Merkitys: Atman
Englanniksi: Atman
Vaihtoehtoinen kirjoitusasu: Atmans
Huomaa: Alla olevat esimerkit ovat vain suuntaa antavia, eivätkä ne edusta suoraa käännöstä tai lainausta. Sinun vastuullasi on tarkistaa tosiasiat totuuden varalta.
Buddhalainen käsite 'Atman'
Atman, its essence in Mahayana, is one of the six acintyas according to Asanga. It discusses the self and its incomprehensible aspects [1].
The Buddha and early Buddhists viewed Atman as a mistaken concept of permanence regarding the soul or self, a term from Indian philosophy [2].
Hindu käsite 'Atman'
Atman, the Finnish concept representing the "Atman" (or: "Atman") in Hinduism, is frequently described as the eternal self or soul [3]. This true self transcends the physical body and embodies individual identity [4]. It's a focal point in spiritual offerings and rituals, considered the embodiment of the Divine [5]. This self is also the essence of individual consciousness [6]. Purified before mantra practices [7], it seeks unity with the divine [8]. The self is eternal and unchanging, free from duality [9]. The individual self is a part of the greater Brahman [10].
The soul departs the body at death, carrying mind and intelligence [11]. It is also the essence beyond physical and mental identities [12]. This peaceful essence represents the core of existence [13]. Rama identified it as the ultimate reality pervading all [14]. The individual soul is distinct from the body and mind, eternal and unchanging [15]. In philosophy, the self is non-dual Brahman [16]. It is beyond the transformations of the physical world [17]. Identified with Brahman, it exists in everything [18]. The self is crucial to understanding the relationship between individual existence and universal reality [19]. It is eternal and distinct from the physical body .
Brahma embodies the unchanging Self in creation . It's eternal and beyond the physical realm . Connected to universal consciousness, often equated with Brahman . It is meditated upon and merged with Shiva . Practices like Nyasa aim to unite it with Shiva . The universal spirit created the universe and is the supreme lord . The self is denoted by the first five names, signifying aspects other than ultimate reality . Practices connect with the higher self .
It is the essence of life, protected and revered . The Supreme Soul is often associated with Lord Vishnu . Sages were established in the inner selves . The ultimate reality in individual existence is revered in spiritual teachings . It's the dearest kinsman for achieving Dharma, Artha, Kama, and Moksha . Brahma perceives the inner self during meditation . It is the eleventh aspect of the divine in the Rudras .
Yoga invokes the Universal Soul, representing collective consciousness . The eternal self remains unchanged, independent of material existence . The Soul is changeless and self-existent, distinct from the changing body . It is a focus of spiritual inquiry and realization . It is realized when the mind transcends the three states . The true essence of an individual contrasts with the physical body . The inner self is distinct from the body and mind, embodying pure consciousness .
In philosophical discourse, it is contrasted with the physical body [20]. It is central to personal identity and morality [21]. It is one with the universal soul, Brahman, but experiences separateness due to Maya [22]. It is eternal and part of the universal Atman [23]. It is ultimately identical to Parameshvara [24]. The self is identical to Brahman according to Vedanta [25]. It plays a role in creation and individual existence [26]. Through pure actions, it can lead to complete Release [27]. It is the highest state of existence and consciousness [28].
It is eternal and the essence of consciousness . It is impervious to physical and mental limitations . The true self is beyond the physical body . It is associated with knowledge and meditation . The self is the physical body of Shiva and crucial for living beings .
In Natyashastra, it refers to Rama as the essence of all beings .
In Kavya, it is contrasted with what is not the self [29].
In Yoga, it's the Reality distinguished from non-Atman [30]. It shines forth, free from gunas [31]. In Vedanta, it is the innermost Self, part of the greater Reality [32]. It is pure and eternal, with which the mind becomes one [33]. The independent self is fundamentally different from the gunas [34]. Our real nature is eternally free, "One without a second" [35]. It's present in the inner shrine of the body [36]. It represents the universal soul [37]. The inner true self is the ultimate reality [38]. It becomes sentient through contact with the body .
