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[Full title: Discussion on certain important Vratas dealt with in the vrataviveka-pariccheda of the 骋补峁単腻箩补濒补 II (C): The 惭补苍补蝉腻pa帽cam墨-vrata]

Month of the vrata: 艣谤腻惫补峁嘺.

Time of the festivity: 5th tithi of the black fortnight.

Name of the vrata	Month	Tithi		辫补办峁�a		Result
惭补苍补蝉腻	艢谤腻惫补峁嘺	笔补帽肠补尘墨		碍峁涐梗峁嘺		Long life welfare, attainment of progeny etc.

In Indian mythology snakes play a vital role. To be freed from the awe-inspiring nature of the snakes, people the victims considering their limitations against the snakes, proceed to worship them as deities since past. Later on, the digest writers observing the popularity of the serpent-lore prevalent among the so called lower classes of the people have picked it up and gave it a sastric regulation appropriate to the local School of 顿丑补谤尘补艣腻蝉迟谤补

顿腻尘辞诲补谤补 惭颈艣谤补 for the Kamarupa School of Dharmashastra selected 惭补苍补蝉腻 to deal with as the serpent deity of prominence. His regulation to worship the goddess 惭补苍补蝉腻 is the dark 辫补帽肠补尘墨迟颈迟丑颈 of the month of 艢谤腻惫补峁嘺. This tithi is found suggested in the Bengal School of 顿丑补谤尘补艣腻蝉迟谤补 also. For example, 贬补谤颈诲腻蝉补 艢补谤尘腻 said that, 狈腻驳补辫补帽肠补尘墨 equivalent to 惭补苍补蝉腻pa帽cam墨 should be observed on the dark 辫补帽肠补尘墨迟颈迟丑颈 that comes next to the full moon of 膧峁Ｄ佱笉丑补.^[1]

It is worth mentioning here that, according to tradition, the snake is the presiding deity of the 辫补帽肠补尘墨迟颈迟丑颈 irrespective of bright or dark fortnight. As such, it is due to this reason that 惭补苍补蝉腻 or 狈腻驳补 is found mentioned as being worshipped in the bright fifth also, in other schools of 顿丑补谤尘补艣腻蝉迟谤补 in India except the two schools, i.e., 碍腻尘补谤奴辫补 and Bengal in particular.

This may be justified from one passage of 狈颈谤峁嘺测补蝉颈苍诲丑耻 where it was prescribed that 狈腻驳补辫补帽肠补尘墨 should be performed on the bright fifth of the month of 艣谤腻惫补峁嘺.^[2] The 厂尘峁泃颈蝉腻谤辞诲诲丑腻谤补 also holds the same view like that of 狈颈谤峁嘺测补蝉颈苍诲丑耻 in respect of tithi and 辫补办峁�a. Referring to Hemadri, it further added that on this occasion, the performer should draw pictures of snake on the panels of the doors with cow-dung. The serpent deity should be worshipped as per prescribed injunctions by offering curd, holy grass, flowers, fruits and perfumes etc. to receive blessings from him on the fifth bright fortnight of the month of 艣谤腻惫补峁嘺.^[3]

Bhattoji Dik峁�ita in his 罢颈迟丑颈苍颈谤峁嘺测补, a digest of the southern school, depicted 艣谤腻惫补峁嘺 bright 辫补帽肠补尘墨迟颈迟丑颈 besides 尘腻谤驳补艣墨谤峁�a, as the prescribed period for the worship of serpent deity. In 叠丑腻谤补迟墨测补-惫谤补迟辞迟蝉补惫补 also its author although spoke in favour of bright fifth, yet has not discarded dark fifth if it is under the purview of local custom i.e., 濒辞办腻肠腻谤补. In 碍腻尘补谤奴辫补 School, 顿腻尘辞诲补谤补 惭颈艣谤补 suggests clear guidelines regarding the specific time for the performance of 惭补苍补蝉腻辫奴箩腻. Accordingly, 艢谤腻惫补峁嘺 k峁涐梗峁嚹乸a帽cam墨 is its proper time, when the Sun rests in Karkata, but that date should come next to the date of the occurrence of 办峁涐梗峁嘺-蝉惫腻辫补 i.e., 丑补谤颈艣补测补苍补 which happens in the 艣耻办濒补 别办腻诲补艣墨 of its preceding month, i.e., 膧峁Ｄ佱笉丑补.

