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Ahara as depicted in the Pancanikaya

by Le Chanh | 2010 | 101,328 words

This is a critical study of Ahara and its importance as depicted in the Pancanikaya (Pancha Nikaya).—The concept of Ahara (“food�) in the context of Buddhism encompasses both physical and mental nourishment. The Panca Nikaya represents the five collections (of discourses) of the Sutta Pitaka within Buddhist literature. The present study emphasizes ...

12. Ahara-sutta (“Perseverance in the Limbs�)

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Text 12: Aharasutta "Savatthinidanam. "Pancannanca, bhikkhave, nivarananam sattannanca bojjhanganam aharanca anaharanca desessami; tam sunatha. Ko ca, bhikkhave, aharo anuppannassa va kamacchandassa uppadaya, uppannassa va kamacchandassa bhiyyobhavaya vepullaya? Atthi, bhikkhave, subhanimittam. Tattha ayonisomanasikarabahulikaro - ayamaharo anuppannassa va kamacchandassa uppadaya, uppannassa va kamacchandassa bhiyyobhavaya vepullaya.

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318 "Ko ca, bhikkhave, aharo anuppannassa va byapadassa uppadaya, uppannassa va byapadassa bhiyyobhavaya vepullaya? Atthi, bhikkhave, patighanimittam . Tattha ayonisomanasikarabahulikaro - ayamaharo anuppannassa va byapadassa uppadaya, uppannassa va byapadassa bhiyyobhavaya vepullaya. "Ko ca, bhikkhave, aharo anuppannassa va thinamiddhassa uppadaya, uppannassa va thinamiddhassa bhiyyobhavaya vepullaya? Atthi, bhikkhave, arati tandi vijambhita bhattasammado cetaso ca linattam. Tattha ayonisomanasikarabahulikaro ayamaharo anuppannassa va thinamiddhassa uppadaya, uppannassa va thinamiddhassa bhiyyobhavaya vepullaya. "Ko ca, bhikkhave, aharo anuppannassa va uddhaccakukkuccassa uppadaya, uppannassa va uddhaccakukhuccassa bhiyyobhavaya vepullaya? Atthi, bhikkhave, cetaso avipasamo. Tattha ayonisomanasikarabahulikaro - ayamaharo anuppannassa va uddhaccakukkuccassa uppadaya, uppannassa va uddhaccakukkuccassa bhiyyobhavaya vepullaya. - "Ko ca, bhikkhave, aharo anuppannaya va vicikicchaya uppadaya, uppannaya va vicikicchaya bhiyyobhavaya vepullaya? Atthi, bhikkhave, vicikicchatthaniya dhamma. Tattha ayonisomanasikarabahulikaro ayamaharo anuppannaya va vicikicchaya uppadaya, uppannaya va vicikicchaya bhiyyobhavaya vepullaya. - "Ko ca, bhikkhave, aharo anuppannassa va satisambojjhangassa uppadaya, uppannassa va satisambojjhangassa bhavanaya paripuriya? Atthi, bhikkhave, satisambojjhangatthaniya dhamma. Tattha yonisomanasikarabahulikaro - ayamaharo anuppannassa va satisambojjhamgassa uppadaya, uppannassa va satisambojjhangassa bhavanaya paripuriya. "Ko ca, bhikkhave, aharo anuppannassa va dhammavicayasambojjhangassa uppadaya, uppannassa va dhammavicayasambojjhangassa bhavanaya paripuriya? Atthi, bhikkhave, kusalakusala dhammasavajjanavajja dhamma hinapanita dhamma hinapanita kanhasukkasappatibhaga dhamma. Tattha yonisomanasikarabahulikaro ayamaharo anuppannassa na dhammavicayasambojjhangassa uppadaya, uppannassa dhammavicayasambojjhangassa bhavanaya paripuriya. - na "Ko ca, bhikkhave, aharo anuppannassa va viriyasambojjhangassa uppadaya, uppannassa va viriyasambojjhangassa bhavanaya paripuriya? Atthi, bhikkhave, arambhadhatu nikkamadhatu parakkamadhatu. Tattha yonisomanasikarabahulikaro ayamaharo anuppannassa va viriyasambojjhangassa uppadaya, uppannassa na viriyasambojjhangassa bhavanaya paripuriya. -

