Vyasana, Vyashana: 23 definitions

Introduction
In Hinduism
1. Purana
2. Ganitashastra
3. Yoga
4. Arts
5. Vaishnavism
In Buddhism
1. Mahayana
In Jainism
1. General definition
India history
Languages
1. Pali
2. Marathi
3. Sanskrit
4. Hindi
5. Kannada
6. Nepali
See also
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Introduction:

Vyasana means something in Buddhism, Pali, Hinduism, Sanskrit, Jainism, Prakrit, the history of ancient India, Marathi, Hindi. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.

Alternative spellings of this word include Vyasan.

In Hinduism

Purana and Itihasa (epic history)

: archive.org: Shiva Purana - English Translation

Vyasana (啶掂啶じ啶�) refers to 鈥渄issipation鈥� (of one鈥檚 courage), according to the 艢ivapur腻峁嘺 2.3.19 (鈥淜腻ma鈥檚 destruction by 艢iva鈥�).鈥擜ccordingly, as Brahm腻 said to N腻rada: 鈥淥 dear one, hear the story of what happened thereafter. Out of love for me I shall recount 艢iva鈥檚 sports that bring about joy. On seeing the dissipation [i.e., vyasana] of His courage, lord 艢iva, the great Yogin, thought within Himself wondering much鈥�.

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The Purana (啶啶班ぞ啶�, pur腻峁嘺s) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India鈥檚 vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.

Ganitashastra (Mathematics and Algebra)

: archive.org: Hindu Mathematics

Vyasana (啶掂啶じ啶�) represents the number 7 (seven) in the 鈥渨ord-numeral system鈥� (产丑奴迟补蝉补峁僰丑测腻), which was used in Sanskrit texts dealing with astronomy, mathematics, metrics, as well as in the dates of inscriptions and manuscripts in ancient Indian literature.鈥擜 system of expressing numbers by means of words arranged as in the place-value notation was developed and perfected in India in the early centuries of the Christian era. In this system the numerals [e.g., 7鈥�vyasana] are expressed by names of things, beings or concepts, which, naturally or in accordance with the teaching of the 艢腻stras, connote numbers.

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Ganita (啶椸ぃ啶苦い) or Ganitashastra refers to the ancient Indian science of mathematics, algebra, number theory, arithmetic, etc. Closely allied with astronomy, both were commonly taught and studied in universities, even since the 1st millennium BCE. Ganita-shastra also includes ritualistic math-books such as the Shulba-sutras.

Yoga (school of philosophy)

: ORA: Amanaska (king of all yogas): A Critical Edition and Annotated Translation by Jason Birch

Vyasana (啶掂啶じ啶�) refers to 鈥渁ttachment鈥�, according to the Amanaska Yoga treatise dealing with meditation, absorption, yogic powers and liberation.鈥擜ccordingly, as 莫艣vara says to V腻madeva: 鈥淸...] [Though] one may with difficulty master the breath by various Mudr腻s which are based upon physical torture; [though] one may control the flows [of the various vital airs] in all the channels located in one鈥檚 body; and though one may accomplish the dubious [act] of going into another鈥檚 body, there is certainly no attainment of liberation for one whose happiness is solely attached (eka-vyasana) to knowledge [of these] [惫颈箩帽腻苍补颈办补惫测补蝉补苍补蝉耻办丑颈苍辞]. [...]鈥�.

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Yoga is originally considered a branch of Hindu philosophy (astika), but both ancient and modern Yoga combine the physical, mental and spiritual. Yoga teaches various physical techniques also known as 腻sanas (postures), used for various purposes (eg., meditation, contemplation, relaxation).

