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[Full title: Images of 罢墨谤迟丑补峁卥补谤补 艢腻苍迟颈苍腻迟丑补 (4): Miniature 罢墨谤迟丑补峁卥补谤补 and Planatary Deities type of 艢腻苍迟颈苍腻迟丑补 Sculptures]

A magnificient image of 罢墨谤迟丑补峁卥补谤补 艢腻苍迟颈苍腻迟丑补 (Roy 1989: 44-47) is presently worshiped in a modern temple of Babladiha, Burdwan district (Pl.XXVIII.F). However, at present this image is worshiped as Nyantesvara 艢颈惫补 (Majumder 2012a: 128-137). The present image was discovered from the nearby river bed of the Ajay by one of the forefather of the present Brahmin custodians of the deity. The image (132 cm x 19.4 cm x 12 cm) was carved out of fine-grained blackbasalt, probably quarried from the neighboring hills of Rajmahal of Bihar. The 尘奴濒补苍腻测补办补 bears a svelte figure and the carving of the image is very sophisticated. The central figure stands in 办腻测辞迟蝉补谤驳补 posture on a 惫颈艣惫补辫补诲尘补 placed on a sapta-ratha pedestal. Both the arms of the 罢墨谤迟丑补峁卥补谤补 hang down vertically along the stiff torso and the finger tips touching the thigh on both side and his both legs come close to each other. The hair style of this image shows schematic curls and his lips are thick. The image has elongated ear-lobes touching the shoulder of the 罢墨谤迟丑补峁卥补谤补 and his facial expression is more lucid. The chest of the 罢墨谤迟丑补峁卥补谤补 has the depiction of nipples. In the image the composition of space is well integrated and the yogic or spiritual power of the 尘奴濒补-苍腻测补办补 is reflected by the skillful carving. The central figure is flanked by two male 肠补耻谤墨-bearers standing in 腻产丑补峁単补 postures on the double petalled lotus. Both of them wear highly bejewelled 尘耻办耻峁璦, ratna-办耻峁囜笉补濒补蝉, necklace and is clad in a diaphanous uttariya and dhoti. The dhoti reaches up to the knees and is tied by a girdle with a knot in its both side and from the former hangs the tassels. The two 肠补耻谤墨-bearers are holding a fly-brush in one hand and the other rests on thigh. The embellishments and physical features of the 肠补耻谤墨-bearers show a much higher degree of artistic proficiency and their representations are quite lively and are in graceful

The back-slab of the image is rectangular and is surmounted by an arched top. The head of the 罢墨谤迟丑补峁卥补谤补 is covered with the usual sacred trilinear umbrella. 颁补颈迟测补惫峁沰蝉补, the tree associated with the 办别惫补濒补箩帽腻苍补 of the 罢墨谤迟丑补峁卥补谤补 艢腻苍迟颈苍腻迟丑补 is nandi 惫峁沰蝉补 stylistically depicted below the chatra. On both sides of the 耻峁ａ箛墨峁�a of the 尘奴濒补-苍腻测补办补 the heavenly musician-couple playing drums are just below the kevala 惫峁沰蝉补, while gandharvas with garlands are occupies the space on the both side of the oval-shaped halo or 辫谤补产腻尘补峁囜笉补濒补. Other characteristic features of the image are four miniature Jinas depicted on either side of the central figure or 尘奴濒补-苍腻测补办补.

