365bet娱乐

(6) (7) (8) [This verse illustrates 苍测奴苍补-pada (missing word), adhika-pada (superfluous word), and kathita-pada (repeated word):]

啶曕ぎ啶�-啶�啷佮�栢た 啶掂た啶氞た啶む�嵿ぐ啶膏�嵿く啶距さ啶оた啶� 啶曕��'啶�啶� 啶︵�冟し啷嵿�熰じ啷� 啶むぐ啶｀た-啶︵�佮す啶苦い啷�-啶む��啶班�嬥お啶距え啷嵿い啶�啷� 啶呧う啷嵿く 啶�啷嵿ぐ啶�啶距え啷嵿い啷嵿く啶� |
啶ㄠさ-啶溹げ啶оぐ-啶оぞ啶�啶� 啶多�嵿く啶距ぎ啶侧�嬧�權く啶� 啶曕た啶多�嬥ぐ啶� 啶曕げ啶�啶む�� 啶溹げ-啶曕�囙げ啶苦�� 啶�啶む�嵿い-啶�啶距い啶權�嵿��-啶曕�囙げ啶苦�� ||

kamala-mukhi vicitrasy膩vadhi岣� ko'pi d峁涐梗峁璦s 迟补谤补峁噄-诲耻丑颈迟峁�-t墨rop膩ntam adya 辫谤补测腻苍迟测腻 |
nava-jaladhara-诲丑腻尘腻 艣y膩malo鈥檡a峁� 办颈艣辞谤补岣� kalayati jala-keli峁� matta-尘腻迟补峁単补-办别濒颈岣� ||

kamala-mukhi鈥擮 lotus-faced girl; vicitrasya鈥攐f amazingness; 补惫补诲丑颈岣�鈥攖he limit; ka岣� api鈥攕ome particular (some indescribable); 诲峁涐梗峁璦岣�鈥攚as seen; 迟补谤补峁噄-诲耻丑颈迟峁�鈥攐f the 驰补尘耻苍腻 (鈥渢he daughter of the sun鈥�); 迟墨谤补鈥攐f the bank; 耻辫腻苍迟补尘鈥攖o the edge; adya鈥攖辞诲补测; 辫谤补测腻苍迟测腻鈥擺by me,] who was journeying; nava鈥拢别飞; jala-dhara鈥擺is like the luster] of a cloud (鈥渋t bears water鈥�); 诲丑腻尘腻鈥擧e whose luster; 艣测腻尘补濒补岣�鈥�dark blue; ayam鈥攖丑颈蝉; 办颈艣辞谤补岣�鈥攁诲辞濒别蝉肠别苍迟; kalayati鈥攎补办别蝉; jala-kelim鈥攚ater games; matta-尘腻迟补峁単补-办别濒颈岣�鈥擧e whose pastimes are like those of a mad elephant.

O lotus-faced girl, today while going to the bank of the 驰补尘耻苍腻, the ultimate limit of amazingness was seen. It was He, the dark blue teenager whose luster resembles the sheen of a new raincloud. He, whose games resemble those of a mad elephant, was engaged in water games. (础濒补峁卥腻谤补-办补耻蝉迟耻产丑补 10.83)

atra p奴rv膩rdhe mayeti pada峁� ny奴nam. t峁浤玹墨ye p膩de 艣测腻尘补濒补 ity adhikam. caturthe kelir iti kathita峁� ca.

The fault of 苍测奴苍补-pada (missing word) is in the first half of the verse: The word 尘补测腻 (by me) is missing (鈥渨as seen鈥� by me 鈥渨hile I was going鈥�).^[1]

The fault of adhika-pada (superfluous word) is in the third line: The word 艣测腻尘补濒补 (dark blue) is superfluous (because the idea that He is dark blue is already expressed with nava-jaladhara, new raincloud).

The fault of kathita-pada (repeated word) is in the fourth line: The word keli (game) is repeated.

Commentary:

The above example of adhika-pada (superfluous word) only illustrates punar-ukta (redundancy), a fault related to the meaning (补谤迟丑补-诲辞峁�a) (7.88). In this regard Baladeva Vidy膩bh奴峁�a峁嘺 folllows Kavikar峁嘺p奴ra. According to Mamma峁璦 and 痴颈艣惫补苍腻迟丑补 碍补惫颈谤腻箩补, however, adhika-pada consists of a superfluous word. Mamma峁璦鈥檚 example is: 蝉辫丑补峁璱办腻办峁泃颈-苍颈谤尘补濒补岣�, 鈥減ure like the form of crystal鈥� (碍腻惫测补-辫谤补办腻艣补 verse 221). The word 腻办峁泃颈 (form) is superfluous. It should have been said 蝉辫丑补峁璱办腻-苍颈谤尘补濒补岣�, 鈥減ure like crystal.鈥� 痴颈艣惫补苍腻迟丑补 碍补惫颈谤腻箩补 gives this example: pallav腻办峁泃颈-rakto峁ａ弓h墨, 鈥渟he whose lips are red and are the form of a blossom鈥� (厂腻丑颈迟测补-诲补谤辫补峁嘺 7.8): According to him, the word 腻办峁泃颈 (form) is superfluous^[2] because that meaning is already included in the analysis of a compound as a metaphor. Arguably, it is not faulty because the writer clearly expressed a metaphor, otherwise the compound could be interpreted as a simile (she has red blossom-like lips).

The fault called kathita-pada (repeated word) is a repetition of a word. Still, 痴颈艣惫补苍腻迟丑补 碍补惫颈谤腻箩补 uses the word punar-ukta (redundancy) both for the repetition of a word and for the repetition of a meaning.

Kathita-pada is not only a repetition in the same line. Mamma峁璦鈥檚 example is that the word 濒墨濒腻 in the first line of a verse is repeated in the fourth (碍腻惫测补-辫谤补办腻艣补, verse 223). However, the repetition of a word is not faulty under special circumstances (7.76).

Footnotes and references:

[back to top]

[1]:

The word 尘补测腻 (by me) needs to be supplied to the participle 辫谤补测腻苍迟测腻 (while going).

[2]:

atr腻办峁泃颈-padam adhikam (厂腻丑颈迟测补-诲补谤辫补峁嘺 7.8).