Sports, Arts and Entertainment (wordly enjoyments)

: archive.org: Syainika Sastra of Rudradeva with English Translation (art)

Vyasana (啶掂啶じ啶�) refers to 鈥渁ddictions鈥� or 鈥渧ices鈥�, according to the 艢测补颈苍颈办补-艣腻蝉迟谤补: a Sanskrit treatise dealing with the divisions and benefits of Hunting and Hawking, written by R腻j腻 Rudradeva (or Candradeva) in possibly the 13th century.鈥擜ccordingly, 鈥淸...] Among these [sports], eighteen things are mentioned which are known as vyasana (addictions or vices), and without these the senses are useless, and these eighteen are the real causes of exquisite delight. If practised in proper season and within proper bounds, they contribute largely to the delight of all persons, especially of kings. The writers of the 艢腻stras always deprecate these vyasanas, and stories are current of the fall of those who were addicted to them. [...]鈥�.

There are eighteen Addictions or Vices (vyasana):

惫腻办辫腻谤耻峁补 or 惫腻驳诲补峁囜笉补 (rudeness of speech),
诲补峁囜笉补辫腻谤耻峁补 (severity of punishment),
墨谤峁腻 (envy),
补蝉奴测腻 (disparagement),
蝉腻丑补蝉补 (rashness),
补谤迟丑补诲奴峁峁嘺 (abuse of money),
辫补颈艣耻苍测补 (fault finding),
krodha (anger),
蝉迟谤墨 (women),
补办峁 (gambling),
尘补诲颈谤腻 (wine),
驳墨迟腻 (vocal music),
苍峁泃测补 (dancing),
惫腻诲测补 (instrumental music),
惫峁泃丑腻峁璦苍补 (strolling),
辫补谤辞办峁苍颈苍诲补 (back-biting),
补丑补岣惫补辫苍补 or 诲颈惫腻蝉惫补辫苍补 (sleeping in the day),
尘峁沢补测腻 (hunting).

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This section covers the skills and profiencies of the Kalas (鈥減erforming arts鈥�) and Shastras (鈥渟ciences鈥�) involving ancient Indian traditions of sports, games, arts, entertainment, love-making and other means of wordly enjoyments. Traditionally these topics were dealt with in Sanskrit treatises explaing the philosophy and the justification of enjoying the pleasures of the senses.

Vaishnavism (Vaishava dharma)

: Vallabh: Nirodha-lakshana

Vyasana (啶掂啶じ啶�) refers to 鈥�(the intense state of) yearning鈥�, according to the Nirodhal补办峁峁嘺 (lit. 鈥渃haracteristics of restraint鈥�) written by 艢r墨 Vallabh腻c腻rya for his disciples.鈥擜s soon as the essence of nirodha (鈥渞estraint鈥�) is realized, its effect, namely this intense state of yearning (惫测补蝉补苍补-诲补艣腻), starts to manifest. The ecstatic bliss felt in Bhagav腻n鈥檚 presence and the inability to bear even a moment of separation from Him is regarded as the effect (办腻谤测补) of nirodha.

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Vaishnava (啶掂啶粪啶｀さ, vai峁ａ箛ava) or vaishnavism (vai峁ａ箛avism) represents a tradition of Hinduism worshipping Vishnu as the supreme Lord. Similar to the Shaktism and Shaivism traditions, Vaishnavism also developed as an individual movement, famous for its exposition of the dashavatara (鈥榯en avatars of Vishnu鈥�).

In Buddhism

Mahayana (major branch of Buddhism)

: De Gruyter: A Buddhist Ritual Manual on Agriculture

Vyasana (啶掂啶じ啶�) refers to 鈥渕isfortune鈥�, according to the 痴补箩谤补迟耻峁囜笉补蝉补尘补测补办补濒辫补谤腻箩补, an ancient Buddhist ritual manual on agriculture from the 5th-century (or earlier), containing various instructions for the Sangha to provide agriculture-related services to laypeople including rain-making, weather control and crop protection.鈥擜ccordingly, [after the Bhagav腻n entered the assembly of N腻gas], 鈥淭hen the Four Great Kings bowed to the Bhagav腻n with their hands put together and addressed him, 鈥淥 Bhagav腻n, extremely frightening great dangers have arisen in the world. Namely, drought, famine, calamities. O Bhagav腻n, all beings have become defenceless and refugeless because of this misfortune (vyasana). [...]鈥欌€�.

