Yogadrstisamuccaya of Haribhadra Suri (Study)
by Riddhi J. Shah | 2014 | 98,110 words
This page relates 鈥楶ratyahara (withdrawal of the senses)鈥� of the study on the Yogadrstisamuccaya: a 6th-century work on Jain Yoga authored by Haribhadra Suri consisting of 228 Sanskrit verses. The book draws from numerous sources on traditional Yoga. Three important topics are stipulated throughout this study: 1) nature of liberation, 2) a liberated soul, and 3) omniscience.鈥擳his section belongs to the series 鈥淭he Eight Yogadrishtis and the nature of a Liberated Soul鈥�.
Go directly to: Footnotes.
Chapter 4.5b - Praty膩h膩ra (withdrawal of the senses)
Haribhadras奴ri states that the 蝉迟丑颈谤腻 诲峁涐梗峁璱鈥檚 understanding always stays with its beholder in any case. It never goes away. It is also characterized by the fifth limb of P膩ta帽jala yoga namely 辫谤补迟测腻丑腻谤补 (withdrawal of the senses)[1] .
According to Jainism right faith is obtained by achieving destruction (办峁测补), destruction-cum-subsidence (办峁测辞辫辞艣补尘补) or subsidence (耻辫补艣补尘补) of the visiondeluding karman (诲补谤艣补苍补尘辞丑补苍墨测补 karman) of the vision-deluding karman (诲补谤艣补苍补尘辞丑补苍墨测补 karman). An aspirant, who completely destroys the vision-deluding karmans with its roots, is said to possess right faith born out of the destruction i.e. 办峁Ｄ乱颈办补 samyaktva. An aspirant, who destroys certain amount of vision deluding karmans and subsides the rest, is called to possess destruction鈥揷um鈥搒ubsidence typed right faith. The last type is the right faith obtained by merely, subsiding the vision-deluding karmans.
The 蝉迟丑颈谤腻 诲峁涐梗峁璱 beholder who possesses first type of right faith is said to perform spiritual activities without transgressions (苍颈谤补迟颈肠腻谤补). Hence the understanding of 蝉迟丑颈谤腻 诲峁涐梗峁璱 stays with him in any case (nitya)[2] . However, in case of second and third type of right faith its beholder, due to partial destruction of vision deluding karmans, is said to perform spiritual activities with transgressions (蝉腻迟颈肠腻谤补). For such a beholder Haribhadras奴ri says that the understanding of 蝉迟丑颈谤腻 诲峁涐梗峁璱 comes and goes due to existence of transgressions (补迟颈肠腻谤补). Haribhadras奴ri says that the person, whose vision had been impaired by a previously occurred eye disease, will not be able to perceive things properly in darkness. In the same way the understanding of the 蝉迟丑颈谤腻 诲峁涐梗峁璱 beholder, who possesses either destruction-cum-subsidence type of right faith (办峁Ｄ乱辞辫补艣补尘颈办补 蝉补尘测补驳诲补谤艣补苍补) or right faith born out of the subsidence (耻辫补艣补尘补 蝉补尘测补驳诲补谤艣补苍补), is obscured by existence of transgressions. This state of a subject in question is compared with a gem covered with dust by Haribhadras奴ri. The dust makes the shine of the gem dull. Similarly the transgressions cause fluctuations in the stability of 蝉迟丑颈谤腻 诲峁涐梗峁璱鈥檚 understanding[3] .
Haribhadras奴ri says that the understanding of the fifth 诲峁涐梗峁璱, which is constant/permanent (nitya), is characterized by withdrawal of senses (辫谤补迟测腻丑腻谤补). It is the fifth limb of P膩ta帽jala 驰辞驳补蝉奴迟谤补.
He defines it as follows:
鈥�svavi峁y膩'sa峁僷rayogo svacittasvar奴p膩nuk膩r墨vendriy膩峁嚹佱箖 辫谤补迟测腻丑腻谤补岣� | [4] 鈥�
鲍辫腻诲丑测腻测补 驰补艣辞惫颈箩补测补 defines the withdrawal of senses [i.e., 辫谤补迟测腻丑腻谤补] in the twenty fourth 诲惫腻迟谤颈峁兣沬办腻 of his treatise Dv膩tri峁兣沘d-诲惫腻迟谤颈峁兣沬办腻. He says that the state where the senses do not stay in contact with their own subjects but incline towards the inner self, is called the withdrawal of senses. This state accomplishes into the attainment of highest degree of control over the senses.[5]
The commentator of 狈补测补濒补迟腻 says that,
鈥�jainadar艣an膩'nus膩re峁嘺 tu 艣abd膩divi峁y膩峁嚹乵apr膩pt膩n膩峁� 苍颈谤辞诲丑补岣�, 办补谤峁嚹乨颈驳辞肠补谤补尘腻驳补迟别峁 肠别峁ａ弓腻'ni峁ａ弓e峁 te峁 谤腻驳补-dve峁nigraha岣� 辫谤补迟测腻丑腻谤补岣� kathyate | [6] 鈥�
In Oghaniryukti 产丑腻峁补 it is said that,
鈥�i峁僤iyavisayaniroho pattesu vi谤腻驳补-dosaniggaha峁嘺峁� | [7] 鈥�
In 顿补艣补惫补颈办腻濒颈办补 niryukti we find following verse where the word 颈峁僤颈测补辫辫补峁噄丑墨 seems to refer the concept of the withdrawal of the senses [i.e., 辫谤补迟测腻丑腻谤补]. The verse is:
鈥�saddesu a r奴vesu a ga峁僤hesu rasesu taha ya ph膩sesu |
na vi rajjai na vi dussai es膩 khalu 颈峁僤颈测补辫辫补峁噄丑墨 || [8] 鈥�
Footnotes and references:
[1]:
[2]:
蝉迟丑颈谤腻y膩 d峁涐梗峁璦u da艣arna峁� bodhalak峁峁嘺,峁� nityamapratip膩ti niratic膩r膩y膩m,.......... || 154 ||
&苍产蝉辫;&苍产蝉辫;&苍产蝉辫;鈥揂uto-commentary on Yoga诲峁涐梗峁璱samuccaya
[3]:
, s膩tic膩r膩y膩峁� tu prak峁Ｄ箛anayanapa峁璦lopadravyasya tadat啷� ko (?)辫腻诲测补苍补惫补产辞诲丑补办补濒辫补尘补苍颈迟测补尘补辫颈 bhavati tath膩tic膩rabh膩v膩t, ratnaprabh膩y膩mapi dh奴ly膩der奴padrava岣� || 154 ||
&苍产蝉辫;&苍产蝉辫;&苍产蝉辫;鈥搃bid.
[5]:
vi峁y膩'samaprayoge'nta岣var奴p膩'nuk峁� ti岣� kila |
praty膩h膩roh峁涐梗墨k膩峁嚹乵etad膩yattat膩phala岣� || 24.2 ||
&苍产蝉辫;&苍产蝉辫;&苍产蝉辫;鈥揤ol. 6, Pg: 1619
[6]:
Dv膩tri峁兣沘d 诲惫腻迟谤颈峁兣沬办腻, part: 6, Pg: 1620, 1621
[7]:
Oghaniryukti产丑腻峁补 鈥�167.
[8]:
顿补艣补惫补颈办腻濒颈办补niryukti 鈥�295.