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SYNOPSIS STATEMENT NO. I HOW THE PRESENT WORK TRENDS TO THE GENERAL ADVANCEMENT OF KNOWLEDGE: (1) DEVALA AN ANCIENT AUTHORITY ON DHARMA : Devala is one of the most prominent and ancient authorities on Dharma. Sankaracarya mentions him as a Dharmasutrakara in his commentary on the Brahmasutras. He is also mentioned as a Smrtikara (law-giver) in the several lists, those of eighteen, twenty-one and thirty-six Smrtikaras. The commentators and digest-writers on Dharmasastra, have unequivocally accepted Devala, as one of the greatest authorities on Dharmasastra. 1 (2) A MISFORTUNE-LOSS OF DEVALASMRTI IN ITS ORIGINAL FORM : Unfortunately, the genuine, original and complete work on Dharmasastra of such a great Smrtikara, has become extinct, in the course of time. 1. Cf.I/4/28. !

I 02 There is a metrical Smrti, ascribed to Devala, in the printed. collections of Smrtis². It contains merely ninety verses, that treat the subject of purification of persons, associated with Mlecchas. Mm. P. V. Kane remarks, "This appears to be a late 1,3 compilation." Hence, it is evident that it is a fragmentary and a later work ascribed to Devala. (3) SOURCES OF RECONSTRUCTION: But his genuine Smrti has been unconsciously preserved and is still surviving through the multifarious quotations, in the Dharmasastra works. The digests and commentaries on abound in quotations, from very ancient Smrtis Dharmasastra of numerous sages, like Manu, Yajnavalkya, Katyayana, Brhaspati etc. Among them, Devala is one of the most profusely and every now and then quoted ancient Smrtikaras, whose views have been given great prominence and importance by almost all the famous 1 writers on Dharmasastra, whose authority, regarding authenticity of quotations is evidently unquestionable. (4) NATURE AND PECULIARITY OF DEVALA'S VIEWS : The quotations, ascribed to Devala, found in the digests and commentaries on Dharmas astra, are not only numerous, but 1 are also varied. They cover almost all the topics, dealt with 2. Smrtisandarbha 鈥� E Part III, pp.1655-1663, Smrtinam Samuccayah pp.85-88, Astadas asmrtayah pp.64-67. 3. History of Dharma Vol. I, Part I, p.282.

in other Smrtis, such as acara, vyavahara and prayascitta and their various sub-divisions. Though Devala deals with these subjects, similar to those found in other Smrtis, he has many a distinct and novel view, about various Smrti-topics which display his originality & accord him an independent and prominent status as a Smrtikara (law-giver). 5) HIGH WEIGHTAGE GIVEN TO DEVALA BY EMINENT MODERN SCHOLARS : The importance & value of the numerous & varied quotations of Devala, have been well-understood and recognized by eminent modern scholars, in the field of Dharmasastra. To illustratively indicate, the reputed scholars like Mn. P.V.Kane, Dr.Kurma Parana Jayaswal 5 Dr. Bhabatosh Bhattacharya 6 etc. have emphasized the importance and necessity of reconstructing the lost text of Devala. It is surprising and noteworthy that the work of reconstruction of such an invaluable text of Devala, in its entirety, has remained a dream, in spite of the fact that hundreds of quotations, ascribed to Devala, are available, as pointed out earlier. (6) RECONSTRUCTED TEXT, COUPLED WITH ITS CRITICAL STUDY : Not only the reconstruction, but the critical study thereof also is felt quite necessary. It will not only threw light upon 4. History of Dharma.-Vol. I, Part I, p.284 & Vol. I, Part II, p.723. 5. Manu and Yajnavalkya, p.300, note 2. 1 6. Studies in Dharmasastra, p.10.

XX 4 1 the distinctive features, on various Smrti-topics of Devala, but will also be an aid to the historical understanding of the then socio-cultural set-up. The Sankhya-Yoga philosophy, elucidated by Devala, in accordance with the ancient & lost Tantra works of Sankhya-Yoga, is of great value from the point of view of history of Sankhya-Yoga philosophy & for understanding the nature, import and purport of the ancient Tantras of these systems, the information about which is very rarely available. Devala, in a way, is a singled out and the only ancient authority, who deals elaborately with the problem of re-admittance by purification of persons, converted by mlecchas. (7) CONCLUDING REMARKS : Hence this present research work was undertaken, with a view to satisfying a long-felt desideratum, in respect of retrieval and preservation of an ancient text of Dharmas astra. It is felt that this sort of research work of reconstructing of almost a lost text, coupled with its critical study would enhance its utility in general.