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319 "Ko ca, bhikkhave, aharo anuppannassa va pitisambojjhangassa uppadaya, uppannassa va pitisambojjhangassa bhavanaya paripuriya? Atthi, bhikkhave, pitisambojjhanga thaniya dhamma. Tattha yonisomanasikarabahulikaro ayamaharo anuppannassa va pitisambojjhangassa uppadaya, uppannassa va pitisambojjhangassa bhavanaya paripuriya. "Ko ca, bhikkhave, aharo anuppannassa va passaddhisambojjhangassa uppadaya, uppannassa va passaddhisambojjhangassa bhavanaya paripuriya? Atthi, bhikkhave, kayappassaddhi cittappassaddhi . Tattha yonisomanasikarabahulikaro ayamaharo anuppannassa na passaddhisambojjhangassa uppadaya, uppannassa na passaddhisambojjhangassa bhavanaya paripuriva. va - "Ko ca, bhikkhave, aharo anuppannassa va samadhisambojjhangassa uppadaya, uppannassa va samadhisambojjhangassa bhavanaya paripuriya? Atthi, bhikkhave, samathanimittam abyagganimittam. Tattha yonisomanasikarabahulikaro - ayamaharo anuppannassa va samadhisambojjhangassa uppadaya, uppannassa va samadhisambojjhangassa bhavanaya paripuriya. "Ko ca, bhikkhave, aharo anuppannassa va upekkhasambojjhangassa uppadaya, uppannassa va upekkhasambojjhangassa bhavanaya paripuriya? Atthi, bhikkhave, upekkhasambojjhangatthaniya dhamma. Tattha yonisomanasikarabahulikaro ayamaharo anuppannassa va upekkhasambojjhangassa uppadaya, uppannassa va upekkhasambojjhamgassa bhavanaya paripuriya. "Ko ca, bhikkhave, anaharo anuppannassa va kamacchandassa uppadaya, uppannassa va kamacchandassa bhiyyobhavaya vepullaya? Atthi, bhikkhave, asubhanimittam. Tattha yonisomanasikarabahulikaro - ayamanaharo anuppannassa va kamacchandassa uppadaya, uppannassa va kamacchandassa bhiyyobhavaya vepullaya. "Ko ca, bhikkhave, anaharo anuppannassa va byapadassa uppadaya, uppannassa va byapadassa bhiyyobhavaya vepullaya? Atthi, bhikkhave, mettacetovimutti. Tattha yonisomanasikarabahulikaro - ayamanaharo anuppannassa va byapadassa uppadaya, uppannassa va byapadassa bhiyyobhavaya vepullaya. "Ko ca, bhikkhave, anaharo anuppannassa va thinamiddhassa uppadaya, uppannassa va thinamiddhassa bhiyyobhavaya vepullaya? Atthi, bhikkhave, arambhadhatu nikkamadhatu parakkamadhatu. Tattha yonisomanasikarabahulikaro ayamanaharo anuppannassa va thinamiddhassa uppadaya uppannassa na thinamiddhassa bhiyyobhavaya vepullaya. -