In Ayurveda, it plays a role in consciousness development [39]. It is eternal and conscious [40].
In Vyakarana, it signifies the soul's journey . It is associated with Brahman, indicating oneness .
In Vedanta, it is the origin of all things [41]. It is the individual soul, part of the eternal Brahman [42]. It is the changeless and eternal essence [43]. It describes Brahman as the self of all [44]. It is hard to comprehend without mental focus [45]. It is beyond Samsara [46]. It is the essence of an individual, ultimately Brahman [47]. It is believed to be identical with Brahman upon realization [48]. It represents the non-dual essence of Brahman within all forms [49]. It identifies with the higher truth [50]. It remains unchanged and consistent [51]. It is the ultimate reality, not to be confused with individual souls [52]. It manifests the diversity of entities [53]. It is ultimately non-different from the One Absolute Self [54].
It is the Supreme Reality, eternal and non-dual [55]. It is associated with states of consciousness [56]. It is the substratum of all ideas [57]. It is unborn and not subject to experiences [58]. It is non-dual, emphasizing the illusory nature of experiences [59]. It is the ultimate reality in one’s being [60]. It remains unchanged and unique [61]. It is beyond expression, representing peace and effulgence [62]. It is within and without, characterized as unborn [63]. It is identified with Turiya [64]. It is the indivisible essence underlying perceived objects [65]. It is the Supreme Self, similar to Akasha [66]. It is the cause of the universe, aligning with Prajna [67]. It is the innermost Self, considered pure and unaffected by evils [68]. It permeates all existence, encased by the five sheaths [69]. It is eternal, unborn, and non-dual [70]. Yogis perceive it in relation to the mind [71]. It is distinct from the body and experiences [72]. It is the Embodiment of Knowledge [73]. It is beyond the five sheaths [74].
It is the Supreme Reality to focus on [75]. It should be identified with, contrasting with non-Self elements [76]. It is the essence of individuality, constant despite transience [77]. It is birthless, eternal, and undecaying [78]. It is equated with the essence of the universe [79]. It is self-cognised [80]. External desires must be transcended to realize it [81]. It has no bondage or liberation imposed upon it [82]. It is one's ultimate wealth and power [83]. It is the source of bliss and infinite majesty [84]. The Knower is not affected by physical conditions [85]. It represents ultimate reality and truth [86]. It is equated with Brahman [87]. It is the individual self, often the true essence [88]. It remains unattached and unaffected [89]. It is already pure and perfect, obscured by ignorance [90]. It manifests when correct knowledge is present [91]. It is the Reality and Embodiment of Bliss, unaffected by destruction [92]. It is the One without a second [93]. It is the Self, unaffected even when limbs are lost [94]. It is beyond the material and subtle sheaths [95]. It is distinct from the gross and subtle universes [96]. It is realized through reflection [97]. It transcends all changes [98]. It is beyond physical existence [99]. It transcends the three bodies [100]. It is a reflection of a greater universal spirit [101]. It represents individual consciousness [102]. It represents pure consciousness and ultimate reality [103]. It is not influenced by actions or Karma [104]. It manifests its pure essence once nescience is removed [105]. It remains unchanged despite Maya [106]. It is distinct from the unreal [107].
It is realized through knowledge [108]. It represents pure consciousness and oneness [109]. One should understand and protect it [110]. It is veiled by ignorance [111]. It is identified with Brahman [112]. It controls the mind [113]. It embodies the highest reality [114]. It is recognized as Brahman [115]. It can become one with Brahman [116]. It cannot be attained without certain aids [117]. It is distinct from the physical body [118]. It is the true object of desire once knowledge is gained [119]. It is eternal and one with the universal spirit [120]. It embodies intelligence [121]. It is the true essence of a person [122]. It is untainted and embodies all intelligence [123]. It is eternal and transcendent [124]. It transcends physical existence and is related to Brahman [125]. It is the perceiver and enjoyer of objects [126]. It embodies a duality of attributes [127]. It is the highest purusha, from which Prana is born [128]. It is central to spiritual enlightenment [129]. It is distinct from the physical body [130]. It is central to meditation and understanding one's nature [131].
