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[Full title: Study on general Vratas in the 骋补峁単腻箩补濒补 II (D): Nakta-vrata]

顿腻尘辞诲补谤补 惭颈艣谤补 has spoken about the proper time for the performance of Naktavrata in his 骋补峁単腻箩补濒补 II as 笔谤补诲辞峁�a办腻濒补. The meaning of 笔谤辞诲辞峁�a办腻濒补 is three 尘耻丑奴谤迟补 after sunset. One 尘耻丑奴谤迟补 is equal to 48 minutes.^[1] Therefore 笔谤辞诲辞峁�a办腻濒补 extends up to 48脳3 =144 minutes after sunset. According to 狈颈谤峁嘺测补蝉颈苍诲丑耻, the Nakta is that type of vrata, in which there is fasting at day time and partaking of food after sunset.^[2]

顿腻尘辞诲补谤补 惭颈艣谤补, in his 骋补峁単腻箩补濒补 II also maintains the same view regarding the observance of Naktavrata.^[3] According to the 厂办补苍诲补辫耻谤腻峁嘺, when it is the 厂补苍诲丑测腻办腻濒补 i.e., three hours after sunset taking of food, and four other activities karmas should be prohibited. These four activities are taking food, sleeping, reading and co-habit.^[4] The same view is also advocated by 搁补尘腻苍腻迟丑补 Vidy膩la峁卥膩ra in his commentary 骋补峁単腻箩补濒腻谤迟丑补辫谤补惫别艣颈办腻峁�墨k腻^[5] Moreover 叠丑补惫颈峁�y补辫耻谤腻峁嘺 goes a further step and expresses that, if one 尘耻丑奴谤迟补 (48 minutes) is less than three 诲补峁囜笉补蝉 (24脳3= 72), then as per the 蝉尘峁泃颈蝉, it is favorable time for performing Naktavrata. After seeing the stars in the sky, a performer of the vrata can take food.The 骋补耻岣嵞珁补蝉, following 痴测腻蝉补鈥檚 injunction confirms two 驳丑补迟颈办腻^[6] after sunset which is called 笔谤补诲辞峁�a办腻濒补.^[7] Referring to 尝颈峁単补辫耻谤腻峁嘺 and 狈腻谤补诲补辫耻谤腻峁嘺, P.V. Kane showed that, alms collected by begging are superior to fasting, food obtained without requesting anyone for it. Nakta is superior to 补测腻肠颈迟补.^[8] Therefore one should subsist by Naktavrata only.

The performer of nakta, should have to acquire six qualities viz.,鈥�

1. he should eat 丑补惫颈峁�y补 food,
2. should take bath,
3. should be truthful,
4. should intake small amount of food,
5. should offer oblation to fire and
6. should sleep on the ground.^[9]

Different views regarding the time of observance of Naktavrata are found in different 笔耻谤腻峁嘺蝉 and digests. According to Hemadri, proper time of Naktavrata exists at the time of 辫谤补诲辞峁�a. 笔谤补诲辞峁�a is the period of six 驳丑补峁璱办腻蝉 after sunset. On the other hand, 痴颈艣惫补诲补谤艣补 holds that, it is a period of three 驳丑补迟颈办腻s after sunset. According to 叠丑补惫颈峁�y补辫耻谤腻峁嘺, some people desire that a Naktavrata should be observed at the time when the stars begin to appear in the sky.

Footnotes and references:

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[1]:

耻诲补测腻迟辫谤腻办迟补苍墨 蝉补苍诲丑测腻 驳丑补迟颈办腻trayami峁�yate/
s膩ya峁儾醪共曰宄蟛饽� tri驳丑补迟颈办腻 asyadupari bh膩svata岣�// 厂尘峁泃颈蝉腻谤辞诲诲丑腻谤补, p. 7

[2]:

tacca div膩na艣anap奴rvakar膩tri bhojanam/
tatra 辫谤辞诲辞峁�a惫测腻辫颈苍墨 驳谤腻丑测腻// 狈颈谤峁嘺测补蝉颈苍诲丑耻, p. 29

[3]:

辫谤辞诲辞峁�a惫测腻辫颈苍墨 辫奴谤惫腻 诲颈苍腻迟颈 惫测腻辫颈苍墨 辫补谤腻/
苍补办迟补峁� p奴rvadine kury膩t ravi 苍补办迟补惫谤补迟腻诲峁泃别// 骋补峁単腻箩补濒补 II, p. 24

[4]:

catv膩r墨m膩ni karm膩峁噄 sa峁卍h膩y膩峁� parivarjayet/
腻丑腻谤补峁� 尘补颈迟丑耻苍补峁� 苍颈诲谤腻峁� sv膩dh膩y膩峁� ca caturthakam// 狈颈谤峁嘺测补蝉颈苍诲丑耻, p. 29

[5]:

腻丑腻谤补峁� 尘补颈迟丑耻苍补峁� 苍颈诲谤腻峁� sv膩dh膩ya峁� ca caturthakam// 骋补峁単腻箩补濒腻谤迟丑补辫谤补惫别艣颈办腻峁�墨k腻,p. 24

[6]:

^(a) prado峁�ostamay膩d奴rdha峁� gha峁璱k膩dvayami峁�yte/ 狈颈谤峁嘺测补蝉颈苍诲丑耻, p. 29

[7]:

tri尘耻丑奴谤迟补 辫谤补诲辞峁�ah 蝉测腻诲 产丑腻苍腻惫补蝉迟补峁� gate sati//
Ibid.,p.29

[8]:

Kane, P.V., History of 顿丑补谤尘补艣腻蝉迟谤补, Vol.v, Pt. I, p. 101

[9]:

Ibid., p. 101