Tattvartha Sutra (with commentary)
by Vijay K. Jain | 2018 | 130,587 words | ISBN-10: 8193272625 | ISBN-13: 9788193272626
This page describes the lifetime of beings which is verse 2.53 of the English translation of the Tattvartha Sutra which represents the essentials of Jainism and Jain dharma and deals with the basics on Karma, Cosmology, Ethics, Celestial beings and Liberation. The Tattvarthasutra is authorative among both Digambara and Shvetambara. This is verse 53 of the chapter Category of the Living and includes an extensive commentary.
Verse 2.53 - The lifetime of beings
Sanskrit text, Unicode transliteration and English translation of Tattvartha 蝉奴迟谤补 2.53:
啶斷お啶ぞ啶︵た啶曕啶班ぎ啷嬥い啷嵿い啶う啷囙す啶距じ啶傕啷嵿く啷囙く啶掂ぐ啷嵿し啶距く啷佮し啷嬥そ啶ㄠお啶掂ぞ啶啶粪 啷� 啷�.啷ォ 啷�
补耻辫补辫腻诲颈办补肠补谤补尘辞迟迟补尘补诲别丑腻蝉补峁僰丑测别测补惫补谤峁Ｄ乱耻峁'苍补辫补惫腻测耻峁岣� || 2.53 ||
The lifetime of beings born in special beds鈥�耻辫补辫腻诲补箩补苍尘补, those with final, superior bodies鈥�caramottamadeha, and those of innumerable (补蝉补峁僰丑测腻迟补) years of age (腻测耻岣� [腻测耻蝉]), cannot be cut short. (53)
Hindi Anvayarth:
啶呧え啷嵿さ啶ぞ啶班啶�: [啶斷お啶ぞ啶︵た啶昡 啶夃お啶ぞ啶� 啶溹え啷嵿ぎ啶掂ぞ啶侧 啶︵啶� 啶斷ぐ 啶ㄠぞ啶班啷�, [啶氞ぐ啶� 啶夃い啷嵿い啶� 啶︵啶灌ぞ啶僝 啶氞ぐ啶� 啶夃い啷嵿い啶� 啶︵啶� 啶掂ぞ啶侧 啶呧ぐ啷嵿ぅ啶距い啷� 啶夃じ啷� 啶さ 啶啶� 啶啶曕啶� 啶溹ぞ啶ㄠ 啶掂ぞ啶侧 啶むぅ啶� [啶呧じ啶傕啷嵿く啷囙く啶掂ぐ啷嵿し 啶嗋く啷佮し啶僝 啶呧じ啶傕啷嵿く啶距い 啶掂ぐ啷嵿し 啶嗋く啷� 啶掂ぞ啶侧 啶啶椸き啷傕ぎ啶� 啶曕 啶溹啶掂啶� 啶曕 [啶嗋く啷佮し啶� 啶呧え啶さ啶班啶むた] 啶嗋く啷� 啶呧お啶掂ぐ啷嵿い啶� 啶班す啶苦い 啶灌啶む 啶灌啷�
Anvayartha: [aupapadika] upapada janmavale deva aura naraki, [carama uttama dehah] carama uttama deha vale arthat usi bhava mem moksha jane vale tatha [asamkhyeyavarsha ayushah] asamkhyata varsha ayu vale bhogabhumi ke jivom ki [ayushah anapavarti] ayu apavartana rahita hoti hai |
Explanation in English from 膧c膩rya P奴jyap膩da鈥檚 Sarv膩rthasiddhi:
The celestial and other beings have been described as of several kinds on the basis of birth (janma), seat-of-birth (yoni), body (艣补谤墨谤补) and sign (濒颈峁単补). Depending on the merit (辫耻峁噛补) and the demerit (辫腻辫补), they attain bodies for their lifetime in the four states of existence (gati). Do they attain their next body after living their full lifetime or even prior to it?
鈥楢upap膩dika鈥� has been explained as celestial (deva) and infernal (苍腻谤补办墨) beings, born in special beds. 鈥�Carama鈥� means ultimate or final; 鈥�uttama鈥� means superior. Those endowed with final and superior bodies are 鈥�caramottama鈥�. They are those beings who have reached the end of the cycle of births and deaths and will attain liberation in the same birth. Innumerable is that which is beyond numerable. Life of innumerable years, indicated by palyopama, etc., pertains to the animals and human beings born in the lands of enjoyment, such as Uttarakuru. 鈥�Apavartya 腻测耻岣�鈥� is shortening of life by external causes such as poison, weapons, etc. Those whose lives can be cut short are having 鈥�apavartya 腻测耻岣�鈥� and those whose lives cannot be cut short are having 鈥�anapavartya 腻测耻岣�鈥�. As a rule, the life of the celestial beings and the others mentioned in the 蝉奴迟谤补 cannot be cut short by external causes. There is no such rule for other living beings. The word 鈥�uttama鈥� in the 蝉奴迟谤补 is intended to indicate the superior nature of the final body, and there is no other special meaning.