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Mahayana (啶す啶距く啶距え, mah腻y腻na) is a major branch of Buddhism focusing on the path of a Bodhisattva (spiritual aspirants/ enlightened beings). Extant literature is vast and primarely composed in the Sanskrit language. There are many 蝉奴迟谤补蝉 of which some of the earliest are the various Praj帽腻p腻ramit腻蝉奴迟谤补蝉.

In Jainism

General definition (in Jainism)

: The University of Sydney: A study of the Twelve Reflections

Vyasana (啶掂啶じ啶�) refers to 鈥渕isfortune鈥�, according to the 11th century J帽腻n腻r峁嘺va, a treatise on Jain Yoga in roughly 2200 Sanskrit verses composed by 艢ubhacandra.鈥擜ccordingly, 鈥淲hen dwelling in a house, [a lifestyle] which is full of great misfortune (尘补丑腻-惫测补蝉补苍补-蝉补峁僰墨谤峁嘺) [and] exceedingly despicable, victory over carelessness cannot be achieved even by the very wise. The unsteady mind cannot be subdued by householders. Therefore, the state of a householder is abandoned by wise men for peace of mind鈥�.

Synonyms: Ka峁ａ弓a.

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Jainism is an Indian religion of Dharma whose doctrine revolves around harmlessness (ahimsa) towards every living being. The two major branches (Digambara and Svetambara) of Jainism stimulate self-control (or, shramana, 鈥榮elf-reliance鈥�) and spiritual development through a path of peace for the soul to progess to the ultimate goal.

India history and geography

: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Indian Epigraphical Glossary

Vyasana.鈥�(CII 1), misfortune. Note: vyasana is defined in the 鈥淚ndian epigraphical glossary鈥� as it can be found on ancient inscriptions commonly written in Sanskrit, Prakrit or Dravidian languages.

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The history of India traces the identification of countries, villages, towns and other regions of India, as well as mythology, zoology, royal dynasties, rulers, tribes, local festivities and traditions and regional languages. Ancient India enjoyed religious freedom and encourages the path of Dharma, a concept common to Buddhism, Hinduism, and Jainism.

Languages of India and abroad

Pali-English dictionary

: BuddhaSasana: Concise Pali-English Dictionary

vyasana : (nt.) misfortune; ruin; destruction.

: Sutta: The Pali Text Society's Pali-English Dictionary

Vyasana, (nt.) (fr. vy+as) misfortune, misery, ruin, destruction, loss D. I, 248; S. III, 137 (anaya掳); IV, 159; A. I, 33; V, 156 sq. 317 (several); Sn. 694 (掳gata ruined); Pv. I, 6⁴ (=dukkha PvA. 33); III, 5⁶ (=anattha PvA. 199); Vbh. 99 sq. 137; VbhA. 102 (several); PvA. 4, 103, 112; Sdhp. 499.鈥擳he 5 vyasanas are: 帽腻ti掳, bhoga掳, roga掳, s墨la掳, di峁弓hi掳 or misfortune concerning one鈥檚 relations, wealth, health, character, views. Thus at D. III, 235; A. III, 147; Vin. IV, 277. (Page 653)

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Pali is the language of the Tipi峁璦ka, which is the sacred canon of Therav腻da Buddhism and contains much of the Buddha鈥檚 speech. Closeley related to Sanskrit, both languages are used interchangeably between religions.

Marathi-English dictionary

: DDSA: The Molesworth Marathi and English Dictionary

vyasana (啶掂啶じ啶�).鈥攏 (S) Inordinate liking or taking to, addictedness: also a bad habit; a vitious practice or trick. 2 S A sin, a vice, a criminal pursuit. 3 S Devoted attachment or intent application to. 4 S A calamity. sam腻na vyasan腻c膿峁� sakhya Union or consociation of persons of the same habits, pursuits, likings: also that union which consists in or which is effected by sameness of habits &c. 2 Union &c. of persons affected by one common calamity: also union produced by a common calamity.