It acts through prana and is essential for the body [132]. It is the eternal essence and ultimate reality . It is recognized as 'aham', embodying self-luminosity . It is discussed in relation to knowledge and experience . It is the receptacle of all experiences [133]. It is universal and immortal [134]. It leads to enlightenment [135]. It is the root of existence [136].
It is the support and substratum of knowledge . It can lead to liberation . It is immortal and distinct from the body . It is eternal, conscious, and blissful . It is realized through spiritual practices . It is distinct from physical identity and societal classifications . It is the cognizer of sensory experiences . It is inherently pure and immortal .
In Advaita Vedanta, it is fundamentally the same as Brahman . It is the fundamental essence of being . Shankara describes it as distinct from the physical body .
It represents the essence of being [137]. It is the life and essence of all Devas [138]. It is ultimately identified as Brahman [139]. It is often equated with Brahman [140]. It is part of Brahman [141]. It is to be realized as non-different from Brahman [142]. It is the spirit of the Purusha [143]. It is eternal and indestructible [144]. It should be understood as singular [145]. It is central to self-realization [146]. It is likened to beads [147]. It seeks unity with higher states [148]. It is identified with the ultimate reality [149]. It is realized through yoga [150]. Brihadratha seeks to understand it [151]. Paramahamsas meditate upon it [152]. It is synonymous with Brahman [153]. It is the essence that should be worshipped [154]. It reflects spiritual essence [155]. It is part of the universal essence [156]. It encompasses everything [157]. It is pure awareness and bliss [158]. It is pure and unaffected [159]. It transcends the physical body [160].
Its correct understanding is critical to Self-knowledge [161]. It is non-different from Brahman [162]. It is identical with Brahman [163]. It is deemed non-different from Brahman [164].
In Shaktism, it is eternal and transcendent [165]. It is eternal and fundamental to understanding reality [166]. It is the true essence [167].
In Shaivism, it is non-different from Brahman . It is identified as Brahman . It is the individual self, becoming one with Brahman . It is the root cause of the universe .
In Dharmashastra, it is the self or soul [168].
Atman käsite paikallisissa ja alueellisissa lähteissä
Suomalaisessa filosofiassa ja historiassa Atman, eli itseyys, on keskeinen käsite, joka kuvaa yksilön sisäistä olemusta. Se on ikuinen ja muuttumaton perusta, joka on erillinen kehosta ja mielestä. Atmanin ymmärtäminen on avainasemassa henkisessä kehityksessä ja vapautumisessa. Se on usein samastettu Brahmanin, eli korkeimman todellisuuden kanssa, mikä korostaa yksilön ja universumin ykseyttä [169].
Atmanin käsite korostaa, että ihmisen todellinen olemus on jumalallinen ja kuolematon, ylittäen fyysisen olemassaolon [170]. Se on pohjimmiltaan sama kaikissa olennoissa, ja sen tavoitteena on ymmärtää ja kokea tämä ykseys [171]. Tämä käsitys vaikuttaa vahvasti myös jooga- ja meditaatiokäytäntöihin, jotka pyrkivät hiljentämään mielen ja löytämään yhteyden Atmaniin [172].
Atmanin tavoittelu ei ole pelkästään teoreettista, vaan vaatii aktiivista itsensä tutkimista ja henkistä harjoitusta [173]. Tämä voi sisältää itsensä tunnistamista ja erottamista mielestä ja kehosta, sekä pyrkimystä ymmärtää itsensä todellinen luonne [174]. Itsetuntemus onkin avain Atmanin oivaltamiseen [175].
