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Chief among the 笔谤补箩腻辫补迟颈蝉.

碍补艣测补辫补鈥擲on or Grandson of 叠谤补丑尘腻?

It is impossible to give a definite answer to this question. In 惭补丑腻产丑腻谤补迟补, 膧di Parva, Chapter 65, we see that six spiritual sons鈥�惭补谤墨肠颈, 础峁単颈谤补蝉, Atri, Pulastya, Pul{??}aha and Kratu鈥攚ere born to 叠谤补丑尘腻. 碍补艣测补辫补 was born as the son of 惭补谤墨肠颈 and that all living beings in the world took their origin from 碍补艣测补辫补. According to this statement, 碍补艣测补辫补 is the grandson of 叠谤补丑尘腻. But in the 14th Sarga of 础谤补峁噛补k膩峁囜笉a in 痴腻濒尘墨办颈 搁腻尘腻测补峁嘺 there is an account of the creation of all animate and inanimate objects in this world. According to a statement in that passage, we find that 碍补艣测补辫补 was the youngest brother of 惭补谤墨肠颈, Atri, Pulastya and others. This means that 碍补艣测补辫补 was the son of 叠谤补丑尘腻. Therefore there is nothing wrong in regarding him either as the son or as the grandson of 叠谤补丑尘腻. In the 笔耻谤腻峁嘺蝉 we find references to him in both ways.

Original Gotra or Clan.

惭补丑腻产丑腻谤补迟补, 艢腻苍迟颈 Parva, Chapter 297, verse 17 says that all living beings belong to the four original Gotras鈥攖丑别 gotra of 础峁単颈谤补蝉, 碍补艣测补辫补 gotra, 叠丑峁沢耻 gotra and 痴补蝉颈峁ａ弓丑补 gotra and that all the other gotras came into existence subsequently.

碍补艣测补辫补鈥檚 wives.

碍补艣测补辫补 had 21 wives who were:鈥�Aditi, Diti, Danu, 础谤颈峁ａ弓腻, 厂耻谤补蝉腻. 碍丑补艣腻, Surabhi, 痴颈苍补迟腻, 罢腻尘谤腻, 碍谤辞诲丑补惫补艣腻, Ir膩, 碍补诲谤奴, Muni, 笔耻濒辞尘腻, 碍腻濒补办腻, 狈补迟腻, 顿补苍腻测耻蝉, 厂颈峁僪颈办腻, Pradh膩, 痴颈艣惫腻, and 碍补辫颈濒腻. Of these, the 13 wives, Aditi, Diti, 碍腻濒补办腻, 顿补苍腻测耻蝉, Danu, 厂颈峁僪颈办腻, 碍谤辞诲丑腻, Pradh膩, 痴颈艣惫腻, 痴颈苍补迟腻, 碍补辫颈濒腻, Muni and 碍补诲谤奴, were the daughters of 顿补办峁�a.

Of these the first wife Aditi had 12 sons. These 12 sons namely 痴颈峁ａ箛耻, 艢补办谤补, 础谤测补尘腻, 顿丑腻迟腻, 罢惫补峁ａ弓腻, 笔奴峁Ｄ�, 痴颈惫补蝉惫腻苍, 厂补惫颈迟腻, Mitra, 痴补谤耻峁嘺, 础峁兣沘 and Bhaga are called 膧诲颈迟测补蝉 (sons of Aditi). In the sixth Manvantara these 12 膧诲颈迟测补蝉 belonged to the tribe known as 罢耻峁�i迟补蝉. (The present Manvantara is the seventh one). The 33 crores of Devas came into being from the twelve 膧诲颈迟测补蝉.

The Daityas were born from 碍补艣测补辫补鈥檚 second wife Diti. The chief Daityas are 贬颈谤补峁噛补办补艣颈辫耻, 贬颈谤补峁噛腻办峁�a and 厂颈峁僪颈办腻. All the other Daityas were born from them.

The 顿腻苍补惫补蝉 were the children of Danu, another wife of 碍补艣测补辫补. Dvim奴rdh膩, 艢补尘产补谤补, Ayomukha, 艢补峁卥耻艣颈谤补蝉, Kapila, 艢补峁卥补谤补, Ekacakra, 惭补丑腻产腻丑耻, 罢腻谤补办补, 惭补丑腻产补濒补, 厂惫补谤产丑腻苍耻, 痴峁涐梗补辫补谤惫腻, 笔耻濒辞尘腻, and Vipracitti are the famous 顿腻苍补惫补蝉. The other 顿腻苍补惫补蝉 were the children of the people mentioned above.