: DDSA: The Aryabhusan school dictionary, Marathi-English

vyasana (啶掂啶じ啶�).鈥�n Addictedness. A bad habit; a vice. A calamity.

context information

Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.

Sanskrit dictionary

: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary

Vyasana (啶掂啶じ啶�).鈥�1 Casting away, dispelling.

2) Separating, dividing.

3) Violation, infraction; 啶多啶侧さ啷嵿く啶膏え啶啶むい啷嵿い啷� 啶ㄠぞ啶た啶溹ぞ啶ㄠぞ- 啶啶す啶� 啶啶班ぞ (艣墨lavyasanametatte n腻bhij腻n腻- myaha峁� pur腻) R腻m.2.12.57; 碍颈谤腻迟腻谤箩耻苍墨测补 3.45.

4) Loss, destruction, defeat, fall; defection, weak point; 啶呧ぎ啶距い啷嵿く啶掂啶じ啶ㄠぎ啷� (补尘腻迟测补惫测补蝉补苍补尘) 笔补帽肠补迟补苍迟谤补 (Bombay) 3; 啶膏啶掂が啶侧さ啷嵿く啶膏え啷� (svabalavyasane) 碍颈谤腻迟腻谤箩耻苍墨测补 13.15; 艢i艣up腻lavadha 2.57.

5) (a) A calamity, misfortune, distress, evil, disaster, ill-luck; 啶呧啷嵿啶距い啶ぐ啷嵿い啷冟さ啷嵿く啶膏え啶� 啶啶灌啶班啶む 啶曕啶む啶啶距ぐ啷囙さ啶班い啶苦ぐ啷嵿が啶啶� (aj帽腻tabhart峁泇yasan腻 muh奴rta峁� k峁泃opak腻reva ratirbabh奴va) Kum腻rasambhava 3.73;4.3; R.12.57. (b) Adversity, need; 啶� 啶膏啶灌啶︵ 啶掂啶じ啶ㄠ 啶 啶膏啶ぞ啶む (sa suh峁沝 vyasane ya岣� sy腻t) 笔补帽肠补迟补苍迟谤补 (Bombay) 1.327 'a friend in need is a friend indeed'.

6) Setting (as of the sun &c.); 啶む啶溹啶︵啶掂く啶膏啶� 啶啶椸お啶︵ 啶掂啶じ啶ㄠ啶︵く啶距き啷嵿く啶距ぎ啷� (tejodvayasya yugapad vyasanoday腻bhy腻m) 艢.4.1 (where vyasana means 'a fall' also).

7) Vice, bad practice, evil habit; 啶た啶ム啶啶� 啶掂啶じ啶ㄠ 啶掂う啶ㄠ啶むた啶啶椸く啶距ぎ啷€啶︵啶椸 啶掂た啶ㄠ啶︵ 啶曕啶む (mithyaiva vyasana峁� vadanti 尘峁沢补测腻m墨d峁沢 vinoda岣� kuta岣�) 艢.2.5; R.18.14; Y.1.31; (these vices are usually said to be ten; see Manusm峁泃i 7.47-48); 啶膏ぎ啶距え啶多啶侧さ啷嵿く啶膏え啷囙し啷� 啶膏啷嵿く啶 (sam腻na艣墨lavyasane峁 sakhyam) 厂耻产丑腻峁�.

8) Close or intent application, assiduous devotion; 啶掂た啶︵啶ぞ啶ぞ啶� 啶掂啶じ啶ㄠぎ啷� (vidy腻y腻峁� vyasanam) 叠丑补谤迟峁沨补谤颈 2.62,63.

9) Inordinate addiction.

1) Crime, sin.

11) Punishment.

12) Inability, incompetency.

13) Fruitless effort.

14) Air, wind.

15) Individuality.

Derivable forms: vyasanam (啶掂啶じ啶ㄠぎ啷�).

: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Vyasana (啶掂啶じ啶�).鈥攏.

