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The river 骋补峁単腻 or the Ganges is a major river of the Indian subcontinent, associated in myth and reality with the land and people of India as well as neighbouring countries like Bangladesh. It holds an important place in the Hindu religion. In Hinduism, the river 骋补峁単腻 is personified as Goddess. In Hindu mythology, it is believed that taking bath in the river 骋补峁単腻 causes the absolution of sins and facilities the attainment of salvation (苍颈谤惫腻峁嘺). The deep rooted truth is proved by the fact that people travel from distant places to immerse the ashes of their kin in the waters of the 骋补峁単腻 at V膩r膩nas墨 or other places located on the banks of this holy river. Some of these sacred places, located on the 骋补峁単腻, are鈥擵膩r膩nas墨, Haridw膩r and 笔谤补测腻驳 (Allahabad).^[1] The 骋补峁単腻 is so called because she purifies the world by her waters. The partisans call her 痴颈峁ａ箛耻辫补诲墨 out of devotion for her.^[2] Formerly, she forced her way out of the nails of the left feet of 痴颈峁ａ箛耻 whose symbol is sacrificed. In the beginning, 骋补峁単腻 broke through the upper part of the cosmic egg. She rushed into the belly of the lord, the destroyer, of the sins of the people and purified herself by contact with the filament of his lotus feet. She destroys contaminants by her very sight, touch, bathes and creates devotion for the feet of 痴颈峁ａ箛耻. 骋补峁単腻 is worthy of worship. Those who remember her as rising from the feet of Hari attain liberation.^[3] Indra too, who drank in the heap of breath pressed, with hands, by the wind-god was not able to bear her upon his head. Lord 艢颈惫补 moved by devotion at heart. 艢颈惫补 took her up with reverence upon his head through which inauspicious became auspicious.^[4]

骋补峁単腻 had four forms. As the wife of chief physician Janendra, she was called 础产丑颈峁�e肠补苍墨. In her second form, she became the wife of 艢补苍迟补苍耻. As the wife of 厂耻峁�e峁嘺, a monkey-chief, she was called 厂耻峁�e峁嚹�. Being the wife of 惭补峁囜笉奴办补, she was called Ma峁囜笉ukin墨.^[5]

The 骋补峁単腻 is the famous and holy river of India. 骋补峁単腻 had its origin during the incarnation of 痴颈峁ａ箛耻 as 痴腻尘补苍补. When 痴腻尘补苍补 measured the three worlds in three steps the nails on his left feet were raised high. They caused a hole on the upper side of the universe. 骋补峁単腻, starting from the finger of 痴颈峁ａ箛耻鈥檚 feet, fell in heaven.^[6]

The goddess 骋补峁単腻 has the form of 痴颈峁ａ箛耻 and also is known by the name of 痴颈峁ａ箛耻辫补诲墨. For many yugas (eras) this river confined itself to the heights of the sky, otherwise called 痴颈峁ａ箛耻pada. This particular spot is known as 顿丑谤耻惫补尘补峁囜笉补濒补 as it is here that Dhruva, son of King 鲍迟迟腻苍补辫腻诲补, does, his penance. The seven sages who constantly go round and round the

顿丑谤耻惫补尘补峁囜笉补濒补 take their bath in this holy river. The course of the river starts from 痴颈峁ａ箛耻pada. It falls on the 诲别惫补测腻苍补 glittering with crores of 惫颈尘腻苍补蝉 and therefore, it descends on 颁补苍诲谤补尘补峁囜笉补濒补 which it submerges. It follows its course again from there dividing itself into four tributaries called 厂墨迟腻, 颁补办峁�u蝉, Alak膩nand膩 and 叠丑补诲谤腻. Again, it falls in Brahmaloka where from it flows in all directions. Of the four tributaries, 厂墨迟腻 falls on the head of Mount Meru, flows down to 骋补苍诲丑补尘腻诲补苍补 and then circling through 叠丑腻谤补迟补惫补谤峁�a and falls into the eastern sea. 颁补办峁�u蝉 falls on the peaks of mount 惭腻濒测补惫腻苍. It flows through 碍别迟耻尘腻濒补 and falls into the western sea. Alak膩nand膩 falls on mount 贬别尘补办奴峁璦, flows through 叠丑腻谤补迟补惫补谤峁�a and falls into the southern sea. 叠丑补诲谤腻 falls on the head of mount 艢峁涐箙驳补惫腻苍. It flows through Uttarkura and falls into the northern sea. Alak膩nand膩 flows through 叠丑腻谤补迟补惫补谤峁�a and is considered as the most sacred of the four tributaries. 骋补峁単腻 which flowed through heaven fell on the earth after thousands of years of its origin.^[7]

Footnotes and references:

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[1]:

vak峁�ye pray膩gam膩h膩tmya峁� bhuktimuktiprada峁� param | pray膩ge brahmavi峁ａ箛v膩dy膩 dev膩 munivar膩岣� sthit膩岣� || Agni Pur膩峁嘺,111.1-3 sarita岣� s膩gar膩 siddh膩 gandharv膩psarasastath膩 | tatra tr墨峁噛agniku峁囜笉膩ni tesa峁� madhye tu j膩hnav墨 ||

[2]:

eto ga峁単eti s膩 j帽ey膩 蝉补谤惫补诲腻 lokap膩van墨 | bhakty膩 vi峁ａ箛upad墨tyeva k墨rtit膩 n膩tra 蝉补峁兣沘测补岣� || Garu岣峚 Pur膩峁嘺, 29.5 (Brahma 碍丑腻峁囜笉补)

[3]:

y膩 p奴rvak膩le yaj帽ali峁単asya vi峁ａ箛o岣� s膩k峁Ｄ乨dharervikramata岣� khage峁卍ra | v膩masya p膩dasya nakh膩grata艣ca nirbhidya codhv膩ra峁僤aka峁�膩hakha峁囜笉am || Ibid., 29.6-7

[4]:

indropi v膩yukaramardit膩yuk奴峁璦bi峁僤u峁� ca | pra艣ya 艣irasi hyasahi峁ａ箛m膩na岣� || Ibid., 29.8

[5]:

bh膩g墨rathy膩墨 catv膩ri r奴p膩峁噛as膩snkhage艣vara | mah膩bhi峁�agjane峁僤rasya 产丑腻谤测腻 tu hyabhi峁�ecan墨 || Ibid., 29.9-11

[6]:

办补迟丑补峁� kutra yuge kena 辫谤腻谤迟丑颈迟补 辫谤别谤颈迟腻 辫耻谤腻 | tatkrama峁� 艣rotumiccc膩mi 辫腻辫补驳丑苍补峁� pu峁噛ada峁� 艣ubham || Brahmavaivarta Pur膩峁嘺, 2.10.3

[7]:

cf., Pur膩峁噄c encyclopedia, p.276