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All religions have emphasized the sacredness and purity of certain sites, localities, mountains, river, confluences, wells, towns, cities, etc., and have recommended pilgrimage to these holy sites. These sites are considered very holy and a visit to them are said to be very rewarding. Liberation (尘辞办峁�a) is one of the four aims of life (辫耻谤耻峁Ｄ乺迟丑补蝉). It is a common belief that one of the ways or means to attain liberation is going to pilgrimage. The description and the glorification of the holy places called 迟墨谤迟丑补蝉 form a special and important topic of the 笔耻谤腻峁嘺蝉. These 迟墨谤迟丑补蝉 are scattered all over in India and they provide a deep religious inspiration to the Hindus.

The 惭补迟蝉测补辫耻谤腻峁嘺 has mentioned many 迟墨谤迟丑补蝉 of 叠丑腻谤补迟补. It has given a vast discussion on the 笔谤补测腻驳补 尘腻丑腻迟尘测补 and 狈补谤尘补诲腻 尘腻丑腻迟尘测补 as well. The river 狈补谤尘补诲腻 is one hundred (100) 测辞箩补苍腻蝉 in length and two (2) 测辞箩补苍腻蝉 in breadth. It is notable that sixty (60) crores and sixty thousand (60,000) holy places are situated on the banks of this river around mountain 础尘补谤补办补峁囜弓补办补.^[1] A bath in 狈补谤尘补诲腻 leads one to the acquisition of the fruit of 础艣惫补尘别诲丑补 sacrifice. In short, it is so sacred that it liberates a person even from the sin of diabolical deeds.^[2] This river originated from the body of Rudra for the welfare of the world.^[3] It is prognosticated by the Fish-God to Manu to survive from the imminent dissolution.^[4] It is the mind-born daughter of the 厂辞尘补辫腻 辫颈迟峁泂.^[5] It is said to be Dak峁�in膩pathag膩mini, i.e., it flows southwards. It purifies all the people.^[6]

笔谤补测腻驳补:

The extension of 笔谤补测腻驳补 or modern Allahabad is said in the Mp to be five yojanas. This is a famkous place of pilgrimage even today. 叠谤补丑尘腻, 痴颈峁ａ箛耻 and 艢颈惫补 are said to reside there for the protection and the averting of sin. To the north of the town 笔谤补迟颈峁ａ弓丑腻苍补, 叠谤补丑尘腻 is said to reside in disguise. 痴颈峁ａ箛耻 resides there as Ven墨m膩dh膩va and 艢颈惫补 as a Banyan tree. Hence, it is said that all other gods and demi gods reside there and protect 笔谤补测腻驳补.^[7] The chapters 103,104,105,106,107,108,109,110,111 and 112 of the 惭补迟蝉测补辫耻谤腻峁嘺 are on glorification of 笔谤补测腻驳补. It is a 辫颈迟峁泃墨谤迟丑补 which fulfils the desires of the worshipper. God 艢颈惫补 in the form of 痴补峁璭艣惫补谤补 resides there together with 惭腻诲丑补惫补, i.e., 痴颈峁ａ箛耻.^[8]

Avimukta or Varanasi:

The 惭补迟蝉测补辫耻谤腻峁嘺 describes the glory of Avimuktak峁�etra which is nothing but other than Varanasi or 碍腻艣墨 in six long chapters, viz., 180, 181, 182, 183, 184 and 185. It is said here that the East-West land of this place is two 测辞箩补苍腻蝉, while North-South land is one half 测辞箩补苍腻.^[9] The east west length is two 测辞箩补苍腻蝉 and the north south length is one half 测辞箩补苍腻蝉.^[10] It is also described here that this 迟墨谤迟丑补 extends from Bhismacandika river to the river 艢耻办濒补.^[11] This place is named Avimukta because lord 艢颈惫补 had promised that he would never leave this 迟墨谤迟丑补. This 迟墨谤迟丑补 is superior to 狈补颈尘颈峁�a, 碍耻谤耻办峁�e迟谤补, 骋补峁単腻诲惫腻谤补 and 笔耻峁�k补谤补.^[12] According to 艢颈惫补, Avimukta or Varanasi is his most favourite place and as such he never leaves this place.^[13] In Varanasi, 艢颈惫补 resides in the form of the 濒颈峁単补 called 办峁泃迟颈惫腻蝉补. The river 骋补峁単腻 flows by its side.^[14] It is said that the very sight of this 迟墨谤迟丑补 is believed to destroy all sins.^[15]

