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An important social stigma of ancient India, which subsists until modern times, in spite of various reformative movements led by great leaders like Mahatma Gandhi, Raja Ram Mohan Roy, Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar, etc., also prohibited by the Constitution of India and by other legislation, is the untouchability. It is interesting to note that in the 痴测补惫补丑腻谤腻诲丑测腻测补 of the 驰腻箩帽补惫补濒办测补蝉尘峁泃颈 the only caste, which is declared as untouchable in [is?] the 颁腻峁囜笉腻濒补蝉. In fact, there is not any extreme view expressed that even the shadow of the 颁腻峁囜笉腻濒补蝉 is impure or should be deemed polluting. 驰腻箩帽补惫补濒办测补 prescribes a fine of one hundred 辫补峁嘺蝉 as fine to the 颁腻峁囜笉腻濒补蝉 for touching the higher caste like the 叠谤腻丑尘补峁嘺蝉, etc.^[1] An issue born from the union of a 叠谤腻丑尘补峁嘺 woman and a 艢奴诲谤补 male is known as a 颁腻峁囜笉腻濒补.⁴⁵ Their untouchability appears to have originated by birth as a mixed caste, born in the reverse order of sex relation in the society.

The difference between the 艢奴诲谤补s and the untouchables is retained in the 驰腻箩帽补惫补濒办测补蝉尘峁泃颈. There is a reference found in the 痴测补惫补丑腻谤腻诲丑测腻测补 regarding Antya in connection with penalties for crime of adultery, which might have been treated as lower caste than the 艢奴诲谤补s. It is said that a 艢奴诲谤补, having physical relation with a woman of Antya caste is reduced to the same caste. According to 痴颈艣惫补谤奴辫补, Antya means outcaste or lower than the 艢奴诲谤补s.^[2] The 惭颈迟腻办峁�a谤腻 states that an Antya woman is a female of a 颁腻峁囜笉腻濒补.^[3] Hence, Antya appears to represent a generic appellation for all lowest caste like the 颁腻峁囜笉腻濒补, etc.^[4] Thus, 驰腻箩帽补惫补濒办测补 has distinguished the Antya from the 艢奴诲谤补, suggesting that during his time the untouchables and the mixed castes have not been considered as 艢奴诲谤补s in general. It seems untouchability might have been exaggerated in later periods and more and more castes are brought to its purview.