Among these the two depicted on the lower part, standing in 办腻测辞迟蝉补谤驳补 posture on double petaled lotus besides the 肠补耻谤墨-bearers, are without their usual 濒腻帽肠丑补苍补蝉. The other two miniature form of 罢墨谤迟丑补峁卥补谤补s are also standing in 办腻补测辞迟蝉补谤驳补 posture on double pettaled lotus on either side of the upper part of the main image and are identified as third 罢墨谤迟丑补峁卥补谤补 厂补峁僢丑补惫补苍腻迟丑补 in the right side of the 尘奴濒补-苍腻测补办补 and twelve 罢墨谤迟丑补峁卥补谤补 痴腻蝉耻辫奴箩测补 in the left side, identified on the basis of their respective 濒腻帽肠丑补苍补蝉 horse and buffalo. Beside this the upper part of the stele also depicts 惫测腻濒补 figures couchant elephants on the both sides of the main image, holding some objects in their trunks and just above of the elephants are a pair of lions. As a whole iconographic features of this Jain image is closely similar with the other 痴颈峁ａ箛耻 images discovered from this district as well as other parts of West Bengal. The 痴颈峁ａ箛耻 image from Itahar police station in south Dinajpur district and the 痴颈峁ａ箛耻 image of Nak-kati in Burdwan district are iconographically very close to the Babladiha Jain image. This hypothesis is based on the fact that the contours of the 痴颈峁ａ箛耻 images with respect to their steles are very much similar to the contour of the Babladiha Jain image. The composition of the stele that is if the stele is divided into different compartment that the organization of the entire space allotted to the stele is very much similar in the above three cases.

In the center of the 辫补帽肠补-ratha pedestal deer, the 濒腻帽肠丑补苍补 of the sixteenth 罢墨谤迟丑补峁卥补谤补 艢膩nthin膩tha is depicted. The 濒腻帽肠丑补苍补 is flanked on either side by the figures of nine planetary deities (Navagraha) (Mevissen 2000: 349). The row of the planetary deities starts from the extreme left with a figure of a devotee is depicted with 苍补尘补蝉办腻谤补-尘耻诲谤腻 and seated in padmasana posture followed by the first group of four grahas, started with 厂奴谤测补, Candra, 惭补峁単补濒补 and Budh. In this sculpture 厂奴谤测补 (Sun) is seated in padmasana posture and holding two lotuses in both the hands. His head is partially damaged According to the Jain scriptures he has been described as the deity of the East and husband of 搁补迟苍腻 Devi. The next image is the Moon鈥揼od, Candra (Moon) who is said to be the master of stars and ruler of the north鈥搘est Quarters. In this image Candra is seated in ardha-辫补谤测补峁卥腻蝉补苍补, with a pot in his left hand and right hand is in varada 尘耻诲谤腻. Followed by the image of Candra, the image of 惭补峁単补濒补 (Mars) is depicted. In the Jain texts 惭补峁単补濒补 is described as the son of the earth and ruler of the South. Here he holding the shaft of a spear (sakti) in his left hand and right hand is in varada 尘耻诲谤腻. Budha is the last image among the four grahas of the left section (Mercury), In this sculptures he is recognized by his voluminous hair style (some portion of his leg is completely damaged) and by the arrow held obliquely in front of his chest. According to the Jain texts he is the ruler of the North region. The four grahas are seated on cushion without embellishments.

On the right, next to the cihna the remaining five grahas are depicted and the row started with 叠峁沨补蝉辫补迟颈 (Jupiter) followed by 艢耻办谤补 (Venus). Both of them seated in ardha-辫补谤测补峁卥腻蝉补苍补 and their right hand placed in front of their chest as depicted the teaching attitude. Unfortunately their left hands are resting over their thigh and holding indistinct objects, may be 办补尘补峁囜笉补濒耻. According to the Jain conical texts 叠峁沨补蝉辫补迟颈 is the ruler of the north鈥揺astern quarters and 艢耻办谤补 is the ruler of the south-eastern region and teacher of Demons. 艢补苍颈 (Saturn) is clearly distinguished by his peculiar sitting pose and the staff with a roundish top. None of the Jain texts refer to the terrific form of last two un-auspicious planetary deities 搁腻丑耻 and Ketu who have only been referred to as ruler of south-western and ruler without any region respectively. In the present sculpture both Rahu and Ketu are present. 搁腻丑耻 is identified with his robust like head and his hands are in the tarpana 尘耻诲谤腻 same as in the Brahmanical Navagraha sculptures and snake-tailed Ketu (9) holding sword in his right hand and a fire pot in his left hand. On stylistic grounds the image may be assignable to pre 笔腻濒补 period.