Besides 艣谤腻惫补峁嘺, as he suggested, 腻峁Ｄ佱笉丑补 is also the month for this vrata, provided it falls in the next 辫补办峁�a of the 办峁涐梗峁嘺-蝉惫腻辫补.^[4] For every adoration image of the concerning deity is an important factor. In the worship of goddess 惭补苍补蝉腻, her devotees should arrange a symbol appropriate to her magnanimity on an alter in the courtyard of their establishment. This symbol, as prescribed should be made of from a particular tree called 鈥�蝉苍耻丑墨鈥� locally known as 鈥�siju鈥� in 碍腻尘补谤奴辫补, where goddess 惭补苍补蝉腻 and her family members are prayed to ascend and stay till the completion of the worship.^[5]

Haridasa Sarma, quoting from 顿别惫颈辫耻谤腻峁嘺, speaks of the significance of the selection of dark fifth tithi for the worship of goddess 惭补苍补蝉腻. His observation is that, as soon as 闯补苍腻谤诲诲补苍补 with other gods goes for sleeping, at that juncture of time, on the dark fifth of 艣谤腻惫补峁嘺, goddess 惭补苍补蝉腻 awakes up as if for the welfare of the people and to accept 辫奴箩腻 from her devotees.^[6] Today, the modern sculptors keeping the traditional symbol i.e., 蝉耻苍丑墨 vitapa intact, have introduced a new image of goddess 惭补苍补蝉腻. This new idol carries four swans in its structure which are according to sastric order are the vehicles pertaining to goddess 惭补苍补蝉腻. The relevant 诲丑测腻苍补尘补苍迟谤补 may be the source of the above new structure.^[7]

Footnotes and references:

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[1]:

膩峁Ｄ佱笉h墨ta岣� paravartiny膩峁� k峁涐梗峁嘺pa帽camy膩峁� 尘补苍补蝉腻诲别惫墨峁� 辫奴箩补测别迟/ 厂尘峁泃颈肠颈苍迟腻尘补峁噄, p.23

[2]:

艣谤腻惫补峁噀 pa帽cam墨 艣奴kl膩 sa峁僷rokt膩 n膩gapa帽cam墨// 狈颈谤峁嘺测补蝉颈苍诲丑耻, p.164

[3]:

艣谤腻惫补峁噀 尘腻蝉颈 pa帽camy膩峁� 艣耻办濒补pak峁�e 苍补谤腻诲丑墨辫补/
dv膩rasyobhayoto lekhy膩 gomayena vi峁�olva峁嚹佱弗/
辫奴箩补测别迟 vidhivat 办峁Ｄ玶补 dadhid奴rv膩峁卥urai岣� ku艣ai岣�/ 厂尘峁泃颈蝉腻谤辞诲诲丑腻谤补, p.39

[4]:

艣谤腻惫补峁噀 k峁涐梗峁嘺pa帽camy膩峁� k峁涐梗峁嘺sv膩p膩danantaram/
辫奴箩补测别迟nmanas膩 诲别惫墨峁� 蝉苍耻丑墨vitapa sa峁僺thit膩m//
k峁涐梗峁嘺sv膩p膩t pare pak峁�e mithune karka峁璭pi v膩/
pa帽camy膩峁� manas膩 devy膩岣� 辫奴箩补苍补峁� 蝉补谤惫补办腻尘补诲补尘// 骋补峁単腻箩补濒补 II, P.41

[5]:

蝉苍耻丑墨艣膩kh膩峁� sam膩r奴hya pariv膩raganai岣� saha 迟颈峁ａ弓丑补, 辫奴箩腻峁� karomyaham// 碍腻濒补辫耻谤耻峁�a 笔补帽箩颈办腻, p.68

[6]:

supte jan膩rddane k峁涐梗峁噀 pa帽camy膩峁� bhavan膩峁単ane/
p奴jayen尘补苍补蝉腻诲别惫墨峁� 蝉苍耻丑墨tapasa峁僺thit膩m//
辫补诲尘补苍腻产丑别 gate 艣补箩测腻峁� 诲别惫补颈岣� sarvairanantaram/
pa帽camy膩masite pak峁�e samutti峁ａ弓 hati 辫补苍苍补驳墨// 厂尘峁泃颈肠颈苍迟腻尘补峁噄, p.23

[7]:

o峁� dev墨mamv膩峁� 艣a艣adharavadan膩峁� c膩ruk膩ntivadan膩m/
丑补峁僺腻谤耻岣峢补尘耻诲腻谤腻峁� 蝉别惫颈迟腻峁� 蝉颈诲诲丑补办腻尘补颈岣�/ 惭补苍补蝉腻辫奴箩腻-vidhi