Pratima, 笔谤补迟颈尘腻: 39 definitions

Introduction
Image gallery
In Hinduism
1. Pancaratra
2. Shilpashastra
3. Dharmashastra
4. Purana
5. Jyotisha
6. Shaktism
7. Shaivism
8. Vastushastra
In Buddhism
1. Mahayana
In Jainism
1. General definition
India history
Languages
1. Marathi
2. Sanskrit
3. Hindi
4. Kannada
5. Nepali
See also
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Introduction:

Pratima means something in Buddhism, Pali, Hinduism, Sanskrit, Jainism, Prakrit, the history of ancient India, Marathi, Hindi. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.

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In Hinduism

Pancaratra (worship of N膩r膩ya峁嘺)

Source: Wisdom Library: Pancaratra (Samhita list)

笔谤补迟颈尘腻 (啶啶班い啶苦ぎ啶�) or 笔谤补迟颈尘腻lak峁峁嘺 is the name of chapters 23-24 of the Saura-K膩峁囜笉a of the Haya艣墨r峁pa帽car膩tra: an ancient P膩帽car膩tra consisting of four sections (办腻峁囜笉补蝉), deriving its name from the fact that according to its frame-story (腻诲颈办腻峁囜笉补) it was revealed by God in the form of Haya艣iras, the Horse-Headed One. The Agnipur膩峁嘺 chapters 62-69 have parallels with the Sa峁僰ar峁峁嘺k膩峁囜笉a of the Haya艣墨r峁-pa帽car膩tra.

: archive.org: Catalogue of Pancaratra Agama Texts

1) 笔谤补迟颈尘腻 (啶啶班い啶苦ぎ啶�) or 笔谤补迟颈尘腻尘耻诲谤腻 refers to one of the fifty-three Mudr膩s (ritual hand gestures) described in chapter 22 (Cary膩p膩da) of the 笔补诲尘补蝉补峁僪颈迟腻: the most widely followed of Sa峁僪it膩 covering the entire range of concerns of P膩帽car膩tra doctrine and practice (i.e., the four-fold formulation of subject matter鈥�箩帽腻苍补, yoga, 办谤颈测腻 and 肠补谤测腻) consisting of roughly 9000 verses.鈥擠escription of the chapter [尘耻诲谤腻濒补办峁峁嘺-惫颈诲丑颈]: Brah尘腻 asks the meaning, uses and varieties of 尘耻诲谤腻-gestures. Bhagav膩n says these finger movements are ways to fend off evil and to prevent those taking pleasure in harming others. Furthermore, they please the Lord-so long as they are demonstrated in private (1-5a). He then names and describes 53 尘耻诲谤腻-gestures: [e.g., 辫谤补迟颈尘腻 (69b-70a)] [...]

2) 笔谤补迟颈尘腻 (啶啶班い啶苦ぎ啶�) or 笔谤补迟颈尘腻尘耻诲谤腻 is the name of a Mudr膩 (鈥渞itual hand-gestures鈥�) mentioned in in chapter 13 of the 痴颈艣惫腻尘颈迟谤补蝉补峁僪颈迟腻: a P膩帽car膩tra text comprising some 2600 Sanskrit verses covering topics such as initiation (诲墨办峁Ｄ�) and the construction, decoration and consecration of temples and icons, as well as routines of regular and special worship cycles.鈥擠escription of the chapter [尘耻诲谤腻-adhy膩ya]: K膩艣yapa asks what are the various types of 尘耻诲谤腻-gestures, and Vi艣v膩mitra complies by first defining 尘耻诲谤腻 as that by seeing which one derives pleasure (鈥�mu-鈥�) and then by counseling that whoever practices these 尘耻诲谤腻s must do so in secrecy (1-6). Thereupon he names and briefly describes how to perform a number of 尘耻诲谤腻s [e.g., 辫谤补迟颈尘腻]

3) 笔谤补迟颈尘腻 (啶啶班い啶苦ぎ啶�) or 笔谤补迟颈尘腻尘耻诲谤腻 refers to one of the 81 Mudr膩s (hand-gestures) described in chapter 2 of the 峁氠梗ir膩tra section of the 厂补苍补迟办耻尘腻谤补蝉补峁僪颈迟腻: an encyclopedic Sanskrit text written in over 3500 verses dealing with a variety of topics such as yoga, temple-building, consecration ceremonies, initiation and dhanurveda (martial arts).鈥擺Cf. the chapter 尘耻诲谤腻-lak峁峁嘺].

: SriMatham: Vai峁ａ箛ava Iconology based on Pa帽car膩tra 膧gama

pratima–Sanskrit term meaning 'resemblance', 'similitude' or 'representation' and used in hindu iconology (e.g. the 膧gamas).

context information

Pancaratra (啶ぞ啶炧啶氞ぐ啶距い啷嵿ぐ, p膩帽car膩tra) represents a tradition of Hinduism where Narayana is revered and worshipped. Closeley related to Vaishnavism, the Pancaratra literature includes various Agamas and tantras incorporating many Vaishnava philosophies.

