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[Full title: Study on general Vratas in the 骋补峁単腻箩补濒补 II (C): Ekabhakta-vrata]

It warrants no controversy, as to the practice of a vrata in vyastatithi including Ekabhakta which can be observed in any tithi of a month in a year. But this is not applicable, in the case of a vrata including Ekabhakta, when it is grouped under yugma class. Here a problem arises as to when the vrata should be performed, if the concerned tithi becomes a 办峁�a测补迟颈迟丑颈. Gobhila, 艢腻迟腻迟补辫补, 痴补艣颈峁ａ弓丑补 and others attempted to explain it with their own interpretation.^[1]

In this context, the digest writers felt necessity to divide tithis in three heads. They are-

1. Sarva;
2. Darpa;
   1. 贬颈峁僺腻;^[2]

In such a situation, if the required tithi becomes 辫奴谤惫补惫颈诲诲丑腻 or 辫补谤腻惫颈诲诲丑腻, the performer has to ponder over the matter relating to the proper time for the performance of the vratas. To overcome this problem, the medieval digest writers have suggested some codified regulations in general, one of which is seen in the 骋补峁単腻箩补濒补 II^[3] This 辫奴谤惫补蝉补峁儁耻办迟腻 and 辫补谤补蝉补峁儁耻办迟腻 of 顿腻尘辞诲补谤补 惭颈艣谤补 is treated as 辫奴谤惫补惫颈诲诲丑腻 and 辫补谤腻惫颈诲诲丑腻 in the 厂尘峁泃颈蝉腻谤辞诲诲丑腻谤补^[4]

This general regulation seems to be inadequate to address some problems caused by conjugation of different tithis at different points of time of an 补丑辞谤腻迟谤补. It is therefore, required to frame some specific rules at least in favour of the above quoted three classes of tithis to direct the performers to find out the scope which they adopt to perform amidst different conjugational situations.

A few examples have been cited in this context. They are given below:

(i) In case of the Ekabhakta, if the tithis happen to exist equally in two consecutive days, the vrata is permitted to be performed on the next day, as it is a matter of Sarva class of yugmatithi.

(ii) If the 辫补谤腻迟颈迟丑颈 (i.e., tithi that falls on the next day) in comparison to 辫奴谤惫补迟颈迟丑颈, covers more time of the 尘补诲丑测腻丑苍补 of the next day, then the Ekabhakta is allowed to be performed on the next day, which is a matter of Darpa class.

(iii) Again, if the particular tithi exists for more time on the previous day and if it extends up to the next day for a little period (in comparison to the former), the vrata should be observed on the previous day, as it falls under 贬颈峁僺腻 class of the tithis.

顿腻尘辞诲补谤补 惭颈艣谤补 stated his observation on Ekabhaktavrata quoting from the 厂办补苍诲补辫耻谤腻峁嘺 where the vratin is suggested to undergo some niyama. Accordingly he must not taste meat and other non-vegitarian food, must maintain celibacy, sanctity and must be a trustful one.^[5] Although 顿腻尘辞诲补谤补 惭颈艣谤补 did not mention the above quoted three classes of tithis, still he dealt with them properly which is discussed earlier while giving examples of the Sarva, Darpa and 贬颈峁僺腻 class of tithis. Thus, to perform Ekabhakta, the concerned tithi must parvade midday.^[6] P.V. Kane, commented that, Ekabhakta is an independent vrata that requires no reference of any 贰办腻诲补艣墨. He also noted the observance of this vrata along with its high merits which should be performed in the year beginning from 惭补谤驳补艣墨谤峁�a to 碍腻谤迟颈办补. The 补苍耻艣腻蝉补苍补辫补谤惫补 of the 惭补丑腻产丑腻谤补迟补 , gives elaborate information on it.^[7] In Ekabhakta, the vratin is allowed to take meal once a day after the middle of the day of the vrata which is the prime time determined by the digest writers.

Footnotes and references:

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[1]:

k峁�ayav峁沝dhi s膩 myava艣膩ddinadvayavyapiny膩峁� tithou 惫颈丑颈迟补峁� karma kutra k膩ryyamiti sandehe nir峁嘺y膩rtham膩ha 驳辞产丑颈濒补岣� // 厂尘峁泃颈蝉腻谤辞诲诲丑腻谤补, P.8

[2]:

sarvo dina岣峷ayepi tithya岣� s膩myam/
诲补谤辫补岣� 辫奴谤惫补tithyapek峁�ay膩'grima titheradhikatvam/
hi峁僺膩 p奴rv膩peksay膩'grimatithe峁沶y奴峁嘺ttvam//
辫奴谤惫补p奴rv膩 pek峁�ay膩'grim膩grimatithe nyunattam//
Ibid., p. 8

[3]:

测耻驳尘腻驳苍测别办腻诲补艣墨 峁�a峁ａ弓丑墨 肠补迟耻谤迟丑墨 vihita vrate/
辫奴箩测腻 辫补谤别峁嘺 蝉补峁儁耻办迟腻 pak峁�ayorubhayorapi //
辫补帽肠补尘墨 蝉补辫迟补尘墨 caiva 苍补惫补尘墨 诲补艣补尘墨 迟补迟丑腻/
诲惫腻诲补艣墨 辫奴谤惫补 蝉补峁儁耻办迟腻 办补谤迟补惫测腻 辫补办峁�a测辞谤诲惫补测补岣�// 骋补峁単腻箩补濒补 II , p.1

[4]:

Tripathi, Visvambhara, 厂尘峁泃颈蝉腻谤辞诲诲丑腻谤补, p.13

[5]:

诲颈苍腻谤诲丑补 samaye't墨te bhu帽jate niyamena yat//
Ibid ., p. 22

[6]:

etaccaika bhakta 惫谤补迟补峁� 尘补诲丑测腻丑苍补 vy膩piny膩峁� tithou k膩峁泍am/
Ibid., p. 13

[7]:

Kane, P.V., History of 顿丑补谤尘补艣腻蝉迟谤补, Vol.v, Pt. I, p. 101