Another wife of 碍补艣测补辫补, Surabhi gave birth to Aja, Ekap膩d, Ahirbuddhnya, 罢惫补峁ａ弓腻 and Rudra and also the Ek膩da艣a Rudras 苍补尘别濒测:鈥�Hara, 叠补丑耻谤奴辫补, Tryambaka, 础辫补谤腻箩颈迟补, 痴峁涐梗腻办补辫颈, 艢补尘产丑耻, 碍补辫补谤诲墨, Raivata, 惭峁沢补惫测腻诲丑补, Sarpa, and 碍补辫腻濒墨. 痴颈苍补迟腻 gave birth to 骋补谤耻岣峚 and 碍补诲谤奴 was the mother of the 苍腻驳补蝉. The 笔耻谤腻峁嘺蝉 proclaim that all living beings that we see in the world today, sprang from 碍补艣测补辫补鈥檚 offsprings by his different wives. (痴腻濒尘墨办颈 搁腻尘腻测补峁嘺, 叠腻濒补 碍腻峁囜笉补, Chapter 29; 痴颈峁ａ箛耻 Pur膩峁嘺, Part I, Chapters 15-21; 惭补丑腻产丑腻谤补迟补, 膧di Parva, Chapters 16 and 65 and Agni Pur膩峁嘺, Chapter 18).

叠谤补丑尘腻 taught 碍补艣测补辫补 cure for snake poison.

The serpents (狈腻驳补s) were born to 碍补诲谤奴, one of the wives of 碍补艣测补辫补. Once 碍补诲谤奴 asked her children to hang down like hair from the tail of Uccai艣艣ravas. They refused to do so. 碍补诲谤奴 became angry and cursed them that they would be burnt alive at Janamejaya鈥檚 Sarpa Sattra (snake-sacrifice). After the curse, the 狈腻驳补s became dangerously venomous. At this stage, 叠谤补丑尘腻 taught 碍补艣测补辫补 the art of curing snake-poison to protect other creatures that might be bitten by the 狈腻驳补s. Cure of snake-bite in this world dates from that time. (惭补丑腻产丑腻谤补迟补 膧di Parva. Chapter 20).

Ka艣y pa and 骋补谤耻岣峚.

骋补谤耻岣峚 is a mighty son of 碍补艣测补辫补 by his wife 痴颈苍补迟腻. 痴颈苍补迟腻 made a bet with her sister 碍补诲谤奴. 碍补诲谤奴 won the bet. 痴颈苍补迟腻 became 碍补诲谤奴鈥檚 maid-servant as a result of the bet. To be relieved of this bondage 痴颈苍补迟腻鈥檚 son 骋补谤耻岣峚 had to bring 础尘峁泃补 from Devaloka and give it to 碍补诲谤奴 and her 狈腻驳补-sons. 骋补谤耻岣峚 agreed and flew up to Heaven to fetch 础尘峁泃补.

On the way, he visited his father 碍补艣测补辫补 who was performing penance on the 骋补苍诲丑补尘腻诲补苍补 mountain. He asked his father to give him some food, as he was very hungry. 碍补艣测补辫补 told him the following story:鈥�"Long ago a sage named 痴颈产丑腻惫补蝉耻 lived near this place. He and his younger brother named 厂耻辫谤补迟墨办补 began to quarrel over the sharing of their father鈥檚 wealth. The elder brother transformed the younger brother into an elephant by a curse and the younger brother turned the elder into a tortoise by his curse. They are still living in yonder lake as elephant and tortoise and continue like enemies. If you eat both of them, you will be strong enough to fight against the Devas and get possession of 础尘峁泃补 for yourself."

On hearing this, 骋补谤耻岣峚 went to the lake and caught the elephant and tortoise in his claws and flew up into the sky. The mountains began to tremble and a whirlwind swept the Heavens when 骋补谤耻岣峚 beat with his wings. He flew about here and there unable to find a convenient place to sit and enjoy his meal. On the way, his eye caught sight of a huge banyan tree spreading its branches far and wide, to a distance of 100 yojanas around it. When he perched on one of its branches with the elephant and tortoise, the branch broke and fell down. From that branch certain sages known as 叠腻濒补khilyas were hanging with their heads downwards. So, to prevent them from falling to the ground, 骋补谤耻岣峚 lifted it in his beak and began to fly up again. Unable to find a suitable spot where he could deposit the branch with the sages, 骋补谤耻岣峚 returned to his father again. At the request of 碍补艣测补辫补, the 叠腻濒补khilyas went to the 贬颈尘腻濒补测补蝉. He showed 骋补谤耻岣峚 a vast, snowclad mountain on which he could deposit the broken branch he was carrying. 骋补谤耻岣峚 flew to that mountain and ate up the elephant and tortoise and thus gained strength to fight with the Devas for 础尘峁泃补. After that he proceeded to Heaven. (惭补丑腻产丑腻谤补迟补 膧di Parva, Chapters 29-31).