Shilpashastra (iconography)

Source: Wisdom Library: 艢ilpa-艣膩stra

Pratima (啶啶班い啶苦ぎ) is a Sanskrit word translating to 鈥渞esemblance鈥�, 鈥渟imiltude鈥� or 鈥渞epresentation鈥�. It is used throughout texts and practice of Hindu iconology.

: archive.org: Catalogue of Pancaratra Agama Texts (shilpa)

1) 笔谤补迟颈尘腻 (啶啶班い啶苦ぎ啶�) refers to 鈥渋mages鈥�, as discussed in chapter 8 of the 痴颈峁补办蝉别苍补蝉补峁僪颈迟腻: a P膩帽car膩tra text comprising 2800 Sanskrit verses dealing with theological matters, image-worship, iconography (relating to 辫谤补迟颈尘腻-icons) and the construction of temples.鈥擠escription of the chapter [辫谤补迟颈尘腻-lak峁峁嘺]: N膩rada asks to know the characteristics of various images, as well as the different types of images, and also about the placement of the 蝉迟奴辫墨-dome of a temple. Vi峁aksena commences his answer by naming the various forms of the Lord and His consorts and entourage (1-11). He then turns (12-22) to describing the system of measurement to be used in constructing an icon, and, before continuing on matters more directly concerned with icons themselves, he reviews the proportionate measurement of other parts of the temple in relation to the chief icon and to the 辫墨峁环补-pedestal鈥檚 dimensions, etc. (23-54a). [...]

2) 笔谤补迟颈尘腻 (啶啶班い啶苦ぎ啶�) refers to 鈥渋cons鈥�, as discussed in chapter 14 of the 痴颈峁ａ箛耻蝉补峁僪颈迟腻: a Sanskrit text written in 2600 verses which covers typical P膩帽car膩tra topics through a narrative dialogue between Aupag膩yana and Siddha Sumati.鈥擠escription of the chapter [辫谤补迟颈尘腻-lak峁峁嘺]: Icons may be made from gems, metals, stone, colored stones [诲丑腻迟耻], clay, wood鈥攐r one may be represented by a painted picture (1-2). Stones for images are to be gathered from certain places only, and should be selected according to specific classifications or desirable qualities (3-27); the ritual procedures for doing this are given (28-46). Similar care should be taken if the icon is to be made of wood, not only in selecting the wood but even down to the details of felling a tree properly (47-60). Clay and metal are also briefly treated (61-66a), whereupon the virtues of images made of various materials are enumerated (66b-68). A section on iconometry then follows (73b-106).

3) 笔谤补迟颈尘腻 (啶啶班い啶苦ぎ啶�) refers to 鈥渋cons鈥�, as discussed in chapter 7 of the Brahmar膩tra section of the 厂补苍补迟办耻尘腻谤补蝉补峁僪颈迟腻: an encyclopedic Sanskrit text written in over 3500 verses dealing with a variety of topics such as yoga, temple-building, consecration ceremonies, initiation and dhanurveda (martial arts).鈥擠escription of the chapter [辫谤补迟颈尘腻-lak峁峁嘺-udde艣a]: Icons may be made of stone, metal, gems, wood or clay. As for stones, these are classified into four groups-named according to the four castes鈥攁nd it is told which kinds should be used for making proper icons. The discussion includes details about measurements, mistakes to be avoided in fashioning various parts of the icon (辫谤补迟颈尘腻), what evil effects will come from such defects, etc. (1-75.). [...]

4) 笔谤补迟颈尘腻 (啶啶班い啶苦ぎ啶�) refers to 鈥渋cons鈥�, as discussed in chapter 18 of the 膧dik膩峁囜笉a of the 贬补测补艣墨谤峁蝉补峁僪颈迟腻.鈥擠escription of the chapter [辫谤补迟颈尘腻-lak峁峁嘺]: This chapter commences the long sections which are to follow on iconographic and iconometric technical details. The chapter commences by pointing out that before a stone is worked upon, a pattern is lightly scored on the rock. Then bali-offerings are made, followed by 辫奴箩腻 (the mantras for which are given) (6). [...]

: McGill: The architectural theory of the M膩nas膩ra (iconography)

笔谤补迟颈尘腻 (啶啶班い啶苦ぎ啶�).鈥擨n M膩nas膩ra chapter LXIV titled 辫谤补迟颈尘腻vidhanam, 鈥淐omposition of Images (辫谤补迟颈尘腻)鈥�, twelve options for obtaining the height of secondary images are given. They are:

from height of linga (in case of 艢aiva temples);
from height of the main image of Vi峁ａ箛u (in Vai峁ａ箛ava temples);
from half-breadth of the adytum of the temple;
from breadth of the temple;
from door;
from base of the temple;
from main pillar;
according to hasta, cubit;
according to 迟腻濒补, 鈥渟pan鈥�;
from body of the 测补箩补尘腻苍补, 鈥減atron鈥� or 鈥渃lient鈥�;
from one division of the height of 濒颈峁単补 or image;
according to digit.