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320 "Ko ca, bhikkhave, anaharo anuppannassa va uddhaccakukkuccassa uppadaya, uppannassa va uddhaccakukkuccassa bhiyobhavaya vepullaya? Atthi, bhikkhave, cetaso vupasamo. Tattha yonisomanasikarabahulikaro - ayamanaharo anuppannassa va uddhaccakukkuccassa uppadaya, uppannassa va uddhaccakukkuccassa bhiyyobhavaya vepullaya. "Ko ca, bhikkhave, anaharo anuppannaya va vicikicchaya uppadaya, uppannaya va vicikicchaya bhiyyobhavaya vepullaya? Atthi, bhikkhave, kusalakusala dhamma savajjanavajja dhamma hinapanita dhamma kanhasukkasappatibhaga dhamma. Tattha yonisomanasikarabahulikaro - ayamanaharo anuppannaya va vicikicchaya uppadaya, uppannaya va vicikicchaya bhiyyobhavaya vepullaya. "Ko ca, bhikkhave, anaharo anuppannassa va satisambojjhangassa uppadaya, uppannassa va va satisambojjhangassa bhavanaya paripuriya? Atthi, bhikkhave, satisambojjhangatthaniya dhamma. Tattha amanasikarabahulikaro ayamanaharo anuppannassa va satisambojjhangassa uppadaya, uppannassa va satisambojjhangassa bhavanaya paripuriya. "Ko ca, bhikkhave, anaharo anuppannassa va dhammavicayasambojjhangassa uppadaya, uppannassa va dhammavicayasambojjhangassa bhavanaya paripuriya? Atthi, bhikkhave, kusalakusala dhammasavajjanavajja dhamma hinapanta dhamma kanhasukkasappatibhaga dhamma. Tattha amanasikarabahulikaro ayamanaharo anuppannassa va dhammavicayasambojjhangassa uppadaya, uppannassa dhammavicayasambojjhangassa bhavanaya paripuriya. - na "Ko ca, bhikkhave, anaharo anuppannassa va viriyasambojjhangassa uppadaya, uppannassa va viriyasambojjhangassa bhavanaya paripuriya? Atthi, bhikkhave, arambhadhatu nikkamadhatu parakkamadhatu. Tattha amanasikarabahulikaro ayamanaharo anuppannassa va viriyasambojjhangassa uppadaya, uppannassa va viriyasambojjhangassa bhavanaya paripuriya. "Ko ca, bhikkhave, anaharo anuppannassa va pitisambojjhangassa uppadaya, uppannassa va pitisambojjhangassa bhavanaya paripuriya? Atthi, bhikkhave, pitisambojjhangatthaniya dhamma. Tattha amanasikarabahulikaro ayamanaharo anuppannassa va pitisambojjhamgassa uppadaya, uppannassa va pitisambojjhangassa bhavanaya paripuriya. - "Ko ca, bhikkhave, anaharo anuppannassa va passaddhisambojjhangassa uppadaya, uppannassa va passaddhisambojjhangassa bhavanaya paripuriya? Atthi, bhikkhave, kayappassaddhi _ cittappassaddhi. Tattha amanasikarabahulikaro -

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321 ayamanaharo anuppannassa va passaddhisambojjhangassa uppadaya, uppannassa va passaddhisambojjhangassa bhavanaya paripuriya. "Ko ca, bhikkhave, anaharo anuppannassa va samadhisambojjhangassa uppadaya, uppannassa va samadhisambojjhangassa bhavanaya paripuriya? Atthi, bhikkhave, samathanimittam abyagganimittam. Tattha amanasikarabahulikaro- ayamanaharo anuppannassa va samadhisambojjhangassa uppadaya, uppannassa va samadhisambojjhangassa bhavanaya paripuriya. "Ko ca, bhikkhave, anaharo anuppannassa va upekkhasambojjhangassa uppadaya, uppannassa va upekkhasambojjhangassa bhavanaya paripuriya? Atthi, bhikkhave. upekkhasambojjhangatthaniya dhamma. Tattha amanasikarabahulikaro-ayamanaharo aruppannassa va upekkhasambojjhangassa uppadaya, uppannassa va upekkhasambojjhangassa bhavanaya paripuriya" ti. Pathamam." (Samyuttanikaya V, 100-104, Bojjhangasamyutta (II), Sakacchavagga (IV), Aharasutta No 1.) Perseverance in the Limbs Food "I will teach you, monks, what is food and what is no food for the five hindrances and for the seven limbs of wisdom. Do ye listen to it. I. The food of the the five hindrances And what, monk, is food for the arising of sensual lust that has not yet arisen, or for the more-becoming and growth of sensual lust already arisen? It is, monk, the alluring feature of things? Unsystematic attention to that is this food for the arising of sensual lust that has not yet arisen, or for the more-becoming and growth thereof, if arisen. And what, monks, is food for the arising of malevolence not yet arisen, or for the morebecoming and growth thereof, if already arisen? It is, monks, the repulsive feature of things. Unsystematic attention to that is food for the arising of malevolence that has not yet arisen ... And what, monks, is food for the arising of sloth and torpor not yet arisen, or for the more-becoming and growth thereof, if already arisen? It is, monks, regret, drowsiness, languor, surfeit after meals, torpidity of mind. Unsystematic attention to that, monks, is this food for the arising of sloth and torpor . . � And what, monks, is food for the arising of excitement and flurry not yet arisen, or for the more-becoming and growth thereof if already arisen? It is, non-tranquillity