STATEMENT NO. II SOURCES, INDEBTEDNESS AND ORIGINALITY A list of works wwww both published and unpublished consulted and utilized for the reconstruction of Devalasmrti text and the critical study thereof, has been given in the Appendix (Bibliography). The researcher has gratefully acknowledged, at proper places, his indebtedness, to the authors and works, wherefrom the quotations and references have been reproduced and as a natural sequence, logical, reasonable & judicious conclusions, have been arrived at, after having given due. weightage to the evidences and general information available, during the course of referring, studying and scrutinizing the textual and allied material. '

CHAPTER I: OUTLINE OF THE THESIS A SYNOPSIS PART I SECTION I (INTRODUCTION Introductory Remarks . Necessity and Importance of Reconstruction of the Text of Devalasmrti. CHAPTER II : Devala His Bio-data (A) Devala An Ancient Reputed Sage. (B) Devala-life, Personality, Character and Contribution. (C) Devala- An Ancient Authority on Dharma. (D) Devala His Date. CHAPTER III : Smrti (A) Smrti General Information. (B) The Extinction of Smrtis-Causes Thereof. CHAPTER IV : Methodology of Reconstruction.

-7SECTION: II (TEXT IN ITS RECONSTRUCTED FORM) fen (Note: Figures in brackets indicate the extent as expressed in the form of Slokas and/or Sutras). I. Acaradhyayah (1) -(1-1530): Dharmasvarupam (1-50) (2) Varnasramajatidharmah (51-328) (3) Samskarah (329-468) (4) Paribhasa (469-511) (5) Ahnikam (513-706) ar almyrmyt (6) Bhaksyabhaksyam (707-808) (7) Desadharmah Kaladharmasca (809-884) (8) Danam (885-1050) (9) Dravyasuddhih (1051-1140) (10) Asancam (1141-1182) (11) Antyestih (1183-1306) 1 (12) Sraddham (1307-1530) II. Vyavaharadhyayah (1531-1613) : (1) Rajadharmah (1531-1539) (2) Atatayinah (1540-1542) (3) Stripumdharmah (1543-1562) (4) Dayavibhagah (1563-1613) kao

00 III. Prayascittadhyayah (1614-2475) : (1) Prayascittam (1614-1812) (2) Mlecchitasuddhih (1813-1884) (3) Anugrahaprayascittam (1885-1907) (4) Vratani (1908-2154) (5) Tirthayatra (2155-2199) 1 (6) Nihsreyasam (2200-2475) IV. Paris istam Devalaktam Jyotisam (1-81) : (1) Samskarah (1-15) (2) Krsih (16-38) (3) Grahacarah (39-72) (4) Aristani (73-81) . PART II (A) List of Consulted Dharmasastra works in their Abbreviated Forms. (B) Sources and Variants.

PART III CRITICAL STUDY CHAPTER I: Reconstructed Text - Outline. CHAPTER II : Reconstructed Text Date. CHAPTER III : Reconstructed Text Home. CHAPTER IV : Reconstructed Text - Summary. CHAPTER V.: The Distinctive Features of the Text (General): (A) The Distinctive Religious Features. (B) The Distinctive Social Features. (C) The Distinctive Sacramental Features (D) The Distinctive Sacramental Features (E) The Distinctive Sacramental Features (F) The Distinctive Ritualistic Features. (G) The Distinctive Legal Features. (H) The Distinctive Expiatory Features. Part I. Part II. Part III.

10 CHAPTER VI : Further Distinctive Features of the Text (Philosophical Aspect). SECTION I (1) Relevance of Philosophical Exposition. (2) The Twofold Purusartha. (3) The Sankhya Philosophy. (4) The Yoga Philosophy. (5) Papados as (The Treatment of the Threefold Vices). 6) Concept of Bondage and Liberation. SECTION II (A) Devala's Indebtedness to the works on Sankhya and Yoga. (B) Devala - A Brahmavadi Sankhya (A Happy Blending of Sankhya and Vedanta) CHAPTER VII : Relevance, Fitness and Utility of the present Text in the Modern Age. PART IV APPENDICES (I) Authors and Works, mentioned in the Text. (II) Mantras, quoted and indicated in the Text. (III) Place-Names, occurring in the Text. (IV) Bibliography : (List of works, utilized for quotations and references, during the Process of Reconstruction and Critical Study).