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Temples of Purushottama Kshetra Puri

by Ratnakar Mohapatra | 2007 | 135,363 words

This essay studies the Temples of Purushottama Kshetra (Puri) which is renowned for its historic and religious significance, situated in Orissa (Odisha) by the Bay of Bengal. Purusottama-ksetra is famous for the Lord Jagannatha temple and numerous smaller temples, it showcases the distinctive Kalinga architectural style. The region serves as a key ...

8. Notes and References for chapter 3

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References: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. N. Senapati & D.C. Kuanr (Eds), Orissa District Gazetteer, Puri, Government Press of Orissa; Cuttack, 1977, p. 779. � The verse occurs in "The Odradesa Rajavamsavali Manuscript", in the collection of Madras Oriental Manuscript Library. R.L. Mitra also makes a reference to this 'inscription' in his work. "The Dasagoba Copper Plate Inscription of Rajaraja III dated Saka 1120 i.e. 1198 AD", in D.C. Sircar and S.R. Sharma (Eds), Epigraphica Indica, Vol. XXXI, 1956-57, pp. 249-262. Pdayu yasya dharantariksam-akhilam nabhis-tu sarvvdisah stotre netrayugam ravinduyugalam murdhapi Ca dyaur-asau / Prasadam Purusottamasya nrpateh ko nama karttum ksmas tasyate adyanrpair-upeksitamayam cakre'tha Gangesvarah // M.M.Chakravarti, "The Date of the Jagannatha Temple in Puri", in JASB, Vol.-67/4, Calcutta, 1898, p.328. 6. "Dasagoba Copper Plate Inscription of Rajraj-III, dated Saka 1120 i.e.1198 AD", in Op-cit, pp.249-262. Also see S.N.Rajguru, Op-cit, Vol-V; Part-1, 1975, pp.7-11. 7. Katakarajavamsavali; A Traditional Account of Orissa with Special reference to Jagannatha Temple, Vol-1, Text and Translation by G.C.Tripathy and H.Kulke, Allahabad, 1987, p.20. 8. R.L.Mitra, The Antiquities of Orissa, Vol-II, New Delhi, 1984, p.184, 194. Also see Robert Donbar, Temples of Jagannatha Puri, 1913, Delhi, First Indian Reprint-1999, p.27. And also see H.K.Mahatab, Odissa Itihas (Oriya); Part-1, Cuttack, 1977, p.114. 121

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9. 10. S.N. Rajguru, Inscriptions of the Temples of Puri and Origin of Sri Purusottama Jagannatha, Vol.I, Sri Jagannatha Sanskrit Vishva Vidyalaya; Puri, 1992, p.29. R.Subba Rao, "Rule of Codaganga Deva", in JAHRS, Vol. VII, p. 58. 11. S.N.Rajguru, Inscriptions of Orissa, Vol. III; Part-II, Orissa State Museum; Bhubaneswar, 1961, p.396. 12. Arjun Joshi, "History of Lord Jagannatha Temple", in D. Panda & S.C. Panigrahi (Eds), The Cult and Culture of Lord Jagannatha, Cuttack, 1984, p. 148. 13. Ratnakar Mohapatra, "The Date of the Jagannatha Temple at Puri", in PIHC, 65th Session, Delhi, 2005, pp. 1121-1132 14. Percy Brown, Indian Architecture (Buddhist and Hindu Periods), Bombay, 1965, p.105. 15. M.M.Ganguly, Orissa and Her Remains; Ancient and Medieval, Calcutta, 1912, p.417. 16. R.L. Mitra, Op-cit, Reprint 1984. 17. Silpa Prakasa of R.C. Kaulachara "Translated and Annotated by Alice Borner and Sadasiva Ratha Sharma, Leiden, 1966. Also see, J.B. Padhi, Sri Jagannatha at Puri, Puri, 2000, p.115. 18. M.M.Ganguly, Op-cit, pp 411-412. 19. 20. 21. K.S. Behera, Temples of Orissa, Orissa Sahitya Academy; Bhubaneswar, 1993, p.57. P. Acharya, Studies in Orissan History, Archaeology and Archieves, Cuttack, 1969, p.304. According to the Madalapanji, the temple was plastered and white washed four times during from AD 1627 to 1803 AD. Sashadhar Kar, Puri Guide, Puri, 1992, pp. 38-39. 22. A.B.Mohanty, Madalapanji,Prachi Samiti; Cuttack 1932,Reprinted at Orissa 23. SahityaAcademi;Bhubaneswar,2001,p.47.Alsosee Pt.S.N.Das, Op-cit, 1966, p.152. Robert Dunbar, Temples of Jagannatha Puri, New Delhi, Indian Reprint, 1999, p.31. 122