Atmanin olemassaoloa ei voi tavoittaa pelkästään järjellä, puheella tai pyhien kirjoitusten lukemisella, vaan sen kokeminen vaatii sydämen avautumista [176]. Atman on kaiken yläpuolella, ääö ja tuntematon, ja sen kautta näemme universumin ja sen todellisuuden [177]. Se on se, mikä havaitsee mielen, mutta ei ole itsestään valaistu [178].
Atmanin ymmärtäminen vaikuttaa myös elämänasenteeseen ja arvoihin. Se kannustaa ihmisiä etsimään yhteyttä muihin ja universumiin [179]. Kun Atmanin todellisuus ymmärretään, katoaa myös sukupuolten välinen ero [180]. Atmanin oivaltaminen on korkein tavoite ja kaikkiin harjoituksiin [181].
Tämä käsite on läsnä monissa intialaisissa filosofioissa ja uskonnoissa, kuten hindulaisuudessa ja vedalaisuudessa, ja sen merkitys ulottuu myös henkisiin harjoituksiin, kuten joogaan ja meditaatioon [182]. Atmanin ja Brahmanin ykseyden oivaltaminen onkin vapautumisen päämäärä [183]. Atman on myös ratkaisu ja suurin kaikista [184]. Sitä ei voi tavoittaa heikkona [185]. Se on henkisen ymmärryksen ydin [186]. Atman on se, mikä ei kuole [187]. Se on myös sielu tai itsetietoisuus [188]. Atmanin ymmärtäminen on keskeinen osa itsetuntemusta ja henkistä kehitystä, ja sen ymmärtäminen on keskeinen osa vapautumista ja valaistumista [189]. Se on myös se, joka ei koskaan muutu [190].
Atman käsite tieteellisissä lähteissä
Atma, eli itsen, käsitetään tieteessä sieluna tai itsenä ayurvedisissa tutkimuksissa, jossa se on vuorovaikutuksessa Dnyanendriyan kanssa hankkiakseen tietoa aistien kautta . Ayurveda-kontekstissa Atma on sielu tai itse, joka ohjaa fyysisiä ja henkisiä toimintoja Indriyasin ja Manan koordinaation kautta, ja sitä pidetään kuolemattomana kunnes se saavuttaa Mokshan .
Se on olennainen osa yksilön elämää ja terveyttä ayurvedassa . Atma ohjaa henkilökohtaista identiteettiä, terveyttä ja karman vaikutusta eri elämässä . Aatma edustaa sielua tai itseä, joka on tärkeä yksilön kokonaisvaltaisen terveyden kannalta .
Se on erillinen fyysisestä kehosta ja ayurvedan korkein entiteetti . Sielu tai tietoisuus asuu garbha (alkiossa) ja vastaa sen elämästä ja kehityksestä syntymään asti . Atma on universaali olemus, joka tulee fyysiseen kehoon, edustaen itseä tai sielua .
