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The Navya-Nyaya theory of Paksata (Study)

by Kazuhiko Yamamoto | 1991 | 35,898 words

This essay studies the Navya-Nyaya theory of Paksata within Indian logic by exploring the Paksataprakarana on the Tattvacintamani of Gangesa Upadhyaya and the Didhiti of Raghunata Siromani. The term “paksa� originally meant a subject or proposition but evolved to signify a key logical term, representing the subject of an inference or the locus of i...

Text 6 (of the Paksata-prakarana on Tattvacintama-nididhiti)

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TEXT-6: sisadhayisa ca tatsadhyavisistatatpaksavisayakatvaprakarikanumitivisayinIccha, yat kimcid gocara gocaram1 jnanam jayatam iticchayam api siddhisattve 'numityanutpadad, anumititvaprakarikayam api pratyaksadyatiriktam parvate vahnijnanam jayatam iticchayam pratyaksadyanantaram2 anumityutpadac ca. VARIANTS: 1. (Tattvacintamani-rahasya: 433, 11) reads gocara- for gocaram. 2. (Tattvacintamani-rahasya: 433, 13) reads siddisattve for pratyaksadyanantaram. TRANSLATION: Moreover, the desire to establish is a desire of inferential cognition and in which the state of having a

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particular subject associated with a particular probandum as its content, because even if there is a desire namely "let there arise a cognition of some thing" and a cognition of probandum, inferential cognition does not arise. And because when there arises a desire such as "let there arise a cognition other than the perceptual cognition" namely "the cognition of fire on the mountain" and even if in such a desire the state of being an inferential cognition is not a qualifier, an cognition arises after a perception etc. substance". inferential NOTES: "A particular subject associated with a particular probandum" (tatsadhyavisistatatpaksa) means a particular mountain associtated with a particular fire. And the desire to establish is the state of having it as its content. The reason is of two kinds that: (1) The inferential cognition "fire on the mountain" does not arise from a desire "let there arise a cognition of (dravyatvena dravyagocarajnanam jayatam icchayam api vahneh siddhyatmakaparamarsad anumityanutpadad. (Paksata-prakarana: 64, 2 f.)). An object of desire and an object of inferential cognition should be the same object, otherwise the inferential cognition does not arise from the desire. (2) The inferential cognition "fire on the mountain" arises, even after the cognition of probandum by perception, from a desire "let there arise a cognition of fire on the mountain" by inference. Visvanatha cites Raghunatha's sentence as follows: siddhiparamarsasattve 'pi yat kimcij jnanam jayatam iticchayam

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api nanumitih. vahnivyapyadhumavan parvato vahniman iti pratyaksasattve pratyaksatiriktam jnanam jayatam iticchayam tu bhavaty eva. (Nyayasiddhanta-muktavali: 250, 4 to 251, 1). Mathuranatha cites Raghunatha's sentence as follows: sisadhayisa ca tatsadhyavisistatatpaksavisayakatvaprakari- kanumitivisayiniccha grahya yat kimcid gocarajnanam jayatam iticchayam api siddhisattve 'numityanutpadad anumititva prakarikayam api pratyaksadyatiriktam parvate vahnijnanam jayatam iticchayam siddhisattve 'numityutpadac ca. (Tattvacintamani-rahasya: 433, 9-13).

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