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24. R.L.Mitra, Op-cit, 1984, pp. 210-211. Also see N. Senapati & D.C. Kuanr (Eds), Op-cit, p. 784. 25. S.N.Rajguru, "Sri Jagannathanka Ratnasimhasanara Abhilekha" (Oriya), in Utkala Prasanga, Orissa Government Press; Cuttack, July; 26. 27 1988, p. 7. N. Senapati & D.C. Kuanr, (Eds), Op-cit, p. 784. 28. M.M.Ganguly, Op-cit, p. 417. R.L. Mitra, Op-cit, p. 194. 29. R.L. Mitra, Op-cit, p. 194. 30. K.C. Mishra, The Cult of Jagannatha, Calcutta, 1971, p.108. 31. K.S.Behera, Op-cit, 1993, p.58. 32. R.P. Mohapatra, Archaeology in Orissa; Sites and Monuments, Vol.1, New Delhi, 1986, p.166. 33. R.L. Mitra, Op-cit, p. 199. 34. K.C. Mishra, Op-cit, p. 108. 35. M.M.Ganguly, Op-cit, pp. 418-419. 36. S.S. Gupta, Puri; Lord Jagannatha's Dhama, New Delhi, 2002, p. 58. 37. P.K. Pattanaik, "Historic Monuments in the Ksetra of Jagannatha", in M.N. 38. Dash (Ed), Side lights on History and Culture of Orissa, Cuttack, 1977, p. 511. T.E. Donaldson, Hindu Temple Art of Orissa, Vol.I, Leiden, 1985, p.404. 39. R.L.Mitra, Op-cit, p.200. 40. Ibid, pp.213-228. 41. K.C. Mishra, Op-cit, p. 63. 42. R.L. Mitra, Op-cit, p.200, Also see Alice Borner, R.P.Das and Sadashiva Ratha Sharma, New Light on the Sun Temple of Konarka, Baranasi, 1972, pp. 110-111. 43. A.B. Mohanty(Ed), Madalapanji, (Prachi Edition) Madalapanji,(Prachi Edition) Utkala University, Bhubaneswar, 1969, p. 48. Also see Chintamani Acharya, "A Short Account of Puri", in Orissa Review; Monumental Special, Orissa Government Press, Cuttack, 1949, pp.21-24. 123

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44. T.E. Donaldson, Op-cit., p. 404. Also see P. Acharya, "Studies in the Temple Architecture of Orissa", in OHRJ, Vol. XII; No.1, Cuttack, 1964, p.20. 45. K.C. Mishra, Op-cit, p. 62. This inscription is noticed in the natamandapa of the Jagannatha Temple. 46. Pt. S.N.Das, Jagannatha Mandira O Jagannatha Tatwa (Oriya), Cuttack, 1966, p. 287. 47. M.M.Ganguly, Op-cit, p. 410. 48. G.C. Chauley, Conservation of Lord Jagannatha Temple at Puri, Archaeological Survey of India, Bhubaneswar Circle (Orissa), 1993, p.2. 49. M.M.Ganguly, Op-cit, p.411. According to R.L. Mitra (Op-cit, Vol. II, p. 192) the wall measurements are 400 feet by 278 feet. 50. A.B.Mohanty, Op-cit, Orissa Sahitya Academy; Bhubaneswar, 2001, p.31. 51. S.S. Gupta, Chaar Dham; A Guide to the Hindu Pilgrimages, New Delhi, 2003, p. 143. 52. R.P.Mohaptra, "The Paintings of Jagannatha in Orissa State Museum", in OHRJ, Vol-XII; No-4, Orissa Government Press; Cuttack, p.43. 53. Percy Brown, Op-cit., p. 106. N. Senapati & D.C. Kuanr, (Eds), Op-cit, p.780. 54. R.L. Mitra, Op-cit, p. 190. 55. 56. R. L. Mitra, Op-cit, p. 190. 57. 58. 59. G.C. Chauley, Op-cit, 1993, pp.7-8. Brahmacari Shanti Prakasa, sri sri Purusottama O Tritha Parikrama (Bengali), Puri, 1962, p.8. Also see Prafulla Pattanaik, "Ratnavedi", in B.M.Mohanty & S.C.Mohanty(Eds), Sri Ksetra: Sri Jagannatha(Oriya), Vol-II, Utkala Pathaka Sansada; Cuttack, 1987, p.24. R.L. Mitra, Op-cit, pp. 203-204. 60. P.K. Parija & S.C. Mukharjee (Eds.), Orissa Past and Present, p. 202. 61. R.L. Mitra, Op-cit, Wood Cut No. 12, p. 203. 62. Ibid, P. 205. 63. Pt. Sadashiva Mishra, Prachina Utkala O Jagannatha Mandiara, pp.469-70. 64. K.C. Mishra, The Cult of Jagannatha, Calcutta, 1971, p. III. 124