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322 of mind. Unsystematic attention to that, monks, is this food for the arising of excitement and flurry not yet arisen. . . And what, monks, is food for the arising of doubt and wavering not yet arisen, or for the more-becoming and growth thereof, if already arisen? It is things which are based on doubt and wavering. Unsystematic attention to that, monks, is this food for the arising of doubt and waverring not yet arisen, or for the more-becoming and growth of doubt and wavering that have already arisen. II. The food of the limbs of wisdom And what, monks, is food for the arising of the limb of wisdom that is mindfulness not yet arisen, or for the cultivation and fulfillment thereof, if already arisen? There are, monks, things based on the limb of wisdom that is mindfulness. Systematic attention thereto, if made much of, is this food for the arising of mindfulness. And what, monk, is food for the arising of Norm-investigation which has not yet arisen, or for the cultivation and fulfillment thereof of already arisen? There are, monks, things good and bad, things blameworthy and things not blameworthy, things mean and things exalted, things that are constituent parts of darkness and light. Systematic attention thereto, if made much of, is this food for the arising of the limb of wisdom which is Norm-investigation, if not yet arisen (or for the more-becoming and growth thereof), for its cultivation and fulfillment, if already arisen. And what, monks, is food for the arising of limb of wisdom that is energy not yet arisen, or for the cultivation and fulfillment thereof, if already arisen? There is, monks, the element of putting forth effort, the element of exertion, the element of striving. Systematic attention thereto, if made much of, is this food.. And what, monks, is food for the arising of the limb of wisdom that is zest which has not yet arisen, or for the cultivation and fulfillment thereof, if already arisen? There are, monks, things based on the limb of wisdom that is zest. Systematic attention thereto, if made much of, is this food the arising . . . And what, monks, is food for the arising of the limb of wisdom that is tranquility which has not yet arisen, ot for the cultivation and fulfillment thereof, if already arisen? There is, monks, tranquility of body and there is tranquility of mind. Systematic attention thereto, if made much of, is food for the arising of the limb of wisdom that is tranquility which has not yet arisen, (or for the more-becoming and growth thereof), for its cultivation and fulfillment, if already arisen.