In this way the 惭补迟蝉测补辫耻谤腻峁嘺 has glorified Avimukta or Varanasi. However, though here Avimukta is identified with Varanasi, now-a-days there is a 迟墨谤迟丑补 called Avimukta which is situated near Varanasi where 艢颈惫补 is called 础惫颈尘耻办迟别艣惫补谤补.

骋补测腻:

This place is known after Gaya, the son of Ila who was known as Sudyumna when he was a 碍颈峁僷耻谤耻峁�a.^[16] It is the best of pit峁洺倌�谤迟丑补��. 叠谤补丑尘腻 himself resides here. It is believed that if even one son goes and performs a 艣谤腻诲诲丑补 at 骋补测腻, it gives great satisfaction to the 辫颈迟峁泂^[17]

Ko峁璱迟墨谤迟丑补:

This 迟墨谤迟丑补 belongs to 笔谤补测腻驳补.^[18] Here many demons were killed by the gods and hence this name. Ko峁璱艣ara 艢颈惫补 was installed here by the gods.^[19] The goddess Kotav墨 is worshipped here. It is mentioned in the 笔谤补测腻驳补尘腻丑腻迟尘测补 that a person giving up his life here enjoys pleasures in the heaven for a period of crores of years.^[20]

骋辞诲腻惫补谤墨:

This is a 辫颈迟峁泃墨谤迟丑补. It is situated near the 骋辞诲腻惫补谤墨 river which teem with myriads of 艢颈惫补濒颈峁単补s. It is an exceedingly holy place. It is extended up to 闯腻尘补诲补驳苍测补. It is also known as Apsaroyuga. The performance of 艣谤腻诲诲丑补, Agnihotra sacrifice and charity in this 迟墨谤迟丑补 is held million times more sacred than elsewhere.^[21]

骋辞办补谤峁嘺:

It is a holy place for the performance of 艣谤腻诲诲丑补.^[22] It is believed to be especially sacred because of Siva鈥檚 presence there.^[23] It is said that once 颁丑腻测腻, the mother of Yama was partial to her Manu for which Yama became angry and raised his right leg to strike her for this discriminative attitude. 颁丑腻测腻 cursed him that his leg would be eaten by worms. Yama then went to 骋辞办补谤峁嘺 and practised penance here for a myriad of years to propitiate 艢颈惫补.^[24] 艢颈惫补 became pleased and gave him three boons.

碍耻谤耻办峁�e迟谤补:

The king Kuru crossing beyond 笔谤补测腻驳补, established 碍耻谤耻办峁�e迟谤补. It is a great sacred place where all holy places conjoin.^[25] The temple of 痴腻尘补苍补 is situated here. It is also called 顿丑补谤尘补办峁�e迟谤补.^[26] The 叠丑补驳补惫补诲驳墨迟腻 also describes it as 顿丑补谤尘补办峁�e迟谤补.^[27] The battle of the 惭补丑腻产丑腻谤补迟补 was fought here.

