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The word cakra is Sanskrit and signifies a wheel. It is also used in various subsidiary derivative and symbolical senses, just as its English equivalent, as we might speaks of the wheel of fate. According to Tantrayoga, there are six nerve centres (cakra) distributed in various parts of the body in addition to the centre in the brain known as 蝉补丑补蝉谤腻谤补. There are three 苍腻岣峣蝉 known as 颈岣嵞�, 辫颈峁単补濒腻 and 蝉耻峁�u尘苍腻 which connect these cakras to the brain. They can be correated with the spinal cord (蝉耻峁�u尘苍腻) in the centre with the sympathetic chains on either side (颈岣嵞�-left sympathetic chain and 辫颈峁単补濒腻) the right sympathetic chain. The six cakras can be correlated with the six autonomic pleasures of nerves, namely lower hypogastric plexus for 尘奴濒腻诲丑腻谤补 cakra, upper hypogastric plexus for 蝉惫腻诲丑颈峁ａ弓丑腻苍补 cakra, cocliac plexus for 尘补峁噄辫耻谤补 cakra, cardiopulmonary plexus for 补苍腻丑补迟补 cakra, cervical plexus for vi艣udha cakra and hypothalomo-hypophysical system for 腻箩帽腻 cakra. In modern Anatomy these plexuses are not given that much importance, though from the point of view of the function of the organs and viscera, these nerves play an important rate in regulating the activities of the whole body. The cerebral centex or 蝉补丑补蝉谤腻谤补 influences the function of these vital organs through the autonomic nerve connections.

The invisible part of the physical body is of great importance to us, for it is the vehicle through which flow, the streams of vitality which keep the body is one of perpetual change, and in order that it shall live it, needs constantly to be supplied from three distinct sources. It must have food for its digestion, air for its breathing and vitality in three forms for its absorption. This vitality is essentially a force, but when clothed with matter it appears a highly refined chemical element.^[1]

It is well known that each of these plexuses is fully represented by sympathetic and parasympathetic components. Further, these plexuses send their nerve connections to various organs which act both as sensory and motor nerves. Through these nerves the functions of the organs and viscera are fully regulated on the sensory side. From the plexuses the nerves reach the sympathetic ganglia (颈岣嵞� and 辫颈峁単补濒腻) from where the sensations reach the spinal cord, (蝉耻峁�u尘苍腻). Hence there occurs a local reflex action and also a central action after the sensory input reaches the brain. The local reflex are in the corresponding spinal cord level along with nerve plexuses and the organs concerned can be treated as on cakra. The Tantra experts have enumerated six cakras with 蝉补丑补蝉谤腻谤补 (cerebral cortox) as the seventh centre of activity.

The Centres (Cakras):

The term is applied to the basic seven psychic centres outlined in Yoga. Cakras or force-centres are points of connection at which energy flows from one vehicle or body of a man to another. Cakra implies a vortex and thus we may define a psychic centre a 鈥渨hirling vortex of psychic energy at the conjunction points of the mind and the body: When quite undeveloped they appear as small circles about two inches in diameter, glowing dully in the ordinary man; but when awakened and virified they are seen as blazing coruscating whirpools, much increased in size and resembling miniature suns. If we imagine ourselves to be looking straight down into the bell of a flower of the convolvulus type, we shall get some idea of the general appearance of a cakra. In order to understand that, we must know something of the constitution and arrangement of this etheric part of our bodies.

Cakras are in the li峁単a 艣补谤墨谤补 (astral body). 尝颈峁単补 艣补谤墨谤补 is of 17 tattvas, viz., 5, 箩帽腻苍别苍诲谤颈测补蝉 (ears, skin, eyes, tongue and nose); 5, karmendriyas (speech, hands, legs, genitals, a峁噓s); 5 辫谤腻峁嘺蝉 (辫谤补峁嘺, 补辫腻苍补, 惫测腻苍补, 耻诲腻苍补, 蝉补尘腻苍补); 尘腻苍补蝉 (mind); and buddhi (intellect). These have corresponding centres in the spinal cord and the nerve plexuses in the gross body. Each cakra has control and function oven a particular centre in gross body. These can not be seen by the naked eyes. These can not be seen by the naked eyes. Some foolish doctors search for the cakras in the physical body. They can not find them there. Since they can not find any cakra in a dead body, they lose faith on 艣腻蝉迟谤补 and yogic 办谤颈测腻蝉.

