Sanskrit Inscriptions of Thailand
by Satischandra Chatterjee | 2015 | 58,643 words
This essay studies the Sanskrit Inscriptions of Thailand which explores the cultural and historical intersections between India and Thailand through the study of ancient Sanskrit inscriptions found in Thai temples, museums, and libraries. Authored by Prof. Satya Vrat Shastri, a scholar with deep ties to Thailand, the work entails transliterating an...
Ban Tatthong Inscription
Couched both in Sanskrit and Khmer, this inscription belonging to the 10 th cen. A.D. is written in the ancient Khmer script. There is writing on both the sides. There are 20 lines on the first side and 27 on the second. Engraved on red sandstone, it is in Sima-like shape. Its width is 44.5 cms. and height 55 cms. It was discovered from Tatthong village, Tambon Tatthong, Muang Yasothon District, Yasothon Province. At present it is in the collection of Wat Pho Si Monkhon, Muang Yasothon District, Yasothon Province under the care of its chief monk Vimal. Nobody knows when it was shifted there. When the officials of the National Library, Bangkok visited the northeast to enquire about the inscription in 2523 B.E. (=1980 C.E.) they were directed to the Wat where they photographed it on March 11, 2523 B.E. (=C.E. 1980). Old Khmer characters have been used in the inscription. The writing on its first side is in Sanskrit while on the second it is in both Sanskrit and Khmer. It follows an old system of writing that differs only in small measure from the present day The inscription begins with the eulogy (stuti) of Siva. About Rudraloka it is said that he was very brave and ruled over the kingdom, in all righteousness. In the marriage of his daughter he gifted many things to his son-in-law who was a prince. Towards the close of the inscription it is mentioned that this prince belonged to the royal family of Bhavapura. There is reference to a Brahmana who worshipped Sivalingalhi. Digitized by S 3 Foundation USA
មានស HIGH CC-0. Prof. Satya Vrat St Tatthong Inscription Sidigitized by S 3 Foundation USA
olde Om Sanskrit Inscriptions of Thailand / 91 - 1. namo vimalava (ba ) lendu - lekhadi (di ) prajata (ta ) jite 2 . janitamvu (bu ) jayonyavja (bja ) netracchatraya sambhave 3 . sridrddhah dharmmapradeso (S) sau yasya deso sayanintah 4 . rudrasaktisamakirno rudraloke (kam ) ivaparah 5 . srista () srisanavarmma yo valasvasya (valasvasya ?) sa vi (vi ) ryyadhrk 6 . sarassavati (sarasvati ) nca samyogatputri sarassava (sva ) timiva 7 . putra pautra kulan sarvava (sarvva ) n dha (dha ) nyam samraksita (ta ) nadat 8 . dasadasa (si ) nca dravyani (ni ) va (ba) hudhanyanca raksitam | 6 . vijyamatrsurupakameva ninincasatipati 10 . pancavelam tatha yatram sabhusanca vicitrakam 11 . tandu (ndu ) lam dasadrona (na) ntat (d ) bhaksapakam dine dine 12 . madhuparakam (kam ) tatha vyanjanam narikela samodakam 13 . bhairi (bheri ) vadya gandharvam [ca] gandhakam pusapa (spa ) citram va 14 . pujatari (tri ) skala ityuktam tasmat sarassavati (sarasvati )ndadat 15 . rudraloka tatha rajyam bhumim samraksitam kulaih 16 . prasadam bhu (bhu ) paterva (ba ) lputri sarassavatisvatindadat 17 . bhavapurabhidhavarno vikrantagramasambhavah 18 . santanvayasya sakulantatam kavtajah tisthati 16 . nrtagitapadakalam lingam bhaktya dine dine 20 . srini (ni ) lakantheti khyatah seve vaiprahutivit 1. namo vimalavalendulekhadiptajatajite 2. janitamvujayonyavjanetracchatrayasambhave 3. sriddhah dharmmapradesosau yasya desosayanintah 4. rudrasaktisamakirnno rudraloka ivaparah 5. srista srisanavarmmayo valasvasya sa virayyadhrk 6. sarassavatinca samyoga- tputrisarassava (sva) timiva sarvava-ndhanyam b 7. putrapautrakulan samraksita (a) nadat CC-8. Prot Vrat Shastri aning bands 8. dasadasinca dravyani vahnirdhanyanica Paksitarin USA
. vijyamatrsurupakameva ninincasatipati 10. pancavelam tatha yatram sabhusanca vicitrakam 11. tandulam dasadronanta- tbhaksapakam dine dine 12. madhuparakam narikelasamodakam tatha 13. bhai (e)rivadyagandharvam pusapa (spa) citram va 14. pujatariskala vayanjanam gandhakam ityuktam tasmat sarassavati (sarasvati)ndadat 15. rudraloka tatharajyamm bhumim samraksitam kulaih 16. prasadam bhu (u) pater sarassava (sva)ti (i)ndadat val-putri 17. bhavapurabhidhavarno vikrantagramasambhavah 18. santanvayasya sakula- ntatamkavtajah tisthati 19. nrtagitapadakalam lingam bhaktya dine dine 20. srinilakantheti khayatah seve vaiprahutivit Translation 1-2 Salutation to Lord Siva who excels with his matted locks illumined by the digit of the bright new moon and whom Brahma, born of lotus, affords a parasol of his eyes comparable with lotus-petals. 3-4 It is a sacred land brimming with riches/beauty. The country (region) Sayaninta in it is guarded by (lit. strewn with) terrific power, and therefore looks like a second Rudraloka. 5-8 The illustrious Isanavarmman who is coveted by the goddess of fortune and is endowed with the power of a young horse, gave to his daughter Sarasvati, a devotee of the goddess of learning (??), and the families of his sons and grandsons foodgrains stored with him, male and female slaves, money and abundant grains/rice preserved with him. 9-10
-14 Ten dronas of rice, food-preparation, Madhuparka, spices, coconut with sweet balls, drum, instruments, musicians, scent, beautiful flowers these which are prescribed for the worship at the three respective times he donated daily to the image of Sarasvati. - 15-16. He gave to his young daughter Sarasvati, the Rudraloka-like kingdom, land preserved with various families ----- (??) 17-18 19-20 He daily worshipped with devotion the Linga known as Sri Nilakantha. Notes ind b The inscription is marred by a number of orthographic/ engraving errors. Had these been not there, it would have made a good reading. The very first stanza of it is marked by charming poetic flash. The lotus petals of the lotus from where appears Brahma are fancied here to serve as a parasol to Sambhu. This is Poetic Fancy, Utpreksa par excellence. The stanza is also characterized by beautiful jakaranuprasa, the ja-alliteration as also the va one: namo vimalavalendulekhadiprajatajite/ janitamvujayonyavjanetracchatraya sambhavell The b is incessantly spelt here as v, a common enough characteristic in Eastern Inda. The country Sayaninta being possessed of the power of Rudra is fancied here as another Rudraloka, the second Rudraloka.