The 罢墨谤迟丑补峁卥补谤补 艢腻苍迟颈苍腻迟丑补 image from Manoharpur is very much similar with the earlier image though this is a small size image (Pl.XXIX.A). The image under study is regularly worshipped and as a result of this it lost its iconic details. In this image the Jina stands in 办腻测辞迟蝉补谤驳补 posture on a double-petalled lotus placed on a tri-ratha pedestal, the central projection of which bears the 濒腻帽肠丑补苍补 i.e., deer. The 濒腻帽肠丑补苍补 is flanked on either side by the figures of eight planetary deities (graha) and both the ends of the pedestal decorated with crouching lion. The row of the planetary deities starts from the extreme left with the figure of 厂奴谤测补, Candra, 惭补峁単补濒补 and Budh. On the right, next to the cihna the remaining five grahas are depicted and the row started with 叠峁沨补蝉辫补迟颈 followed by 艢耻办谤补, 艢补苍颈 and 搁腻丑耻. It is quite unique that all the planetary deities in this pedestal are standing postures and holding their respective attribute. The Jina is sky-clad, has elongated ear-lobes, and his hair is arranged in schematic curls with a prominent 耻艣峁噄峁卆. The circular 艣颈谤补艣肠补办谤补 is gracefully rimmed with rows of leaves and beads, and has flowering twiga on either side. The small but proportionate chatra is slightly damaged at the front. 痴颈诲测腻诲丑补谤补蝉 holding garlands can be seen on the top of the parikara, and also a drum and a pair of cymbals struck by disembodied hands. On either side stands male 肠补耻谤墨-bearers is graceful pose, wearing short lower garments and elegant ornaments comprising of wristlets, armlets, 别办腻惫补濒墨, 办耻峁囜笉补濒补蝉, and a tall ratna尘耻办耻峁璦. On the edge of the backslab are four miniatures Jina arranged in a vertical row of two on either side of the Jina. The back of the throne onsists of jeweled posts supporting a cross-bar on which are triangular foliated plaques.

A beautifully carved image of Jain 罢墨谤迟丑补峁卥补谤补 艢腻苍迟颈苍腻迟丑补 is placed in the sanctum cella of a ruined temple of Deoli village, Purulia (Pl.XXIX.B). The whole pedestal of the image is installed into the earth of the palatial temple covering the cognizance and other pedestal figures out of the vision for which the image defy identification. However, during the recent visit I personally try to trace the cognizance of the Jina and I found that figure of deer is depict at the decorated pedestal. In this image the Jina is shown as installed within shrine which is fronted by a trefoil arch and surmounted by a curvilinear 艣颈办丑补谤补 of the nagara order. The Jina is standing in 办腻测辞迟蝉补谤驳补 pose on a double-petalled lotus placed on a pedestal. The 尘奴濒补-苍腻测补办补 obviously devoid of any worldly attire has elongated ear-lobes, and his hair is arranged in schematic curls with prominent 耻峁ａ箛墨峁�a. The Jina figure is flanked by pillar like structural appendages surmounted by triangular entities. An oblong 艣颈谤补艣肠补办谤补 with leafed edges adorns the head of the savior. The 艣颈谤补艣肠补办谤补 has flowering twigs on either side as well as musicians. The trilinear chatra of the image is highly decorated. Divine hands playing cymbals and a drum are carved on either corner of the back-slab. Two flying figures or vidy膩dharas are shown in the upper angles, offering garlands to the Jina. A flutted 腻尘补濒补办补艣墨濒腻 is placed on the trunk top of the back-slab. A lion is carved at the base of the 腻尘补濒补办补 suggesting the lion throne.