厂耻办峁�m补 辫谤腻峁嘺 moves in the nervous system of the li峁単a 艣补谤墨谤补 (astral body). Sthula 辫谤腻峁嘺 moves in the nervous system of the gross physical body. The two courses are intimately connected. They act and reach upon each other. The cakras are in the astral body even after the disintegration of the physical organism to death. According to a school of thought, the cakras are formed during concentration and meditation only. This is not possible. The cakras should exist there in a subtle state, the gross matter is the result of the subtle matter. Without the subtle body, the gross body is impossible. The meaning of this sentence should be taken to be that one can feel and understand the suk峁�ma cakras during concentration and meditation only.

The Force Centres [Table-6]

English name	Sanskrit name	Situation
Root or basic cakra	尘奴濒腻诲丑腻谤补	at the base of the spine
Slpleen or splenic cakra	蝉惫腻诲丑颈峁ａ弓丑腻苍补	Over the spleen
Naval or umbilical cakra	尘补峁噄辫奴谤补	at the naval, over the solar plexus
Heart or umbilical cakra	补苍腻丑补迟补	over the heart
Heart or cardiac cakra	惫颈艣耻诲诲丑补	at the front of the throat
Brow or forontal cakra	腻箩帽腻	in the space between the eyebrows
Crown or coronal cakra	蝉补丑补蝉谤腻谤补	on the top of the head.[2]

Petals on Cakras:

Each cakra has a particular number of petals with a Sanskrit alphabet on each petal. The vibration that is produced at each petal is represented by the corresponding Sanskrit letter. Every letter denotes the mantra of Devi 办耻峁囜笉补濒颈苍墨. The letters exist in the petals in a latent form. These can be manifested and the vibrations of the 苍腻岣峣蝉 felt during concentration.

The number of petals of the lotuses varies. Mul膩dh膩ra, 蝉惫腻诲丑颈峁ａ弓丑腻苍补, 尘补峁噄辫耻谤补, 补苍腻丑补迟补, 惫颈艣耻诲诲丑补, and 腻箩帽腻 cakra have 4, 6,10, 12 and 2 petals. The number of petals in each cakra is determined by the number and position of the Yoga 苍腻岣峣蝉 around the cakra. From each cakra gives the appearance of a lotus with the 苍腻岣峣蝉 crop up. The cakra gives the appearance of a lotus with the 苍腻岣峣蝉 as its petals. The sound produced by the vibrations of the Yoga 苍腻岣峣蝉 is represented by the corresponding Sanskrit letter. The cakras with their petals hand downwards when 办耻峁囜笉补濒颈苍墨 is at the 尘奴濒腻诲丑腻谤补 cakra.

When it is awakened, they turn towards brahmarandhara. They always face the side of 办耻峁囜笉补濒颈苍墨.

When 办耻峁囜笉补濒颈苍墨 is awakened, it passes on from 尘奴濒腻诲丑补谤补 to 蝉补丑补蝉谤腻谤补 through all the cakras. At every centre to which the 测辞驳墨 directs the 办耻峁囜笉补濒颈苍墨, he experiences a special form of 腻苍补苍诲补 (bliss) and gains special siddhis (psychic powers) and knowledge. He enjoys the supreme bliss, when 办耻峁囜笉补濒颈苍墨 is taken to 蝉补丑补蝉谤腻谤补 cakra.

Footnotes and references:

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[1]:

鈥孴he Chakras: A Monograph, p.3.

[2]:

鈥孴he Chakras: A Monograph, p.7.