(-苍补峁�) 1. Calamity, misfortune. 2. Fate. 3. Fault, vice, crime, frailty, arising from desire, or from anger; ten vices or faults are enumerated under the first head; viz:鈥攈unting, gambling, sleeping in the day, calumny, whoring, dancing, singing, playing, idle roaming, and drinking; the second comprehends eight; viz:鈥攄epravity, violence, injury, envy, malice, fraud, abuse, and assault. 4. Sin. 5. Fated consequence. 6. Evil-destiny, ill-luck. 7. Fruitless effort. 8. Incompetence, inability. 9. Intent, application or attachment to an object. 10. Falling, (as opposed to udaya.) 11. Air, wind. 12. Individuality. 13. Loss, destruction. 14. Violation, infraction. 15. Punishment. E. vi before as to throw, &c., aff. lyu峁� .

: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Benfey Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Vyasana (啶掂啶じ啶�).鈥攊. e. vi-as + ana, n. 1. Calamity, misfortune, [Vikramorva艣墨, (ed. Bollensen.)] 59, 1; [笔补帽肠补迟补苍迟谤补] ii. [distich] 13; destruction, [M腻lat墨m腻dhava, (ed. Calc.)] 154, 13; loss, [碍颈谤腻迟腻谤箩耻苍墨测补] 13, 15. 2. Fate. 3. Ill luck. 4. Fruitless effort, [叠丑补谤迟峁沨补谤颈, (ed. Bohlen.)] 2, 96 (pl.). 5. Inability, incompetence (see the next). 6. Fauls, vice, [惭腻苍补惫补诲丑补谤尘补艣腻蝉迟谤补] 7, 45; [贬颈迟辞辫补诲别艣补] pr. [distich] 48, M. M.; crime. 7. Sin, [艢腻kuntala, (ed. B枚htlingk.)] [distich] 38. 8. Intent application or attachment to an object, [笔补帽肠补迟补苍迟谤补] i. [distich] 314; diligence, [贬颈迟辞辫补诲别艣补] i. [distich] 31, M.M. 9. Individuality.

: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Cappeller Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Vyasana (啶掂啶じ啶�).鈥擺neuter] moving hither and thither, activity, industry, propensity or devotion to, zeal for ([locative] or 鈥斅�); passion, whim, hobby, evil habit, vice; ill luck, adversity, calamity.

: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary

1) 痴测补艣补苍补 (啶掂啶ざ啶�):鈥擺=惫测-补艣补苍补] [from vy] 1. 惫测-补艣补苍补 mf(腻)n. (for 2. See p. 1034, col. 3) abstinence from eating, fasting, [Hariva峁兣沘]

2) [=惫测-补艣补苍补] [from 惫测-补艣] 2. 惫测-补艣补苍补 m. (for 1. See p. 1028, col. 3), [K腻峁環aka] (a word used in a [particular] formula; other forms are 惫补颈测补艣补苍补; 惫测-补艣niya, [Taittir墨ya-sa峁僪it腻]; 惫测-补艣nuvin, [V腻jasaneyi-sa峁僪it腻])

3) Vyasana (啶掂啶じ啶�):鈥擺=vy-asana] [from vy-as] n. moving to and fro, wagging (of a tail), [P腻峁噄ni 3-1, 20], [vArttika] 3

4) [v.s. ...] throwing (effort) into, assiduity, industry, [叠丑补谤迟峁沨补谤颈; Subh腻峁t腻vali]

5) [v.s. ...] separation, individuality, [Horace H. Wilson]

6) [v.s. ...] attachment or devotion or addiction to ([locative case] or [compound]), passion, ([especially]) evil passion, sin, crime, vice (said to arise either from love of pleasure or from anger; eight are enumerated under the first head, viz. 尘峁沢补测腻, 诲测奴迟补 or 补办峁, div腻-svapna, pariv腻da, 蝉迟谤颈测补岣�, mada, taurya-trika, v峁泃h腻ty腻; and eight under the second, viz. 辫补颈艣耻苍测补, 蝉腻丑补蝉补, droha, ir峁腻, 补蝉奴测腻 补谤迟丑补-诲奴峁峁嘺 惫腻办辫腻谤耻峁补, da峁囜笉a-p腻ru峁a, qq.vv.), [Manu-sm峁泃i vii, 47, 48; Mah腻bh腻rata] etc.

