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[Sanskrit text for this chapter is available]

Skanda said:

1. I shall describe the six kinds of compounds. They are again divided into twentyeight kinds. They are twofold being divided as eternal and non-etemal,those which drop(the suffixes) and those which do not drop.

2-3a. (The following are examples of) eternal (compounds): 碍耻尘产丑补办腻谤补岣� [碍耻尘产丑补办腻谤补] (a potter), 贬别尘补办腻谤补岣� [贬别尘补办腻谤补] (goldsmith) etc. R膩j帽a岣� 辫耻尘腻苍 or R膩ja辫耻尘腻苍 (a person with royal authority). This also is an eternal compound. 碍补峁ａ弓补艣谤颈迟补岣� [碍补峁ａ弓补艣谤颈迟补] (ka峁ａ弓ena 艣谤颈迟补岣�) (joined with difficulty) (is an example of) dropping (the suffix). 碍补峁囜弓丑别办腻濒补岣� [碍补峁囜弓丑别办腻濒补] etc. (ka峁囜弓he+办腻濒补岣�) (black-necked) (are examples) for not dropping (the suffix).

3b-7. 罢补迟辫耻谤耻峁�a (Determinative compound) is of eight kinds. The first one is that where the words when compounded with substantives are placed first. This is the first (variety) of 罢补迟辫耻谤耻峁�a. 笔奴谤惫补峁� K膩yasya when (the compound is) dissolved (becomes) 笔耻谤惫补办腻测补岣� [笔耻谤惫补办腻测补]^[1] (the upper part of the body), 础辫补谤补办腻测补岣� [础辫补谤补办腻测补] (lower part of the body), Adharottara-k膩yaka岣� [础诲丑补谤辞迟迟补谤补办腻测补办补]. (the lower and higher part of the body). 础谤诲丑补峁� Ka峁嚹亂膩岣� (becomes) Ardhaka峁嚹佱弗 (half of a grain). Bhik峁Ｄ乼奴rya峁�^[2] (begging alms a fourth time)is also of this type(signifying the whole of which they are parts) (optionally placed first). 膧辫补苍苍补箩墨惫颈办补岣� [膧辫补苍苍补箩墨惫颈办补]^[3] (腻辫补苍苍辞 箩墨惫颈办腻峁�) is similar (in the second case). Adhar膩艣谤颈迟补岣� [础诲丑补谤腻艣谤颈迟补] (补诲丑补谤补峁� 膩艣谤颈迟补岣�鈥攐ne who has resorted to a lower person). Var峁�am-产丑辞驳测补岣�. (or) Var峁�a产丑辞驳测补岣� [痴补谤峁�a产丑辞驳测补]. (to be enjoyed for a year). (An instance of compounding) with (nouns in) the third case: 顿丑腻苍测腻谤迟丑补岣� [顿丑腻苍测腻谤迟丑补] (Dh膩nyena 补谤迟丑补岣�) (wealth obtained by means grain). (The noun) would be in the fourth case (when compounded with the word bali): 痴颈峁ａ箛耻产补濒颈岣� [痴颈峁ａ箛耻产补濒颈] (Vi峁ａ箛ave 产补濒颈岣�). 痴峁沰补产丑墨迟颈岣� [痴峁沰补产丑墨迟颈]^[4] (痴峁沰腻迟 产丑墨迟颈岣�, fear from a wolf) (is an example for compounding with a noun in) the fifth case. (An example for) sixth case (is) R膩j帽a岣� 辫耻尘腻苍 (an officer of a king) (becoming) R膩ja辫耻尘腻苍. Similarly (we have) 痴峁沰峁�a辫丑补濒补峁� [痴峁沰峁�a辫丑补濒补] (the fruit of a tree). The seventh case (is used in the following): This one (is) Ak峁�a艣au峁囜笉a^[5] (础办峁�e峁�u 艣补耻峁囜笉补岣�) (skilled in dice). 础丑颈迟补岣� (not beneficial) (is an example) for Negative 罢补迟辫耻谤耻峁�a.

