Tattvartha Sutra (with commentary)
by Vijay K. Jain | 2018 | 130,587 words | ISBN-10: 8193272625 | ISBN-13: 9788193272626
This page describes the characteristics of matter (pudgala-lakshana) which is verse 5.23 of the English translation of the Tattvartha Sutra which represents the essentials of Jainism and Jain dharma and deals with the basics on Karma, Cosmology, Ethics, Celestial beings and Liberation. The Tattvarthasutra is authorative among both Digambara and Shvetambara. This is verse 23 of the chapter The Non-living Substances and includes an extensive commentary.
Verse 5.23 - The characteristics of matter (pudgala-濒补办峁峁嘺)
Sanskrit text, Unicode transliteration and English translation of Tattvartha 蝉奴迟谤补 5.23:
啶膏啶ぐ啷嵿ざ啶班じ啶椸え啷嵿ぇ啶掂ぐ啷嵿ぃ啶掂え啷嵿い啶� 啶啶︵啶椸げ啶距 啷� 啷�.啷ㄠォ 啷�
蝉辫补谤艣补rasagandha惫补谤峁嘺vanta岣� pudgal膩岣� || 5.23 ||
The forms of matter (pudgala) are characterized by touch (蝉辫补谤艣补), taste (rasa), smell (gandha) and colour (惫补谤峁嘺). (23)
Hindi Anvayarth:
啶呧え啷嵿さ啶ぞ啶班啶�: [啶膏啶ぐ啷嵿ざ 啶班じ 啶椸え啷嵿ぇ 啶掂ぐ啷嵿ぃ啶掂え啷嵿い啶僝 啶膏啶ぐ啷嵿ざ, 啶班じ, 啶椸え啷嵿ぇ 啶斷ぐ 啶掂ぐ啷嵿ぃ 啶掂ぞ啶侧 [啶啶︵啶椸げ啶距] 啶啶︵啶椸げ 啶︵啶班さ啷嵿く 啶灌啶傕イ
Anvayartha: [sparsha rasa gandha varnavantah] sparsha, rasa, gandha aura varna vale [pudgalah] pudgala dravya haim |
Explanation in English from 膧c膩rya P奴jyap膩da鈥檚 Sarv膩rthasiddhi:
What are the special marks (濒补办峁峁嘺) of the matter (pudgala)?
What is touched or touching alone is touch (蝉辫补谤艣补). It is of eight kinds, namely, soft (komala), hard (办补峁环辞谤补), heavy (产丑腻谤墨), light (丑补濒办腻), cold (峁环补艅岣嵞�), hot (garma), smooth (snigdha) and rough (谤奴办峁). What is tasted or tasting alone is taste (rasa). It is of five kinds: bitter (迟墨迟腻), sour (办丑补峁弓腻), acidic (办补岣岛腻), sweet (尘墨峁环腻) and astringent (办补蝉补颈濒腻). What is smelt or smelling alone is smell (gandha). It is of two kinds: pleasant smell (sugandha) and unpleasant smell (durgandha). Colour is of five kinds: black (办腻濒腻), blue (苍墨濒腻), yellow (辫墨濒腻), white (safeda) and red (濒腻濒补). The foregoing are the principal divisions. And the subdivisions of each of these may be numerable (蝉补峁僰丑测腻迟补), innumerable (a蝉补峁僰丑测腻迟补) and infinite (ananta). These鈥搕ouch, taste, smell and colour鈥揳re always associated with the matter (pudgala). For instance, we speak of the (Indian) fig tree possessing milky juice. A question is raised. In 蝉奴迟谤补 5-5, it has been said, 鈥楾hings which have form鈥�谤奴辫墨鈥揷onstitute the matter (pudgala).鈥� And, it has been explained that form (colour) includes taste, smell and touch also. Thus the characteristics of the matter have already been established. This 蝉奴迟谤补, therefore, is unnecessary. But this is untenable. 厂奴迟谤补 5-4 says, 鈥楾he substances (dravya) are eternal (nitya), fixed-in-number (avasthita) and colourless (a谤奴辫墨)鈥�. That would imply that matter also is non-material鈥�a谤奴辫墨鈥搇ike the rest. 厂奴迟谤补 5-5 was intended to exclude that view. The present 蝉奴迟谤补 is intended to explain the distinctive characteristics of the forms of matter (pudgala).