Lähteet ja viitteet lisälukemista varten
Yllä oleva luettelo perustuu useisiin (englanninkielisiin) artikkeleihin buddhalaisuudesta, hindulaisuudesta, jainismista, historiasta ja muista henkisistä perinteistä. Käytetyt lähteet ja lisätietoja siitä, mitä “Atman� symboloi, löytyy alta:
-) Maha Prajnaparamita Sastra door Gelongma Karma Migme Chödrön: ^(1), ^(2)
-) Devi Bhagavata Purana door Swami Vijñanananda: ^(3), ^(4), ^(5), ^(7), ^(8), ^(9), ^(10), ^(11)
-) Laghu-yoga-vasistha door K. Narayanasvami Aiyar: ^(6), ^(12), ^(13), ^(14), ^(15), ^(16), ^(17), ^(18), ^(19)
-) Bhagavad-gita-rahasya (or Karma-yoga Shastra) door Bhalchandra Sitaram Sukthankar: ^(20), ^(21), ^(22), ^(23), ^(24), ^(25), ^(26), ^(27), ^(28)
-) Kathasaritsagara (the Ocean of Story) door Somadeva: ^(29)
-) Yoga-sutras (Vedanta Commentaries): ^(30), ^(31), ^(32), ^(33), ^(34), ^(35), ^(36), ^(37), ^(38)
-) Sushruta Samhita, volume 3: Sharirasthana door Kaviraj Kunja Lal Bhishagratna: ^(39)
-) History of Indian Medicine (and Ayurveda) door Shree Gulabkunverba Ayurvedic Society: ^(40)
-) Brahma Sutras (Shankara Bhashya) door Swami Vireshwarananda: ^(41), ^(42), ^(43), ^(44), ^(45)
-) Taittiriya Upanishad door A. Mahadeva Sastri: ^(46), ^(47), ^(48), ^(49)
-) Mandukya Upanishad door Kenneth Jaques: ^(50), ^(51), ^(52), ^(53), ^(54)
-) Mandukya Upanishad (Gaudapa Karika and Shankara Bhashya) door Swami Nikhilananda: ^(55), ^(56), ^(57), ^(58), ^(59), ^(60), ^(61), ^(62), ^(63), ^(64), ^(65), ^(66), ^(67), ^(68), ^(69), ^(70), ^(71), ^(72)
-) Vivekachudamani door Shankara: ^(73), ^(74), ^(75), ^(76), ^(77), ^(78), ^(79), ^(80), ^(81), ^(82), ^(83), ^(84), ^(85), ^(86), ^(87), ^(88), ^(89), ^(90), ^(91), ^(92), ^(93), ^(94), ^(95), ^(96), ^(97), ^(98), ^(99), ^(100), ^(101), ^(102), ^(103), ^(104), ^(105), ^(106), ^(107)
-) Ishavasya Upanishad with Shankara Bhashya (Sitarama) door S. Sitarama Sastri: ^(108), ^(109), ^(110), ^(111)
-) Kena Upanishad with Shankara’s Commentary door S. Sitarama Sastri: ^(112), ^(113), ^(114)
-) Mundaka Upanishad with Shankara’s Commentary door S. Sitarama Sastri: ^(115), ^(116), ^(117), ^(118), ^(119), ^(120)
-) Katha Upanishad with Shankara’s Commentary door S. Sitarama Sastri: ^(121), ^(122), ^(123), ^(124), ^(125), ^(126), ^(127)
-) Prashna Upanishad with Shankara’s Commentary door S. Sitarama Sastri: ^(128), ^(129), ^(130), ^(131)
-) Chandogya Upanishad (english Translation) door Swami Lokeswarananda: ^(132)
-) Isopanisad (Madhva commentary) door Srisa Chandra Vasu: ^(133)
-) Mundaka Upanishad (Madhva commentary) door Srisa Chandra Vasu: ^(134)
-) Mandukya Upanishad (Madhva commentary) door Srisa Chandra Vasu: ^(135)
-) Brahma Sutras (Ramanuja) door George Thibaut: ^(136)
-) Thirty minor Upanishads door K. Narayanasvami Aiyar: ^(137), ^(138), ^(139), ^(140), ^(141), ^(142), ^(143), ^(144), ^(145), ^(146), ^(147), ^(148), ^(149), ^(150), ^(151), ^(152), ^(153), ^(154), ^(155), ^(156), ^(157), ^(158), ^(159), ^(160)
-) Taittiriya Upanishad Bhashya Vartika door R. Balasubramanian: ^(161), ^(162), ^(163), ^(164)
-) Shakti and Shakta door John Woodroffe: ^(165), ^(166), ^(167)
-) Manusmriti with the Commentary of Medhatithi door Ganganatha Jha: ^(168)
-) Triveni Journal: ^(169), ^(170), ^(182), ^(186)
-) The Complete Works of Swami Vivekananda door Srila Narayana Maharaja: ^(171), ^(172), ^(173), ^(174), ^(175), ^(176), ^(177), ^(178), ^(179), ^(180), ^(181), ^(183), ^(184), ^(185), ^(187), ^(189), ^(190)