365bet娱乐

鲍辫补辫墨峁环补 or socle in architecture refers to the base or pedestal structure upon which a statue, column, or structure can be built. It is an additional base for a building, placed beneath the base (补诲丑颈峁ａ弓丑腻苍补) to add strength, beauty, and height to the building. It serves both functional and aesthetic purposes, it provides support to the whole construction, as well as enhance the visual appeal. 

In the text 痴颈艣惫补办补谤尘补-惫腻蝉迟耻艣腻蝉迟谤补, it is said that the 耻辫补辫墨峁环补 enhances the beauty of the building and protects the construction.

耻辫补辫墨峁环补kriy膩yoga岣� 艣obh膩rak峁�a峁嘺vardhaka |
迟补蝉尘腻迟迟补迟办补濒辫补苍补峁� 艣补蝉迟补峁� nirm膩峁噀 bahurupake || (痴颈艣惫补办补谤尘腻-惫腻蝉迟耻艣腻蝉迟谤补 77.1)

Therefore, the construction of a socle requires careful planning and attention to ensure that it fulfills its functional role. Maya says that-

补诲丑颈峁ａ弓丑腻苍补sya c膩dhast膩d耻辫补辫墨峁环补峁� proyojayet |
rak峁Ｄ乺tharmunn膩t膩rtha峁� ca 艣obh膩rtha峁� tat pravak峁�yate || (Mayamata 113.1)

1. Projection of the socle:

The height of the socle can vary based on the size of the base. It might have the same height of the base or it can have be three quarters, half, or two fifths of the height of the base. In some cases, it could be one and a half, one and three quarters, or twice the height of the base.

In some cases, the height of the socle can be measure depending on the plinth of the base (nirgama). Maya says that:

utsedhe da艣abh膩ge tu ekenaikena vardhan膩t |
pa帽c膩艣膩ntam补诲丑颈峁ａ弓丑腻苍补janm膩d b膩hye tu 苍颈谤驳补尘补峁� || (Mayamata 13.4)

The term nirgama refers to the extensions of moulding or any other architectural element measured from the location of another element, such as the plinth of the base in this context. It is said that height of the socle should typically be increased from one to five tenths of the plinth's height. Sometimes, it may be equal to the plinth's height. It can also be measured by one module (顿补峁囜笉补), or one and a half, or two and three modules.

2. Classification of socle:

Maya classifies the socle into three categories: Vedibhadra, Pratibhadra, and Subhadra. Several texts on 惫腻蝉迟耻惫颈诲测补 also classify the 耻辫补辫墨峁环补, but many discrepancies have been found in their descriptions. Depending on the measurement system and 箩腻迟颈 (constructional style), the 痴颈艣惫补办补谤尘腻惫腻蝉迟耻艣腻蝉迟谤补 primarily classifies the 耻辫补辫墨峁环补 into two categories. According to the measurement system, it is classified into three categories: uttama, madhyama, and adhama. On the other hand, based on constructional style, it is divided into seven categories: Pratibhadra, 痴腻箩颈产丑补诲谤补, 惭补帽肠补产丑补诲谤补, 厂奴谤测补产丑补诲谤补, Chandrabhadra, and Gandharvabhadra. Among these, the first three types should be made with prastara (stone), 厂奴谤测补产丑补诲谤补 and Chandrabhadra are made of wood, and Gandharvabhadra is to be built with metal.

痴颈艣惫补办补谤尘腻惫腻蝉迟耻艣腻蝉迟谤补 says that鈥�

pratibhadra峁� v膩jibhadra峁� ma帽cabhadrantu 艣ailaja峁� |
s奴ryabhadra峁� candrabhadra峁� d膩ruk膩rye prayojayet ||
gandharvabhadra峁� deve艣abhadra峁� lohakriy膩rhaka峁� |
saptasvapi ca 艣ail墨峁�u yojyametatprakirtita峁� || (痴颈艣惫补办补谤尘腻-惫腻蝉迟耻艣腻蝉迟谤补 77.4-5)

Some particular types of motif or design are used to construct the building that besides enhancing the beauty of the construction provides strength to the building structure. They are generally used in the construction of socle, entablature etc. These decorative patterns /motifs/figures are as follows-笔腻诲耻办补 (plinth), Pankaja (doucine), Alinga (fillet), Antara (another fillet), Prati (lower string-course) etc.