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65. 66. 67. Pt. Sadasiva Mishra, Op-cit, pp. 469-70. R.L. Mitra, Op-cit, p.205. N. Senapati & D.C. Kuanr (Eds.), Op-cit, p. 808. Ibid, p. 784. R.L. Mitra, Op-cit, P. 197. 68. 69. 70. K.C. Mishra, Op-cit, plate No. 32. 71. M.M. Ganguly, Op-cit, p. 415. 72. P. Acharya, Op-cit, 1964, p.9. .73. 74. 75. 76. R.P. Mohapatra, Op-cit, 1986, p. 165. G.C. Chauley, Op-cit, 1993, p.9. Also see "Twenty-four forms of Lord Visnu", in P.K. Mishra & K.K. Dasgupta (Eds), Studies in the Cult of Jagannatha, Institute of Orissan Culture; Bhubaneswar, 1991, pp. 30-35. The twenty-four names of Lord Visnu are mentioned in Varaha mihira's Brhat Samhita, Vol-II, Verse-57, Matsya Purana, Chapter-25, Verse-10, Agni Purana, Chapter-44, Verse-53. G.C. Chauley, "Gods and Goddesses of Hindu pantheon as discovered on the outer walls of Lord Jagannath temple, Puri", in Orissa Review, Cuttack, July; 1996, pp.51-56. 77. M.M. Ganguly, Op-cit, p. 426. 78. Ratnagiri Rao, Cultural Advancement of Orissa Under the Gangas of Kalinga, Calcutta, 1994, p. 195. 79. K.S. Behera, Op-cit, p. 57. 80. There is a similar panel representing the worship of Mihimsamardini Durga, Jagannatha and Siva linga on the southern face of the berm of vimana of the Sun temple of Konarka. 81. 82. Pt. S.N. Das, Op-cit, 1966, p. 286. H.S. Pattanaik, "Iconography and Sculptural Art of Jagannatha Temple", in UHRJ, Utkal University; Bhubaneswar, 1992, p. 77. 83. K.C. Mishra, Op-cit, p. 197. 84. N. Senapati & D.C. Kuanr (Eds), Op-cit, p. 784. 85. H.S. Pattanaik, Op-cit, p.76. 86. K.C. Mishra, Op-cit, Plate No. - 20. 87. U.K. Subhudhi, "Episodes from Krsna's life in the Sculptures of Jagannatha Temple", in B. Das & B.K. Nanda (Eds), The Eternal Pursuit, Puri, 1990, p.85. 88. K.C. Mishra, Op-cit, p. 107. 89. M.M. Ganguly, Op-cit, p. 414. 125

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90. Debangana Desai, Erotic Sculptures of India, A Socio-Cultural Study, New Delhi, 1975, p. 45. 91. R.L. Mitra, Op-cit, pp. 213-218. 92. K.C. Mishra, Op-cit, Plate No. 33. 93. Ibid, p. 115. 94. Ibid. 95. H.S.Pattanaik, Op-cit, p. 76. 96. M.M. Ganguly, Op-cit, p. 421. 97. R.L. Mitra, Op-cit, p. 189. 98. H.S. Pattanaik, Op-cit, p.80. 99. R.P. Mohapatra, Op-cit, 1986, p.161. 100. H.S. Pattanaik, Lord Jagannatha (His Temple, Cult and Festivals), New Delhi, 1994, p. 133. 101. D.P.Pattanaik, "Orissan Art", in MN.Das (Ed), Sidelights on History and Culture of Orissa, Cuttack, 1977, p.467. 102. Binod Routray, "Traditions in Paintings", in Art Tradition of Orissa, Edited by Orissa Sahitya Akademi; Bhubaneswar, 1982, p.57. 103. Ibid. 104. Brahma Purana, Chapter-64, Slokas, 7-11, Skanda Purana, Utkala khanda, Chapter-42; Sloka-2, 126

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