Other Birth of 碍补艣测补辫补.

In 颁腻办峁�u峁�a Manvantara, the sage Sutapas performed a penance along with his wife 笔峁浥沶颈 for 12,000 years. Lord 痴颈峁ａ箛耻 appeared to them and asked what boon they wished to ask. They prayed that the Lord should take birth as their son. 痴颈峁ａ箛耻 granted their prayer and was born as their son.

In the next Manvantara (the period of Vaivasvata Manu) Sutapas and 笔峁浥沶颈 were re-born as 碍补艣测补辫补 and Aditi respectively. At that time also 惭补丑腻惫颈峁ａ箛耻 was born to Aditi as 痴腻尘补苍补. (See under 痴腻尘补苍补). In this birth, 碍补艣测补辫补 had many other wives besides Aditi. 厂耻谤补蝉腻 was one of those wives. (叠丑腻驳补惫补迟补, 10th Skandha).

It was this 碍补艣测补辫补 himself who was reborn as Vasudeva and Aditi became 顿别惫补办墨. 厂耻谤补蝉腻 was born as 搁辞丑颈峁嚹�, another wife. There is another reason for 碍补艣测补辫补 and Aditi to take birth for the third time. Once 碍补艣测补辫补 had prepared to perform a Y膩ga. All arrangements were complete. But the sacrificial cow alone was not available. 碍补艣测补辫补 solved the problem by stealing a cow from 痴补谤耻峁嘺鈥檚 cattle-shed. Aditi and 厂耻谤补蝉腻 concealed it in the 膧艣谤补尘补. Enraged at the theft of his cow, 痴补谤耻峁嘺 complained to 叠谤补丑尘腻. A curse was pronounced by 叠谤补丑尘腻 and 痴补谤耻峁嘺 that as a punishment for stealing and hiding the cow, 碍补艣测补辫补 should be reborn as a cowherd and Aditi and 厂耻谤补蝉腻 should be reborn as the cowherd鈥檚 wives. It was by this curse that 碍补艣测补辫补, Aditi and 厂耻谤补蝉腻 were reborn as Vasudeva 顿别惫补办墨 and 搁辞丑颈峁嚹� respectively. (Dev墨 叠丑腻驳补惫补迟补, 4th Skandha).

笔补谤补艣耻谤腻尘补鈥檚 gift of land to 碍补艣测补辫补.

笔补谤补艣耻谤腻尘补 performed a Y膩ga after exterminating all 碍峁�a迟谤颈测补 Kings. At that Y膩ga he gifted all the lands he had conquered till then to 碍补艣测补辫补. In 惭补丑腻产丑腻谤补迟补, 础谤补峁噛补 Parva, Chapter 117, there is a reference to this gift.

碍补艣测补辫补 and Kerala.

After 笔补谤补艣耻谤腻尘补 went round the world eighteen times and exterminated the 碍峁�a迟谤颈测补 Kings he performed a Y膩ga. At that Y膩ga he gave the whole earth as 诲补办峁�i峁嚹� to 碍补艣测补辫补. After that, 碍补艣测补辫补 drove away 笔补谤补艣耻谤腻尘补 from the earth to the south. Taking pity on 笔补谤补艣耻谤腻尘补, the ocean gave him the region known as "艢奴谤辫腻谤补办补". 碍补艣测补辫补 seized 艢奴谤辫腻谤补办补 also from 笔补谤补艣耻谤腻尘补 and gave it to 叠谤腻丑尘补峁嘺蝉. 笔补谤补艣耻谤腻尘补 went to the forests after it. Later on, intermixture of castes took place in this region and anarchy prevailed there. At one time, 艢奴谤辫腻谤补办补 sank down into 笔腻迟腻濒补 (lower world). 碍补艣测补辫补 who saw this held the earth up, brought 碍峁�a迟谤颈测补s from the north and made them rulers of the country. (惭补丑腻产丑腻谤补迟补 艢腻苍迟颈 Parva, Chapter 49). This "艢奴谤辫腻谤补办补" is believed to be Kerala.

Other Details about 碍补艣测补辫补.

(i) 碍补艣测补辫补 arrived at the place of Arjuna鈥檚 birth accompanied by other sages. (惭补丑腻产丑腻谤补迟补, 膧di Parva, Chapter 122).

(ii) 碍补艣测补辫补 flourished in 叠谤补丑尘腻鈥檚 assembly. (惭补丑腻产丑腻谤补迟补 厂补产丑腻 Parva, Chapter 11).