Govardhana:

It is one of the holy places where the performance of 艣谤腻诲诲丑补 is recommended.^[28]

贬补谤颈艣肠补苍诲谤补:

The goddess 颁补苍诲谤颈办腻 is worshipped in this holy place.^[29] It is one of the holy places where the performance of 艣谤腻诲诲丑补 is recommended.^[30] It is believed to be sacred because of 艢颈惫补s鈥檚 presence there.^[31]

笔耻峁�k补谤补:

The goddess 笔耻谤耻丑奴迟腻 is worshipped in this 迟墨谤迟丑补.^[32] It is said to be sacred in the 罢谤别迟腻 age.^[33] Yuddhi峁ａ弓hira has described it as sacred on Antar墨k峁�aloka.^[34] It is one of the sacred places present at 笔谤补测腻驳补.^[35] A long sacrifice was performed for a period of three years in the reign of 础诲丑颈蝉辞尘补办峁涐梗峁嘺.^[36] The emancipation is easier to obtain in Varanasi than here by the grace of 艢颈惫补.^[37] 笔耻峁�k补谤补迟墨谤迟丑补 is a holy place where the performance of 艣谤腻诲诲丑补 is recommended.^[38]

狈补颈尘颈峁�a:

It is believed to give fruit of all the holy places 狈补颈尘颈峁Ｄ乺补峁噛补.^[39] 狈补颈尘颈峁Ｄ乺补峁噛补 is the place residing where the sages asked the 厂奴迟补 at the end of a long sacrificial session to narrate the Pur膩峁噄c stories in response to which the 惭补迟蝉测补辫耻谤腻峁嘺 was narrated.^[40] The goddess Li峁単adh膩ri峁噄 is worshipped here.^[41] Here the circumference (nemi) of the wheels of the chariot of 痴颈峁ａ箛耻 was shattered to pieces. It is the most sacred place of all the holy places. 痴颈峁ａ箛耻 in the form of 痴补谤腻丑补 is worshipped here. One who goes there is sanctified and attains the feet of 狈腻谤腻测补峁嘺.^[42] Residing in the 狈补颈尘颈峁Ｄ乺补峁噛补, 笔颈辫辫补濒腻诲补 is said to have narrated A峁単膩rakavrata to Yudhi峁ａ弓ira.^[43] The emancipation is easier to obtain in Varanasi than here by the grace of 艢颈惫补.^[44] In the 碍峁泃补 age, 狈补颈尘颈峁�ak峁�etra is believed to be more sanctifying.^[45]

Footnotes and references:

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[1]:

Ibid.,186.33

[2]:

Ibid., 186.51 ff.

[3]:

Ibid., 190.17 ff.

[4]:

Ibid.,2.13

[5]:

Ibid.,15.25

[6]:

Ibid., 15-28

[7]:

, 111.7 ff.

[8]:

, 15.26

[9]:

Ibid., 183.61

[10]:

Ibid.,183.61ff

[11]:

Ibid., 183.162

[12]:

Ibid., 180.54-55

[13]:

Ibid., 181.13, 15

[14]:

Ibid., 183.7-8

[15]:

,185.55

[16]:

,12.17

[17]:

Ibid., 22.4-6

[18]:

Ibid., 106.44

[19]:

Ibid.,191.7-9

[20]:

Ibid., 106.44

[21]:

Ibid., 22.57-59

[22]:

, 22.58

[23]:

,181.25

[24]:

Ibid.,11.18

[25]:

Ibid., 22.18

[26]:

dharmak峁�etre kuruk峁�etre vaman膩yatane 蝉迟丑颈迟补岣�/ Ibid., 244.5

[27]:

叠丑补驳补惫补诲驳墨迟腻, 1.1

[28]:

Ibid., 22.52

[29]:

Ibid., 13.40

[30]:

Ibid., 22.52

[31]:

Ibid., 181.28

[32]:

Ibid., 13.30

[33]:

, 106.57

[34]:

, 109.3

[35]:

Ibid., 110.1

[36]:

Ibid., 50.67

[37]:

Ibid., 180.55

[38]:

Ibid., 22.62

[39]:

Ibid., 22.12

[40]:

Ibid., 1.4

[41]:

Ibid., 13,26

[42]:

Ibid., 22.15,16

[43]:

Ibid.,72.2

[44]:

Ibid.,180.55

[45]:

Ibid.,106.57