These lists of options display an 鈥渋nstrumental鈥� nature, primarily as a means of procuring the height of the image.

: Shodhganga: The significance of the m奴la-beras (艣ilpa)

笔谤补迟颈尘腻 (啶啶班い啶苦ぎ啶�) refers to a 鈥渞epresentation鈥� of the supreme being.鈥擳he term 鈥渋mage鈥� finds its close parallel in Sanskrit words like 辫谤补迟颈办峁泃颈, 辫谤补迟颈尘腻, bimba, and so on. In Sanskrit, 辫谤补迟颈尘腻 means tulyata or equality, 谤奴辫补 or form, pratibimba or reflection as in a mirror. The word bimba means imitation and it is very frequently used in the sense of the images of divinities. The Hindus have believed from very early times that 辫谤补迟颈尘腻 is representation, a resemblance, or a form of the Supreme Being; standing in the place of God. 笔谤补迟颈尘腻 tends to bring the worshipper near the worshipped. The word 鈥渋dol鈥� is often used in a derogatory sense, signifying 鈥渇alse god鈥�. Therefore, the word 鈥渋mage鈥� is a near approximation to the sense of 辫谤补迟颈尘腻. An image made of metal is called bimba, and one that is carved by hand is known as 辫谤补迟颈尘腻. In general, all the icons are called 辫补岣峣尘补.

: Shodhganga: Elements of Art and Architecture in the Trtiyakhanda of the Visnudharmottarapurana (shilpa)

笔谤补迟颈尘腻 (啶啶班い啶苦ぎ啶�) refers to one of the synonyms for 鈥渋mage鈥� or 鈥渋dol鈥�, according to the Vi峁ａ箛udharmottarapur膩峁嘺, an ancient Sanskrit text which (being encyclopedic in nature) deals with a variety of cultural topics such as arts, architecture, music, grammar and astronomy.鈥擳he 艢ilpa艣膩stras viz., the B峁沨atsa峁僪it膩, M膩nas膩ra, 艢ilparatna, Devat膩murtiprakara峁嘺 etc. have the discussion on Iconography. [...] In Sanskrit, different words like 尘奴谤迟颈, 辫谤补迟颈尘腻, devat膩谤奴辫补 etc. are used to denote image or idol. In the Vi峁ａ箛udharmottarapur膩峁嘺 the word 辫谤补迟颈尘腻 is used to denote image and it gives a detail explanation on the characteristics of images of various gods and goddesses in the chapters from 44 to 85.

context information

Shilpashastra (啶多た啶侧啶ざ啶距じ啷嵿い啷嵿ぐ, 艣ilpa艣膩stra) represents the ancient Indian science (shastra) of creative arts (shilpa) such as sculpture, iconography and painting. Closely related to Vastushastra (architecture), they often share the same literature.

Dharmashastra (religious law)

Source: Wisdom Library: Dharma-艣膩stra

笔谤补迟颈尘腻 (啶啶班い啶苦ぎ啶�) refers to 鈥渋mages of gods鈥�. The word is used throughout Dharma艣膩stra literature such as the 惭补苍耻蝉尘峁泃颈. (See the 惭补苍耻产丑腻峁补, verse 9.285)

context information

Dharmashastra (啶оぐ啷嵿ぎ啶多ぞ啶膏啶む啶�, dharma艣膩stra) contains the instructions (shastra) regarding religious conduct of livelihood (dharma), ceremonies, jurisprudence (study of law) and more. It is categorized as smriti, an important and authoritative selection of books dealing with the Hindu lifestyle.

Purana and Itihasa (epic history)

: archive.org: Shiva Purana - English Translation

笔谤补迟颈尘腻 (啶啶班い啶苦ぎ啶�) refers to 鈥渋dols鈥�, according to the 艢ivapur膩峁嘺 2.1.12, while explaining the importance of idols:鈥斺€淸...] having an idol (辫谤补迟颈尘腻) is very auspicious for a person who has no such knowledge. It is a ladder that enables him to climb to a higher position. It is very difficult to climb to a position without a support. The idol is only a means to achieve the Nirgu峁嘺艢iva. The attainment of the Nirgu峁嘺 through a Sagu峁嘺 is certainly possible. In this manner, the symbols of all lords are conducive to a steady faith and belief鈥�.

If there is no idol (辫谤补迟颈尘腻), of what avail are scents, sandal paste, flowers, etc.? Till the realisation of true knowledge, the idol shall necessarily be worshipped. If any one does not worship the idol before he attains perfect knowledge, his downfall is sure.

