41) Sushruta-samhita (Susruta-samhita):
Sushruta Samhita is one of the Brihattrayi texts in Ayurveda. It includes detailed descriptions of diseases, including Prameha, and their Purvarupa (prodromal symptoms), aiding in early diagnosis and management.
42) Angashaithilya (Angasaithilya, Anga-shaithilya):
Anga-shaithilya, meaning lack of firmness in body parts, is described as a Purvarupa (prodromal symptom) for Prameha (diabetes) in Ayurvedic texts. It indicates early metabolic imbalances.
43) Mukhashosha (Mukhasosa, Mukha-shosha):
Mukhashosha, or dryness of the mouth, is a symptom noted in Ayurvedic texts. It is considered a Purvarupa (prodromal symptom) indicating early stages of Prameha (diabetes).
44) Netropadeha (Netra-upadeha):
Netropadeha, or the feeling of coating over the eyes, is a Purvarupa (prodromal symptom) described in Ayurveda for conditions like Prameha (diabetes).
45) Shaithilya (Saithilya):
Shaithilya refers to lack of firmness or looseness. It is noted in symptoms like Anga shaithilya (lack of firmness in body parts) as a Purvarupa (prodromal symptom) for Prameha (diabetes) in Ayurveda.
46) Discussion:
Discussion in a medical context involves analyzing symptoms, tests, and treatments. This article discusses the relevance of HbA1C and Purvarupa (prodromal symptoms) for early diagnosis of prediabetes and Prameha (diabetes).
47) Angasada (Anga-sada):
Anga-sada, meaning body fatigue, is described as a Purvarupa (prodromal symptom) for Prameha (diabetes) in Ayurvedic texts, indicating an early stage of metabolic imbalance.
48) Lakshana (Laksana):
Lakshana refers to symptoms or signs. In Ayurveda, identifying Purvarupa lakshanas (prodromal symptoms) helps in early diagnosis and treatment of diseases like Prameha (diabetes).
49) Madhurya:
Madhurya, or sweetness, in Ayurveda is noted in symptoms like Asya madhurya (sweetness in mouth). It is a Purvarupa (prodromal symptom) indicating early stages of Prameha (diabetes).
50) Yavatmal:
Yavatmal is a district in Maharashtra, India, where researchers like Rajiv Mundane work on integrating Ayurvedic practices with modern medicine for early diagnosis and management of conditions like prediabetes.
51) Medicine:
Ayurvedic medicine encompasses various classical texts and treatments aimed at diagnosing and managing diseases. Modern medicine involves diagnostic tests like HbA1C to complement Ayurvedic Purvarupa (prodromal symptoms) for comprehensive care.
52) Shatpada (Satpada, Shash-pada):
Shatpada refers to ants in the context of Ayurvedic symptoms. Symptoms like attraction of ants to urine (Shatpada visruta mutrena) are noted as Purvarupa (prodromal symptoms) for Prameha (diabetes).
53) Epidemic:
Diabetes is considered an epidemic, especially in countries like India. Early diagnosis through Purvarupa (prodromal symptoms) and tests like HbA1C is crucial to managing and preventing this widespread disease.
54) Samgraha (Sangraha):
Ashtang Sangraha is one of the classical Ayurvedic texts. It includes descriptions of diseases, including Prameha, and their Purvarupa (prodromal symptoms), aiding in early diagnosis and management.
55) Sweating (Sweat):
Sweating, especially excessive sweating (Sweda), is a symptom described as a Purvarupa (prodromal symptom) for Prameha (diabetes) in Ayurvedic texts. It indicates early metabolic imbalances.
56) Kaphaja:
Kaphaja refers to conditions caused by an imbalance in the Kapha dosha. In Ayurveda, certain types of Prameha are classified as Kaphaja, which are considered easier to treat in the early stages.
57) Vikriti (Vikrti):
Vikriti refers to the pathological state. Conditions like Prameha are considered Vikriti resulting from dosha imbalances. Early detection through Purvarupa (prodromal symptoms) helps in managing these states effectively.
58) Shvasa (Svasa, Svasha):
Shvasa means breath or breathing difficulties. Symptoms like Shvasa dourgandya (foul-smelling breath) are noted as Purvarupa (prodromal symptoms) for Prameha (diabetes) in Ayurvedic texts.
59) Alasya:
Alasya, or laziness, is a symptom described in Ayurveda. It is noted as a Purvarupa (prodromal symptom) for Prameha (diabetes), indicating early metabolic imbalances and the need for intervention.
60) Shukla (Sukla):
Shukla refers to white. In Ayurveda, Shukla mutrata (white-colored urine) is a symptom described as a Purvarupa (prodromal symptom) for conditions like Prameha, indicating metabolic disturbances.
61) Shayya (Sayya):
Shayya refers to bed. Shayya sukherati (desire to sleep) is a Purvarupa (prodromal symptom) noted in Ayurvedic texts for diagnosing early stages of Prameha (diabetes).
[Note: The above list is limited to 75. Total glossary definitions available: 76]
Other Science Concepts:
Discover the significance of concepts within the article: �HbA1C test's role in prediabetes and Purvarupavastha of Prameha�. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:
Pathogenesis, Diabetes mellitus, Sedentary lifestyle, World Health Organization, Complications of diabetes, Prediabetes, Kaphaja Prameha, Vataj prameha, Impaired glucose tolerance, American Diabetes Association, Lifestyle change, Nidanpanchak, Impaired fasting glucose, Diagnostic test, Glycated Hemoglobin.