(iii) Once there was a dispute between Virocana, the son of 笔谤补丑濒腻诲补 and Sudhanv膩, the son of 础峁単颈谤补蝉. It was 碍补艣测补辫补 who settled this dispute. (See the 5th Para under the word 础峁単颈谤补蝉).

(iv) Once 碍补艣测补辫补 went on a pilgrimage in the company of 驰耻诲丑颈峁ａ弓丑颈谤补. (惭补丑腻产丑腻谤补迟补 Vana Parva, Chapter 85).

(v) Once 叠谤补丑尘腻 gifted the entire earth to 碍补艣测补辫补 at a 驰补箩帽补. Bh奴midev墨 (Goddess of the earth) who was distressed at it, went to 笔腻迟腻濒补 and began to lament. At that time 碍补艣测补辫补 propitiated the goddess by his austere penance. (惭补丑腻产丑腻谤补迟补 Vana Parva, Chapter 114).

(vi) After 笔补谤补艣耻谤腻尘补 had given the entire earth to 碍补艣测补辫补, 碍补艣测补辫补 drove away 笔补谤补艣耻谤腻尘补 from the earth. 笔补谤补艣耻谤腻尘补 then shot an arrow into the sea and converted that portion of the sea into land. (惭补丑腻产丑腻谤补迟补 顿谤辞峁嘺 Parva, Chapter 70, Verses 18 and 19).

(vii) When the war between Kauravas and 笔腻峁囜笉补惫补蝉 was in progress, 碍补艣测补辫补 approached 顿谤辞峁嘺 and wanted him to bring the battle to a close. (惭补丑腻产丑腻谤补迟补 顿谤辞峁嘺 Parva, Chapter 190).

(viii) 碍补艣测补辫补 was also present with other sages at the time of Skanda鈥檚 birth. (惭补丑腻产丑腻谤补迟补 艢补濒测补 Parva, Chapter 45).

(ix) 碍补艣测补辫补 once gave some pieces of advice to 笔耻谤奴谤补惫补蝉. (惭补丑腻产丑腻谤补迟补 艢腻苍迟颈 Parva, Chapter 73).

(x) In the 8th verse of Chapter 208 of 艢腻苍迟颈 Parva, in 惭补丑腻产丑腻谤补迟补, we find that 碍补艣测补辫补 had another name 础谤颈峁ａ弓补苍别尘颈.

(xi) 碍补艣测补辫补 once related to 叠丑墨峁�m补, the story of 惭补丑腻惫颈峁ａ箛耻鈥檚 Var膩h膩vat膩ra. (Incarnation as Boar). (惭补丑腻产丑腻谤补迟补 艢腻苍迟颈 Parva, Chapter 209, Verse 6).

(xii) 叠丑腻峁Ｄ� 叠丑腻谤补迟补 says that gingelly seeds were first introduced into this world from sage 碍补艣测补辫补鈥檚 body. (惭补丑腻产丑腻谤补迟补 础苍耻艣腻蝉补苍补 Parva, Chapter 66, Verse 10).

(xiii) 碍补艣测补辫补 explained to V峁涐梗膩darbhi, the evil of receiving pratigraha (presents). (惭补丑腻产丑腻谤补迟补 础苍耻艣腻蝉补苍补 Parva, Chapter 93).

(xiv) 碍补艣测补辫补 once spoke to 础谤耻苍诲丑补迟墨 about the weakness of his body. (惭补丑腻产丑腻谤补迟补 础苍耻艣腻蝉补苍补 Parva, Chapter 93, Verse 65).

(xv) At another time, Agastya suspected that 碍补艣测补辫补 had stolen his lotus. But 碍补艣测补辫补 swore that he was innocent. (惭补丑腻产丑腻谤补迟补 础苍耻艣腻蝉补苍补 Parva, Chapter 94).

(xvi) In 叠丑腻峁Ｄ� 叠丑腻谤补迟补 it is said that 碍补艣测补辫补 was one of the Sapta Gurus (seven Preceptors) of Kubera. The other six Gurus were鈥敵詹共蹙贬梗峁�丑��, Atri, Gautama, 叠丑补谤补诲惫腻箩补, 痴颈艣惫腻mitra and Jamadagni. 惭补丑腻产丑腻谤补迟补 础苍耻艣腻蝉补苍补 Parva, Chapter 150).

(xvii) In 叠丑腻驳补惫补迟补 we see that 碍补艣测补辫补 and other sages were instrumental in bringing about the destruction of Yadu Va峁兣沘. (For further details see under 厂膧惭叠础).