: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: The Purana Index

Pratima (啶啶班い啶苦ぎ).鈥�(Paulastya)鈥攁 sage of the second S膩var峁嘺 Manu.^*

* Brah尘腻峁囜笉a-pur膩峁嘺 IV. 1. 70.

context information

The Purana (啶啶班ぞ啶�, pur膩峁嘺s) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India鈥檚 vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.

Jyotisha (astronomy and astrology)

Source: Wisdom Library: Brihat Samhita by Varahamihira

笔谤补迟颈尘腻 (啶啶班い啶苦ぎ啶�) refers to 鈥渋mages鈥�, according to the B峁沨atsa峁僪it膩 (chapter 2), an encyclopedic Sanskrit work written by Var膩hamihira mainly focusing on the science of ancient Indian astronomy astronomy (Jyoti峁).鈥擜ccordingly, 鈥淎 true Astrologer is also one who has thoroughly mastered the Science of Sa峁僪it膩. [...] It treats of indradhvaja, of the rainbow and of architecture; of the prediction of events from casual words and gestures and from the cawing of crows; of the formation of zodiacal circles for purposes of horary astrology. It treats of the prediction of future events from phenomena connected with the deer, the dog and the motions of the wind; of the construction of temples, towers and palaces; of the casting of images [i.e., 辫谤补迟颈尘腻-lak峁峁嘺] and of founding the same; of the growth of plants and trees; of under currents; of certain annual ceremonies to be performed by princes for success in war. [...]鈥�.

: Google Books: Studies in the History of the Exact Sciences (Astronomy)

笔谤补迟颈尘腻 (啶啶班い啶苦ぎ啶�) refers to the 鈥渋mages鈥� [=sculptures] (of the grahas鈥攑lanets), according to the 驳谤补丑补艣腻苍迟颈 (cf. 驳谤补丑补测补箩帽补) section of the Y膩j帽avalkyasm峁泃i (1.295-309), preceded by the section called 惫颈苍腻测补办补办补濒辫补 (1.271-294), prescribing a rite to be offered to Vin膩yaka.鈥擺Images of and offerings to grahas]鈥擳he materials which are used to compose the images (辫谤补迟颈尘腻) of the grahas are prescribed: red copper (Sun), crystal (Moon), red sandal-wood (Mars), gold (Mercury and Jupiter), silver (Venus), iron (Saturn), lead (R膩hu) and white copper (Ketu). Such prescriptions for the planetary images are not found in 驳峁沨测补 texts except in the 膧艣val膩yana驳峁沨测补pari艣i峁ａ弓a (2.3) where the materials are almost the same as those in Y膩j帽avalkyasm峁泃i, the only difference being the use of saffron for Mercury instead of gold. According to the 艢膩ntikalpa (13.3), red copper (Sun and Mars), gold (Mercury and Jupiter), silver (Moon and Venus), and black iron (Saturn, R膩hu, and Ketu) are used.

context information

Jyotisha (啶溹啶啶むた啶�, 箩测辞迟颈峁 or jyotish) refers to 鈥榓stronomy鈥� or 鈥淰edic astrology鈥� and represents the fifth of the six Vedangas (additional sciences to be studied along with the Vedas). Jyotisha concerns itself with the study and prediction of the movements of celestial bodies, in order to calculate the auspicious time for rituals and ceremonies.

Shaktism (Shakta philosophy)

: Google Books: Manthanabhairavatantram

笔谤补迟颈尘腻 (啶啶班い啶苦ぎ啶�) refers to the 鈥渋dol鈥�, according to Abhinava鈥檚 Tantr膩loka verse 6.2-4.鈥擜ccordingly, 鈥淭he places are said to be of three kinds: in the vital breath, in the body and outside (the body). The breath is five-fold in the body. (Thus, place) is of two kinds, according to whether it is outside (the body) or within (it). The external (places) are the 尘补峁囜笉补濒补, the sacrificial ground (蝉迟丑补峁囜笉颈濒补), the (sacrificial) vessel (辫腻迟谤补), the rosary (补办峁蝉奴迟谤补), the book (pustaka), the Li峁単a, the skull (迟奴谤补), the cloth (辫补峁璦), the image (made of papier-m芒ch茅) (pusta), the idol (辫谤补迟颈尘腻), and the divine effigy (尘奴谤迟颈). Thus the outer (place) is of eleven kinds (each which are of) countless varieties. 鈥�.

: Addaiyan Journal of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences: Tantra Literature of Kerala- Special Reference to M膩t峁泂adbh膩va

笔谤补迟颈尘腻 (啶啶班い啶苦ぎ啶�) or Bimba refers to 鈥渇igures鈥�, 鈥渟tatues鈥� or 鈥渋cons鈥�, according to the M膩t峁泂adbh膩va, one of the earliest 艢膩kta Tantras from Kerala.鈥擬膩t峁泂adbh膩va is a Kerala Tantric ritual manual dealing with the worship of Goddess Bhadrak膩l墨 (also known as Rurujit) along with 蝉补辫迟补-尘腻迟峁泂 or Seven mothers. [...] There are many descriptions about the flora and fauna in M膩t峁泂sadbh膩va. [...] In the fourth chapter the author discussed about different types of trees can be used to make 辫谤补迟颈尘腻 or bimba.

context information

Shakta (啶多ぞ啶曕啶�, 艣膩kta) or Shaktism (艣膩ktism) represents a tradition of Hinduism where the Goddess (Devi) is revered and worshipped. Shakta literature includes a range of scriptures, including various Agamas and Tantras, although its roots may be traced back to the Vedas.

