Cosmetics, Costumes and Ornaments in Ancient India
by Remadevi. O. | 2009 | 54,177 words
This page relates ‘Sacrificial Dress� of the study on cosmetics, costumes and ornaments of ancient India based on Sanskrit sources. Chapter one deals with cosmetics and methods of enhancing beauty; Chapter two deals with costumes, garments and dresses; Chapter three deals with ornaments for humans and animals. Each chapter deals with their respective materials, types, preparation and trade, as prevalent in ancient Indian society.
Go directly to: Footnotes.
2.24. Sacrificial Dress
About the dressing of a sacrificer, his wife and the priest who performs a sacrifice, we have reference in ṇa, 貹ūٰ and Śrautasūtras.
A Sacrificer as referred to in Śٲ貹ٳ-ṇa[1] usually wore four types of dress. Two upper garments - and Pāṇḍva, a lower garment -ⲹ and a head dress ṣṇīṣa. Of these, the upper garment is an undyed wool. A lower garment in the model of a skirt and made of ś grass was worn by the sacrificer’s wife, which also is mentioned in Śٲ貹ٳ-ṇa[2] .
In ܻⲹԲ-śܳٲūٰ[3], a sacrificer, his wife and the priest who performs the sacrifice are intended to wear washed fresh clothes. The clothing of a priest who performed Ā was of red colour. ܻⲹԲ[4] recommends different types of clothes for the sacrificer at different stages of performance. Clothes prepared from flax fibers are prescribed for the fire consecrating ceremony. If flax is not available, one may use cotton or wool.
Ā貹ٲ-śܳٲūٰ[5] recommends a white turban for a king, who performs Ჹūⲹ, while for queens, the head dress was Kumbha or Kurīra made of gold, while talking about the dress of a priest performing animal sacrifice as well as magical rites, Ā貹ٲ-śܳٲūٰ suggests red garments as well as red turbans. ٲⲹԲ-śܳٲūٰ[6] also mentions it. According to another rule insisted by Ā貹ٲ-śܳٲūٰ[7], Kāririṣṭī should be performed by wearing black upper garments, a black antelope skin and a black turban. In connection with the ś sacrifice, Ā貹ٲ-śܳٲūٰ[8] mentions the use of Śyāmūla. It is stated in one place in Ā貹ٲ-śܳٲūٰ[9] that a person who wishes progeny and cattle should observe a vow for twelve days. During the vow, he should wear coarse garments.
As in ṇa, we have reference to grass garment in ٲⲹԲ-śܳٲūٰ[10] also. There during the performance of a Ჹⲹ, the sacrificer’s wife is suggested to wear an underskirt namely 䲹ṇḍٲ첹. It should be made of ś grass. Similarly a king who performs Ჹūⲹ is recommended to wear a ⲹ, , Pāṇḍva and ṣṇīṣa.
Even though the above mentioned types of garments are generally seen referred to in literature, some expressions like Nānāveṣadhara, Citraveṣadhara etc. may perhaps point to the fact that a large variety of garments were prevalent. But we don’t have any further information regarding their identity.
Footnotes and references:
[1]:
14.2.1.8
[2]:
Ibid
[3]:
1.6, 5.6, 10.11
[4]:
Ibid
[5]:
19.16.16, 18.14.2.3
[6]:
22.3.15
[7]:
19.25
[8]:
20.17.9
[9]:
14.13, 15
[10]:
14.5.3