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323 And what, monks, is food for the arising of the limb of wisdom that is concentration which has not yet arisen, or for ... There are, monks, sights, that calm, that bewilder not. Systematic attention thereto is this food for the arising of concentration . . . or for its cultivation and fulfillment, if already arisen. And what, monks, is food for the arising of the limb of wisdom, that is equanimity not yet arisen, or for its cultivation and fulfillment, if it has already arisen? There are, monks, things based on the limb of wisdom that is equanimity. Systematic attention thereto, if made much of, is this food for the arising of the limb of wisdom that is equanimity not yet arisen, or for its cultivation and fulfillment, if it has already arisen. III. No food for the hindrances And what, monk, is no food for the arising of sensual lust not yet arisen, or for the more-becoming and growth thereof, if already arisen? There is, monks, the repulsive feature of things. Systematic attention thereto, if made much of, is no food for the arising of sensual lust, if not yet arisen, or for its more-becoming and growth if already arisen. And what, monks, is no food for the arising of malevolence not yet arisen, or for the more-becoming and growth thereof, if already arisen? It is a heart released by goodwill. Systematic attention thereto, if made much of, is no food for the arising of malevolence, if not yet arisen, or for its more-becoming, if already arisen. And what, monks, is no food for the arising of sloth and torpor not yet arisen, or for the more-becoming and growth thereof, if already arisen? It is the element of putting forth effort, the element of exertion, the element of striving. Systematic attention thereto if made much of, is no food for the arising of sloth and torpor not yet arisen ... And what, monks, is no food for the arising of excitement and flurry not yet arisen, or for the more-becoming and growth thereof, if aleady arisen? It is tranquility of mind. Systematic attention thereto, of made much of, is o food for the arising of excitement and flurry not yet arisen or for the morebecoming thereof, if already arisen. Anh what, monks, is no food for doubt and wavering not yet arisen, or for the more-becoming and growth thereof, if already arisen.

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324 There are, monks, things good and things bad, things blameworthy and things not blameworthy, things mean and things exalted, things that are constituent parts of darkness and light. Systematic attention thereto, if made much of, is no food for the more-becoming and growth thereof, if already arisen. IV. No food for the limbs of wisdom And what, monks, is no food for the arising of the limb of wisdom that is mindfulness, if not yet arisen, or for the cultivation and fulfillment of mindfulness that is already arisen? There are, monks, things based on the limb of wisdom that is mindfulness. Unsystematic attention thereof, if made much of, is no food for the arising of the limb of wisdom that is mindfulness not yet arisen, or for the cultivation and fulfillment thereof, if already arisen. And what, monks, is no food for the arising of the limb of wisdom that is Norm-investigation, if not yet arisen, or for the cultivation and fulfillment thereof, if already arisen? There are, monks, things good and things bad, things blameworthy and things not blameworthy, things mean and things exalted, things that are constituent parts of darkness and light. Unsystematic attention thereto, if made much of, is no food for arising of the limb of wisdom that is Norm-investigation, or for the cultivation and fulfillment thereof, if already arisen. And what, monks, is no food for the arising of the limb of wisdom that is energy not yet arisen.? There is, monks, the element of putting forth effort, the element of exertion, the element of striving. Unsystematic attention thereto, if made much of, - this is no food for the arising of the limb of wisdom that is energy . ... And what, monks, is no food for the arising of the limb of wisdom that is zest not yet arisen, or for the cultivation and fulfillment thereof if arisen. There are, monks things based on the limb of wisdom that is zest. Unsystematic attention thereto, if made much of, this is no food for the arising of the limb of wisdom that is zest . . . And what, monks, is no food for the arising of the limb of wisdom that is tranquillity not yet arisen, or for the cultivation and fulfillment thereof, if already arisen?

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325 There is, monks, a tranquility of body and a tranquility of mind. Unsystematic attention thereto, if made much of, this is no food for the arising of the limb of wisdom that is tranquility not yet arisen. And what, monks, is no food for the arising of the limb of wisdom that equanimity not yet arisen, or for the cultivation and fulfillment thereof if already arisen? There are, monks, things based on the limb of wisdom that is tranquility. Unsystematic attention thereto, if made much of, - this is no food for the arising of the limb of wisdom that is tranquility not yet arisen, or for the cultivation and fulfillment thereof, if already arisen." (Tran. Mrs. C.A.F. Rhys Davids, The Book of The Kindred Sayings, part V, PTS, pp. 85-90.)

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