Shaivism (Shaiva philosophy)

: Brill: 艢aivism and the Tantric Traditions

笔谤补迟颈尘腻 (啶啶班い啶苦ぎ啶�) (Cf. 笔谤补迟颈尘腻karman) refers to 鈥渋mages of the deities鈥�, according to the Brahmay膩mala-tantra (or Picumata), an early 7th century 艢aiva text consisting of twelve-thousand verses.鈥擶hile worship (测腻驳补, yajana) provides the essential paradigm for the Brahmay膩mala鈥檚 integration of inner and outer ritual, the principle and practice of their integration applies more widely. This is abundantly evident in the domain of 鈥渕agic,鈥� including all manner of rites involving alphabetical wheels (cakra), images of the deities (辫谤补迟颈尘腻), and two-dimensional figures (yantra). These processes may entail, for example, the fusion of the channels of one鈥檚 own body with the spokes drawn in the lotus of a cakra鈥攖he term n膩岣嵞� refers to both鈥攚hich may then be fused with the channels of the targeted victim (蝉腻诲丑测补).

context information

Shaiva (啶多啶�, 艣aiva) or Shaivism (艣aivism) represents a tradition of Hinduism worshiping Shiva as the supreme being. Closely related to Shaktism, Shaiva literature includes a range of scriptures, including Tantras, while the root of this tradition may be traced back to the ancient Vedas.

Vastushastra (architecture)

: Brill: 艢aivism and the Tantric Traditions (architecture)

笔谤补迟颈尘腻 (啶啶班い啶苦ぎ啶�) refers to an 鈥渋mage鈥�, according to the 12th-century Vajr膩val墨 of Abhay膩karagupta.鈥擜ccordingly, 鈥淸...] and [the 膧c膩rya] carries out also the installation of an image (辫谤补迟颈尘腻鈥�辫谤补迟颈尘腻diprati峁ａ弓h膩峁�), etc., like the installation of a disciple鈥�.

context information

Vastushastra (啶掂ぞ啶膏啶む啶多ぞ啶膏啶む啶�, v膩stu艣膩stra) refers to the ancient Indian science (shastra) of architecture (vastu), dealing with topics such architecture, sculpture, town-building, fort building and various other constructions. Vastu also deals with the philosophy of the architectural relation with the cosmic universe.

In Buddhism

Mahayana (major branch of Buddhism)

: De Gruyter: A Buddhist Ritual Manual on Agriculture

笔谤补迟颈尘腻 (啶啶班い啶苦ぎ啶�) refers to 鈥渋mages (of the Buddha)鈥� (suitable for an offering ceremony), according to the 痴补箩谤补迟耻峁囜笉补蝉补尘补测补办补濒辫补谤腻箩补, an ancient Buddhist ritual manual on agriculture from the 5th-century (or earlier), containing various instructions for the Sangha to provide agriculture-related services to laypeople including rain-making, weather control and crop protection.鈥擜ccordingly [as the Bhagav膩n taught the detailed offering-manual], 鈥淸...] Four N膩ga kings should be prepared in the middle of the ditch. [...] Flower garlands should be offered. Parched grain and mustard seeds should be scattered there in the middle of the [N膩ga] residence. Having scattered flowers, the Four Great Kings should be placed in the four corners. Buddha images (辫谤补迟颈尘腻) with relics, and caityas with relics should be placed in the four directions. [...]鈥�.

context information

Mahayana (啶す啶距く啶距え, mah膩y膩na) is a major branch of Buddhism focusing on the path of a Bodhisattva (spiritual aspirants/ enlightened beings). Extant literature is vast and primarely composed in the Sanskrit language. There are many 蝉奴迟谤补蝉 of which some of the earliest are the various Praj帽膩p膩ramit膩蝉奴迟谤补蝉.

In Jainism

General definition (in Jainism)

: archive.org: Jaina Community: A Social Survey

笔谤补迟颈尘腻 (啶啶班い啶苦ぎ啶�, 鈥渟tage鈥�).鈥擳he eleven 辫谤补迟颈尘腻s form part of the rules of conduct for laymen.鈥擳he householder鈥檚 life has been divided into eleven stages or 辫谤补迟颈尘腻s. These 辫谤补迟颈尘腻s form a series of duties and performances, the standard and duration of which rises periodically and which finally culminates in an attitude resembling monkhood. Thus the 辫谤补迟颈尘腻s rise by degrees and every stage includes all the virtues practised in those preceeding it. The conception of eleven 辫谤补迟颈尘腻s appears to be the best way of exhibiting the rules of conduct prescribved for the Jaina laymen.

