The Navya-Nyaya theory of Paksata (Study)
by Kazuhiko Yamamoto | 1991 | 35,898 words
This essay studies the Navya-Nyaya theory of Paksata within Indian logic by exploring the Paksataprakarana on the Tattvacintamani of Gangesa Upadhyaya and the Didhiti of Raghunata Siromani. The term 鈥減aksa鈥� originally meant a subject or proposition but evolved to signify a key logical term, representing the subject of an inference or the locus of i...
Text 5 (of the Paksata-prakarana on Tattvacintama-nididhiti)
[PAKSATA-SIDDHANTA]鈥擳EXT-5: sisadhayiseti. yatranumitsanantaram sadhyatadvyapyavattva1-visistapaksasmaranam, anumitistasadhanatavisayaka- tadrsasmaranad vanumitsa, anumitsapurvakalotpannavis smaranad vanumitsakalotpannendriyasannikarsasahitat sadhyatadvyapyavisistapaksapratyaksam, tadanantaram canumitis. tatra paksatasampattaye sahakrtantam sadhakamanavisesanam. VARIANT: 1. Tattvacintamani-didhiti-prakasa omits vattva-. Th. 10369 TRANSLATION: "Desire to establish etc." means where (1) after a desire to infer, there is a remembrance of subject qualified (by a probandum) and that which is pervaded by probandum, (2) or there is a desire to infer because of the remembrance of that type in which there is instrumentality existing in the desired inferential cognition, (3) or there is a perception of the subject associated with the probandum and what is pervaded by the probandum from the remembrance of the qualifier arising before the desire to infer along with the contact with the sense organs arising at the time of the desire to infer; thereafter an inferential cognition arises. In order to justify subjectness there, the portion ending in "sahakrta" (in the definition of paksata) is added as a qualifier to the cognition of supportive evidence (sadhakamana). NOTES: Raghunatha explains the order of arising of the cognition of probandum, the desire to establish, and the confirmatory cognition. Cf. Jagadisa's commentary, i. e. nanu
kramenotpannanam siddhicchaparamarsanam... (Paksata-prakarana: 62, 10). There are three cases when the inferential cognition arises by the desire to establish: FIRST MOMENT SECOND MOMENT THIRD MOMENT 1) cognition of probandum/desire to infer/confirmatory cognition. (siddhi/ anumitsa/ paramarsa.) 2) cognition of probandum/confirmatory cognition/desire to infer. (siddhi paramarsa/ anumitsa.) 3) cognition of probandum/confirmatory cognition/desire to infer. (siddhi/ paramarsa/ anumitsa.) In the first and second cases, the confirmatory cognition is from a remembrance of pervasion (vyapti-smarana). But in the third case, the confirmatory cognition is from the causal factors of perception (pratyaksa-samagri).