The two lateral side-images rest on two planes. The upper edge of the back鈥搒lab is relieved with twelve miniature Jinas arranged on either side (six in a row). Like the principle image they also stand in 办腻测辞迟蝉补谤驳补 posture with their respective 濒腻帽肠丑补苍补蝉 carved below the pedestal. On the edges of the back-slab, on a projected frame, miniature figures of nine planets (箩测辞迟颈峁�k补-deva) are depict, arranged in five on right side of the Jina and four on the left side. Those on the dexter side appear to be 厂奴谤测补, 惭补峁単补濒补, 叠峁沨补蝉辫补迟颈, 艢补苍颈 and Ketu; while those on the sinister side are Soma, Buddha, 艢耻办谤补 and 搁腻丑耻. The nine planetary deities are seated in their usual postures (厂奴谤测补 is seated in padmasana posture and except 搁腻丑耻 and Ketu remaining six planetary deities are seated in ardha-辫补谤测补峁卥腻蝉补苍补 posture) and holding their respective attributes in both the hands. All the nine planetary deities are seated inside a small miniature tyoe of temple. Near basement 驳补箩补艣腻谤诲奴濒补蝉 standing on lotus bases are carved on right and left sides. Interstingly close to the 驳补箩补艣腻谤诲奴濒补蝉 a male and female deitie are depict in seated posture inside a miniature temple and they mey be identify as the 驰补办峁�a and 驰补办峁�i峁嚹� of the Jina. This mage is carved delicately with high work-manship in chlorite and measures 135 cm x 72 cm x 15 cm. Sri Sasti Prasad Banerji of the village informed that the Hindu populace even today worship the image on Jyaistha (May-June) 蝉补峁卥谤腻苍迟颈 amd other religious auspicious festiv days to fulfil one鈥檚 vows (Bhowmick 1983:42).

Except these images during our extensive field surveys in the different parts of our study area we have also able to document some completely damabged specimens of 罢墨谤迟丑补峁卥补谤补 艢腻苍迟颈苍腻迟丑补 images. In some cases only the pedestal portion are survived and some time pedestal along with body portion of the 罢墨谤迟丑补峁卥补谤补 are survived. Among this variety we found a lower portion of an image of 罢墨谤迟丑补峁卥补谤补 艢腻苍迟颈苍腻迟丑补 from Mudidhi. The 辫补帽肠补-ratha pedestal exhibits the 濒腻帽肠丑补苍补 of the Jina i.e. the deer and next raths are decorated with crouching lions, facing opposite directions. Devotees in 苍补尘补蝉办腻谤补-尘耻诲谤腻 (folded hands) is seated on the both the ends of the rathas of the pedestal. The feet of the Jina placed on a double-petalled lotus. The interesting feature of this image is the representations of ratna-辫腻迟谤补蝉 between the feet of the 肠补耻谤墨-bearers and 尘奴濒补-苍腻测补办补. Anothe damaged image of this 罢墨谤迟丑补峁卥补谤补 is presently housed in the Haripada Sahitya Mandir Museum in Purulia and this was discovered from the excavation of Kotra (Gajpur). This image is badly damaged the head, right hand and the back-slab of the image is completely lost. The Jina is in the usual posture on a double-petalled lotus placed on a tri-ratha pedestal. The icon measures 95 x 46 x 15 cm. The deer, 濒腻帽肠丑补苍补 of the Jina is carved at the centre of the pedestal and flanked by devotees in a帽jali-尘耻诲谤腻. Both the ends of the pedestal there is the depiction of a crouching lion. The Jina is flanked on both sides by stout male four handed 肠补耻谤墨-bearers. They wear deeply incised loin cloths and elaborate jewellery. These 肠补耻谤墨-bearers stand in 腻产丑补峁単补 pose and hold a fly-whisk in their right hands. Except the above images an image of 艢腻苍迟颈苍腻迟丑补 was reported by M. L. Singha (Singha 1390 BS: 13) from Sihar, Bankura and not only that there is a doubtful image of this Jina now preserved in the VSPM, Vishnupur.