The eleven 辫谤补迟颈尘腻s are as follows:

dar艣ana-辫谤补迟颈尘腻,
vrata-辫谤补迟颈尘腻,
s膩尘腻yika-辫谤补迟颈尘腻,
辫谤辞峁诲丑辞辫补惫腻蝉补-辫谤补迟颈尘补,
sacitta-t测腻驳补-辫谤补迟颈尘腻,
r膩tri-bhukta-t测腻驳补-辫谤补迟颈尘腻,
brahmacarya-辫谤补迟颈尘腻,
膩rambha-t测腻驳补-辫谤补迟颈尘腻,
parigraha-t测腻驳补-辫谤补迟颈尘腻,
anumati-t测腻驳补-辫谤补迟颈尘腻,
uddi峁ａ弓a-t测腻驳补-辫谤补迟颈尘腻.

The householders are advised to ascend these stages step by step. Those who have attained the eleven stages are given special importance by the Digambara Jainas while 艢vet膩mbaras consider them like ascetics.

: archive.org: Trisastisalakapurusacaritra

笔谤补迟颈尘腻 (啶啶班い啶苦ぎ啶�) refers to a form of meditation, as mentioned in chapter 1.1 [腻诲墨艣惫补谤补-肠补谤颈迟谤补] of Hemacandra鈥檚 11th century Tri峁峁ａ弓i艣al膩k膩puru峁caritra: an ancient Sanskrit epic poem narrating the history and legends of sixty-three illustrious persons in Jainism.

Accordingly, as the incarnation of Svayambuddha said to the incarnation of king Mah膩bala:

鈥淸...] At that time omniscience had come to Muni Yugandhara, engaged in 辫谤补迟颈尘腻 for one night on the peak of the mountain [viz., Ambaratilaka]. Then a great festival called 鈥榯he festival of omniscience鈥� was being celebrated in his honor by the gods at hand. Then the people living in the towns and villages near the mountain competed with each other to show him honor. When she saw the people, decorated with many ornaments, going there, Nirn膩mik膩 stood in astonishment, as if she were painted in a picture. [...]鈥�.

Note: 笔谤补迟颈尘腻 in this sense of meditating in a particular posture is practically the same as 办腻测辞迟蝉补谤驳补. But they must always stand in 辫谤补迟颈尘腻, whereas 办腻测辞迟蝉补谤驳补 may be either standing or sitting.

: archive.org: Aspects of Jaina Art and Architecture

笔谤补迟颈尘腻 (啶啶班い啶苦ぎ啶�) (Sanskrit; in Prakrit: 笔补诲颈尘腻) refers to 鈥渋mages鈥� (of human beings), according to the B峁沨atkalpabh膩峁a (Vol IV., 驳腻迟丑腻 4915): a 6th century commentary on monastic discipline authored by Svetambara Jain exegete S补峁単had膩sa.

: WikiPedia: Jainism

笔谤补迟颈尘腻 (啶啶班い啶苦ぎ啶�, 鈥渟tep鈥�).鈥擨n Jainism, 辫谤补迟颈尘腻 is a step or a stage marking the spiritual rise of a lay person (艣谤补惫补办补). There are eleven such steps called 辫谤补迟颈尘腻. After having passed the eleven steps, one is no longer a 艣谤腻惫补办补, but a muni (monk). Rules prescribed for laymen are divided into twelve vrata (vows) and eleven 辫谤补迟颈尘腻s (steps) and are described in several codes of conduct (艣谤腻惫补办腻肠腻谤补蝉). The 辫谤补迟颈尘腻s are mentioned in several ancient texts like Ratnakara峁囜笉a-艣r膩vak膩c膩ra (2nd century A.D.)

: OpenEdition books: 痴颈惫颈诲丑补迟墨谤迟丑补办补濒辫补岣�

笔谤补迟颈尘腻 (啶啶班い啶苦ぎ啶�) refers to a statue position (= 办腻测辞迟蝉补谤驳补), and represents a Jaina technical term mentioned in the 痴颈惫颈诲丑补迟墨谤迟丑补办补濒辫补 by Jinaprabhas奴ri (13th century A.D.): an ancient text devoted to various Jaina holy places (迟墨谤迟丑补蝉).

context information

Jainism is an Indian religion of Dharma whose doctrine revolves around harmlessness (ahimsa) towards every living being. The two major branches (Digambara and Svetambara) of Jainism stimulate self-control (or, shramana, 鈥榮elf-reliance鈥�) and spiritual development through a path of peace for the soul to progess to the ultimate goal.