7) [v.s. ...] favourite pursuit or occupation, hobby, [Mah腻bh腻rata; 笔补帽肠补迟补苍迟谤补; R腻jatara峁単i峁嚹玗

8) [v.s. ...] evil predicament or plight, disaster, accident, evil result, calamity, misfortune (vyasan腻ni [plural] misfortunes), ill-luck, distress, destruction, defeat, fall, ruin, [Manu-sm峁泃i; Mah腻bh腻rata] etc.

9) [v.s. ...] setting (of sun or moon), [M峁沜chaka峁璱k腻; 艢akuntal腻]

10) [v.s. ...] fruitless effort, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasi峁僪a, hal腻yudha, hemacandra, etc.]

11) [v.s. ...] punishment, execution (of criminals), [Monier-Williams鈥� Sanskrit-English Dictionary]

12) [v.s. ...] incompetence, inability, [Horace H. Wilson]

13) [v.s. ...] air, wind, [ib.]

14) [v.s. ...] tale-bearing, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasi峁僪a, hal腻yudha, hemacandra, etc.]

: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Yates Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Vyasana (啶掂啶じ啶�):鈥�(苍补峁�) 1. n. Calamity; fate; vice; failure; air; individuality; attachment.

: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary (S)

Vyasana (啶掂啶じ啶�) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit word: 痴补蝉补峁嘺.

[Sanskrit to German]

context information

Sanskrit, also spelled 啶膏啶膏啶曕啶むぎ啷� (蝉补峁僺办峁泃补尘), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.

Hindi dictionary

: DDSA: A practical Hindi-English dictionary

Vyasana (啶掂啶じ啶�) [Also spelled vyasan]:鈥�(nm) addiction (esp. to a vice); besetting sin; —[pa岣峚n腻] to be/get addicted.

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Kannada-English dictionary

: Alar: Kannada-English corpus

Vyasana (嗖掂硩嗖哺嗖�):鈥�

1) [noun] intense emotional suffering caused by loss, disaster, misfortune, etc.; acute sorrow; deep sadness; grief.

2) [noun] a favourite pursuit or occupation.

3) [noun] a bad habit (which one is addicted to); an evil passion.

4) [noun] act of meditating; deep, continued thought; meditation.

5) [noun] 嗖掂硩嗖哺嗖ㄠ勃嗖∴硜 [vyasanapadu] to feel deep, acute sorrow or distress; to grieve.

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Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.

Nepali dictionary

: unoes: Nepali-English Dictionary

Vyasana (啶掂啶じ啶�):鈥攏. 1. addiction; vice; bad practice; evil habit; 2. crime; sin; 3. loss; destruction; defeat; fall; 4. calamity; misfortune; evil disaster;

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Nepali is the primary language of the Nepalese people counting almost 20 million native speakers. The country of Nepal is situated in the Himalaya mountain range to the north of India.

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Search found 58 books and stories containing Vyasana, Vyashana, 痴测补艣补苍补, Vy-ashana, Vy-a艣ana, Vy-asana; (plurals include: Vyasanas, Vyashanas, 痴测补艣补苍补s, ashanas, a艣anas, asanas). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:

Verse 6.2 < [Chapter 6 - Rules Pertaining to Birth]

Verse 8.20 < [Chapter 8 - The Birth of Sovereigns]

Verse 10.27 < [Chapter 10 - The Application of the Yogas of the Moon]

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Verse 7.45 < [Section IV - Duties of the King]

Verse 10.38 < [Section II - Mixed Castes]

Verse 9.295 < [Section XXXIX - The Seven 鈥楲imbs鈥� of the Kingdom (sapt腻峁単a)]

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Part 2.1 - 艢ilpil补办峁峁嘺 (Definition and classification of technicians) < [Chapter 4 - Pre-arrangement of Building Construction]

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