Vedibhadra:

The height of the Vedibhadra socle is divided into twelve parts. Two parts are used to make upana (plinth). Remaining ten parts of the socle should be distributed to make some motifs divided into different mouldings. Plinth means a block of stone on which a column stands. One part of the socle is dedicated for padma (doucine), half part for 办峁�e辫补苍补 (fillet), five parts for the 驳谤墨惫补 (dado), half part for a kampa (fillet) and one for ambuja (doucine). Rest of the parts is used to make the 惫腻箩补苍补 (upper string-course) and the kampa (fillet). These are the eight parts of a Vedibhadra socle. If the upper and lower padma/ ambuja are excluded than this socle can be arranged with six mouldings. Thus we find two categories off Vedibhadra socle-with eight mouldings and six mouldings.

Maya says that:

峁�a岣峚峁単a峁� v膩 vidh膩tavyam奴rdhv膩dhast膩d vin膩mbuja峁� |
惫别诲颈产丑补诲谤补峁� dvidh膩 prokta峁� sarvaharmye峁�u yogyaka峁� || (Mayamata 13.8)

Pratibhadra 鲍辫补辫墨峁环补:

The current text of the Mayamata prescribes two types of pratibhadra 耻辫补辫墨峁环补.

First and second type of pratibhadra 耻辫补辫墨峁环补:

The height of the first pratibhadra 耻辫补辫墨峁环补 should be divided into twenty-seven parts where the second type comprises twenty eight parts. Like vedibhadra socle these parts are distributed to make different motifs.

Here we are presenting two charts depicting these two types.

First type of pratibhadra 耻辫补辫墨峁环补:

Name of the mouldings	Parts
Janma and 痴腻箩补苍补 (fillet)	1
笔腻诲耻办补 (Plinth)	2
笔补峁卥补箩补 (doucine)	2
Kampa (fillet)	1
碍补峁囜弓丑补 (dado)	12
Uttara (architrave)	1
Ambuja (dripstone)	3
Kapota (groove)	1
膧濒颈苍驳补(fillet)	1
Prati (upper string-course)	2
痴腻箩补苍补 (top-fillet)	1

Second type of pratibhadra 耻辫补辫墨峁环补:

Name of the mouldings	parts
笔腻诲耻办补(plinth )	2
Pankaja(Doucine )	3
Alinga(A fillet )	1
Antarita (groove )	1
Prati (Lower string-course )	2
Urdha 惫腻箩补苍补 (a fillet )	1
碍补峁囜弓丑补(dado )	8
Uttara (a fillet )	1
Abja(doucine )	1
Kapota (dripstone )	3
膧濒颈苍驳补 (a fillet )	1
Antarita(groove )	1
Prati(upper string-course )	2
Urdha惫腻箩补苍补(a fillet )	1

Subhadra 耻辫补辫墨峁环补:

There are two types of Subhadra upap墨tha found in the text Mayamata. The first type of Subhadra 耻辫补辫墨峁环补 and the second type of Subhadra upap墨tha. Both types should possess twenty one parts, but the motifs and distributions of them are different for each type.

Fisrt type of subhadra 耻辫补辫墨峁环补:

Name of the mouldings	Parts
Janma	2
Padma	3
Kandara	1
叠腻箩补苍补	2
Kampa	1
碍补峁囜弓丑补	8
Kampa	1
叠腻箩补苍补	2
Top fillet (kampa)	1

Second type of Subhadra 耻辫补辫墨峁环补:

Name of the mouldings	Parts
Janma (plinth )	2
Ambuja(doucine )	2
Ka 峁囜弓ha(groove )	陆
Padma (doucine )	陆
痴腻箩补苍补 (upper string-course )	2
Abja (a fillet )	陆
Kampa(fillet )	陆
碍补峁囜弓丑补 (dado )	8
Uttara (fillet )	1
Padma(doucine )	陆
骋辞辫腻苍补办补 (dripstone )	3
Higher kampa (top-fillet )	陆

It is prescribed that among the different parts of the socle, the stringcourse is most significant for the constructional work, since various icons of animals, like lions, elephants, makaras, etc., are decorated at this part of the socle.