India history and geography

: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Indian Epigraphical Glossary

笔谤补迟颈尘腻.鈥攃f. pratimam (SII 2), image of a human being; usually, the image of a deity. Note: 辫谤补迟颈尘腻 is defined in the 鈥淚ndian epigraphical glossary鈥� as it can be found on ancient inscriptions commonly written in Sanskrit, Prakrit or Dravidian languages.

context information

The history of India traces the identification of countries, villages, towns and other regions of India, as well as mythology, zoology, royal dynasties, rulers, tribes, local festivities and traditions and regional languages. Ancient India enjoyed religious freedom and encourages the path of Dharma, a concept common to Buddhism, Hinduism, and Jainism.

Languages of India and abroad

Marathi-English dictionary

: DDSA: The Molesworth Marathi and English Dictionary

pratima (啶啶班い啶苦ぎ).鈥攁 S Like. In comp. as 膿tat pratima, tat- pratima, s奴ryapratima, si峁僪apratima.

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辫谤补迟颈尘腻 (啶啶班い啶苦ぎ啶�).鈥攆 (S) A resemblance, a figure, an image, a picture. 膿k膿 pratim膿c膩 Of one mould or stamp; of one cast or figure.

: DDSA: The Aryabhusan school dictionary, Marathi-English

pratima (啶啶班い啶苦ぎ).鈥�a Like.

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辫谤补迟颈尘腻 (啶啶班い啶苦ぎ啶�).鈥�f A resemblance, a figure, an image.

context information

Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.

Sanskrit dictionary

: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary

笔谤补迟颈尘腻 (啶啶班い啶苦ぎ啶�).鈥�3, 4 膧. To compare, liken.

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笔谤补迟颈尘腻 (啶啶班い啶苦ぎ啶�).鈥�m. Ved. A creator, maker.

-尘腻 1 An image, a likeness, statue, figure, an idol; 啶啶班 啶ぐ啶距ぐ啷嵿ぇ啷嵿く啶啶班い啶苦ぎ啶距啷冟す啶距く啶距 (pura岣� par膩rdhya辫谤补迟颈尘腻g峁沨膩y膩岣�) R.16.39.

2) Resemblance, similitude; oft. in comp. in the sense of 'like, similar, or equal to'; 啶︵啶掂お啷嵿ぐ啶むた啶�, 啶呧お啷嵿ぐ啶むた啶� (devapratima, apratima) &c.; 啶椸啶班啶� 啶曕啶多ぞ啶ㄠ啶啶班い啶苦ぎ啶距い啷� (guro岣� ku艣膩nu辫谤补迟颈尘腻t) R.2.49; 啶い啶む啶い啶權啶椸お啷嵿ぐ啶むた啶じ啷嵿い啶啶ㄠた啶оた啶� (辫补迟补迟辫补迟补峁単补辫谤补迟颈尘补蝉迟补辫辞苍颈诲丑颈岣�) 艢i艣up膩lavadha 1.12.

3) A reflection, reflected image; 啶啶栢ぎ啶苦え啷嵿う啷�- 啶班啶溹啶溹啶掂げ啶曕お啷嬥げ啶い啶� 啶啶班い啶苦ぎ啶距啷嵿啶侧啶� 啶膏啶︵啶多ぞ啶さ啶苦ざ啶む (mukhamindu- rujjvalakapolamata岣� 辫谤补迟颈尘腻cchalena sud峁浥浤乵avi艣at) 艢i艣up膩lavadha 9.48,73; R.7. 64;12.1.

4) A measure, extent.

5) The part of an elephant's head between the tusks.

6) A symbol.

: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionary

Pratima (啶啶班い啶苦ぎ).鈥擺, in 骋补峁囜笉补惫测奴丑补 372.16, read apratima-; see s.v. traiyadhvika.]

: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Pratima (啶啶班い啶苦ぎ).鈥攎fn.

(-尘补岣�-尘腻-尘补峁�) Like, resembling, (In composition) f.

(-尘腻) 1. A resemblance, a figure, an image, a picture. 2. An idol. 3. The part of an elephant鈥檚 head between the tusks. 4. Similarity, Similitude. 5. Measure, extent. E. prati against, 尘腻 to measure, 补峁� and 峁乸 aff.

: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Benfey Sanskrit-English Dictionary

笔谤补迟颈尘腻 (啶啶班い啶苦ぎ啶�).鈥擺prati-尘腻], f., and 辫谤补迟颈尘腻na 辫谤补迟颈尘腻na, i. e. prati-尘腻 + ana, n. 1. A resemblance, a figure, [贬颈迟辞辫补诲别艣补] ii. [distich] 149. 2. An idol, [惭腻苍补惫补诲丑补谤尘补艣腻蝉迟谤补] 9, 285. 3. The part of an elephant鈥檚 head between the tusks.

: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Cappeller Sanskrit-English Dictionary

笔谤补迟颈尘腻 (啶啶班い啶苦ぎ啶�).鈥擺masculine] framer, creator; [feminine] measure, image, likeness, picture, idol, symbol, emblem; adj. 鈥斅� resembling, equal to.