8-12. 碍补谤尘补诲丑腻谤补测补 (appositioned compound) is sevenfold^[6]. 狈墨濒辞迟辫补濒补 (狈墨濒补峁� ca tad 耻迟辫补濒补峁� ca) etc. are known (to be the examples) for compounding the adjective and the noun it qualifies). (l) The qualifying word is placed first or (2) the word that is qualified is placed afterwards. (Words expressive of the persons or things condemned are placed first): 痴补颈测腻办补谤补峁嘺办丑补蝉奴肠颈岣� [痴补颈测腻办补谤补峁嘺办丑补蝉奴肠颈] (a bad grammarian) (an example for first kind). 艢墨迟辞峁�n补峁� [艢墨迟辞峁�n补] (cold and hot) and 顿惫墨辫补诲补峁� [顿惫墨辫补诲补] (two words) (are examples for the second). (3) Expressive of standard of comparison placed as first member: 艢a峁卥hap膩峁囜笉ara (white as the conch) (艣补峁卥丑补岣� iva 辫腻峁囜笉补谤补岣�). (4) The standard of comparison placed as the second member: 笔耻谤耻峁�a惫测腻驳丑谤补岣� [笔耻谤耻峁�a惫测腻驳丑谤补] (a man like a tiger) (puru峁�o 惫测腻驳丑谤补岣� iva). (5) Words of respect placed first: 骋耻峁嘺惫峁沝诲丑颈岣� [骋耻峁嘺惫峁沝诲丑颈] dissolved as 驳耻峁嘺岣� iti 惫峁沝诲丑颈岣� (elongation). 厂耻丑峁沝 and Subandhu (are examples). (6) The word signifying prominence is placed as the first member (辫腻诲补 eva 辫补诲尘补峁� = 辫腻诲补-辫补诲尘补峁�). 叠补丑耻惫谤墨丑颈 (attributive compound) is sevenfold. (The following are examples) for the 叠补丑耻惫谤墨丑颈 having two words: 腻谤奴岣峢补产丑补惫补苍辞 苍补谤补岣� (A man who has stepped into a house).

13. These brahmins are about ten (ie., nine or eleven). upada艣膩岣� (= da艣膩n膩峁� sam墨pe ye santi te) is (an example of 叠补丑耻惫谤墨丑颈 having the) numeral as the second member. (Examples of 叠补丑耻惫谤墨丑颈) having both (the members) as numerals are such as 诲惫颈迟谤腻 (two or three), dvyekatraya (two or one or three) men.

14. The particle saha (may be compounded) when it becomes the first member. The tree has been pulled out together with its root (蝉补尘奴濒补) (is an example). Those having the characteristic of reciprocity: (a battle in which the warriors fight) seizing each other鈥檚 hair, (办别艣腻办别艣墨) fighting one another with nail (苍补办丑腻苍补办丑墨).

15. (A 叠补丑耻惫谤墨丑颈 compound may be formed) to denote a direction (in between two directions): 诲补办峁�i峁嘺辫奴谤惫腻 (the point of direction in between the south and east). A Dvigu (having a number as the first member in a compound) is said to be twofold. It becomes singular (when denoting an aggregate), 鈥榟aving two peaks鈥� 鈥榟aving five roots'. It is possible in many ways.

16. A Dvandva (copulative compound) is twofold itaretarayoga and 蝉补尘腻丑腻谤补 (the members are treated separately, and an aggragete of the things enumerated constituing a complex (idea). (An example for the first is) Rudravi峁ａ箛奴 (Rudra and 痴颈峁ａ箛耻). (An example for the second is) Bher墨pa峁璦ha. (It is always singular.)

17-18. 础惫测补测墨产丑腻惫补 (compound consisting of two members, the first of which is, mostly, an indeclinable) is said to be of two kinds. An example for one having a noun as the first member (is): 艣腻办补蝉测补 尘腻迟谤腻 (very little vegetable) = 艣膩kaprati. An example for one with the first member as an indeclinable (is): 耻辫补办耻尘产丑补峁� [upakumbha] (near a pot) and 耻辫补谤补迟丑测补峁� [uparathya] (near a chariot). The compounds are fourfold on account of the prominence (of one member)鈥攖hat which has the second member prominent and Dvandva, where both (the members) are prominent. 础惫测补测墨产丑腻惫补 has the first member prominent and 叠补丑耻惫谤墨丑颈 (in which the importance lies) externally.

Footnotes and references:

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[1]:

See Pa, II. 2. 1. They are not strictly Genitive 罢补迟辫耻谤耻峁�a. But called by some as Pratham膩 罢补迟辫耻谤耻峁�a.

[2]:

See Pa. II. 2.3.

[3]:

See Pa. II. 1. 24.

[4]:

See V膩rttika under Pa. II. 1.37.Pa. II. 1.40.

[5]:

Pa. II. 1.40.

[6]:

But it is actually sixfold.