: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary

1) 笔谤补迟颈尘腻 (啶啶班い啶苦ぎ啶�):鈥擺=prati-鈭毘灸�] a [膧tmanepada] -尘颈尘墨迟别 ([Vedic or Veda] [infinitive mood] prati-mai), to imitate, copy, [峁歡-veda; V膩jasaneyi-sa峁僪it膩; Kau艣ika-s奴tra]

2) [v.s. ...] b m. a creator, maker, framer, [Atharva-veda; V膩jasaneyi-sa峁僪it膩]

3) [v.s. ...] f. an image, likeness, symbol, [峁歡-veda] etc. etc.

4) [v.s. ...] a picture, statue, figure, idol, [Manu-sm峁泃i; Hariva峁兣沘; Raghuva峁兣沘] ([Indian Wisdom, by Sir M. Monier-Williams 218, 1; 241])

5) [v.s. ...] reflection (in [compound] after a word meaning 鈥榤oon鈥� cf. below)

6) [v.s. ...] measure, extent (cf. below)

7) [v.s. ...] Name of a metre, [峁歡veda-pr膩ti艣膩khya]

8) [v.s. ...] the part of an elephant鈥檚 head between the tusks (also ma m.), [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasi峁僪a, hal膩yudha, hemacandra, etc.] (ifc. like, similar, resembling, equal to, [Taittir墨ya-br膩hma峁嘺; Mah膩bh膩rata] etc.; having the measure of, as long or wide etc. as e.g. tri-nalva-pr, 3 Nalvas long, [Hariva峁兣沘]; 尘补-迟腻 f. ma-tva n. reflection, image, shadow, [Horace H. Wilson])

: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Yates Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Pratima (啶啶班い啶苦ぎ):鈥擺prati-ma] (ma岣�-尘腻-ma峁�) a. Like. f. Image.

: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary (S)

Pratima (啶啶班い啶苦ぎ) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit words: 笔补岣峣尘补, Pa岣峣尘腻, 笔补岣峣尘颈, 笔补岣峣尘颈峁嘺, 笔补岣峣丑腻.

[Sanskrit to German]

context information

Sanskrit, also spelled 啶膏啶膏啶曕啶むぎ啷� (蝉补峁僺办峁泃补尘), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.

Hindi dictionary

: DDSA: A practical Hindi-English dictionary

笔谤补迟颈尘腻 (啶啶班い啶苦ぎ啶�):鈥�(nf) an image, icon, a statue; effigy; -[辫奴箩腻] idolatory; iconolatory; ~[vi箩帽腻苍补] iconoscope; iconography; -[产丑补峁僯补苍补] iconoclasm; -[产丑补峁僯补办补] an iconoclast; iconoclastic.

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Kannada-English dictionary

: Alar: Kannada-English corpus

Pratima (嗖硩嗖班菠嗖苦伯):鈥擺adjective] of the same quantity, size, number, value, degree, intensity, quality, etc.; equal.

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Pratima (嗖硩嗖班菠嗖苦伯):鈥擺noun] any thing that is or person who is same or equal (to); an equal.

context information

Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.

Nepali dictionary

: unoes: Nepali-English Dictionary

笔谤补迟颈尘腻 (啶啶班い啶苦ぎ啶�):鈥攏. 1. reflected image; image; statue; resemblance; 2. idol; 3. Rhet. image;

context information

Nepali is the primary language of the Nepalese people counting almost 20 million native speakers. The country of Nepal is situated in the Himalaya mountain range to the north of India.

Relevant text

Search found 118 books and stories containing Pratima, 笔谤补迟颈尘腻, Prati-ma, Prati-尘腻, Pratimaa; (plurals include: Pratimas, 笔谤补迟颈尘腻s, mas, 尘腻s, Pratimaas). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:

4. The 膧va艣yaka-niryukti (by Bhadrab膩hu) < [Chapter 2 - Pre-Modern History of Meditation in Jainism]

2. Other Contributors to Modern Jaina Meditation < [Chapter 5 - Other Modern Forms of Jaina Meditation]

4.1. Meditation: A Means of Liberation < [Chapter 1 - Introduction]

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Verse 6.21.32 < [Chapter 21 - In the Description of the Third Fort, the Glories of Pi峁囜笉膩raka-t墨rtha]

Verse 8.13.122 < [Chapter 13 - A Thousand Names of Lord Balar膩ma]

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Description and Measure of Pratima (Images) < [Chapter 3 - Shaiva iconography in Saivagamanibandhana]

Length of Siva portion < [Chapter 2 - Shaiva iconography in Prayogamanjari]

Talabheda鈥擠ifferent measurements < [Chapter 3 - Shaiva iconography in Saivagamanibandhana]

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Verse 2.4.213 < [Chapter 4 - Vaiku峁囜弓ha (the spiritual world)]