Varahi Tantra (English Study)
by Roberta Pamio | 2014 | 29,726 words
This English essay studies the Varahi Tantra and introduces the reader to the literature and philosophy of the Shakta Tradition to which this text belongs. These Shakta Tantras are doctrines where the Mother Goddess is conceived as the Supreme deity who is immanent and transcendental at the same time. The Varahitantra (lit. the "Doctrine of th...
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Chapter 15 - The worship of ṣmī
This chapter deals mainly with the worship of ṣmī, who, being a form of ī, is known also as Siddhikālī or ʰٲⲹṅg.
The first verse says that in the Kaula practices there is no distinction between castes and that the accomplishment of the mantra is the most important issue.
In verses 2-7 there is the ܻ of the single-syllable mantra of ṣmī, followed by the mantra of ṅkī ī.
Then the Goddess is described by means of her īᲹ mantra: it is said that from the letter "ka" of her mantra everything is manifested, therefore she is the embodiment of creation; the letter "ra" is 岵Ծܻ, so she is the form of the destruction; in the vowel "ī" resides Ѳṣmī who is illustrious in the three worlds, thus she is the protective power ( śپ�); because of the bindu she represents the divine nectar[1] (vv.8-9).
In her individual (i.e. particular) aspect (ⲹṣṭūṇa) she is endowed with the actions of creating, preserving and destroying, while in her collective, i.e. universal, aspect (ṣṭūṇa) she is the fourth state (ٳܰī), and she is herself the Absolute. She is made of consciousness and bliss (ԲԻ岹ī) and she clearly embodies the wisdom's power (ṣādśپū辱ṇ�); her own nature is ś岹 (the Supreme Word) and eternal bliss; she is endowed with all the Vedas and she immediately bestows eternal bliss. The Supreme Śپ, which can be realized through japa, lies on the path of 岹 (Sound). When she rises from the temple of the word in the form of ī, she is remembered as the Ѳ屹 (Great Wisdom), who dwells among the siddhakas[2] (vv.10-13).
In v.14' it is said that her mantra is accomplished through repeating it two million and seven hundred times.
Verses 14"-15 give her Գٰǻ.
Then the Բ of the Goddess is given, who is to be meditated upon as having five faces: her eastern face is called ṣmī, the southern one is ҳܳⲹī, the northern one is ṅkṣiṇ�, the western one is called ܲ and the face above is named ʰٲⲹṅg. She resides in the crematory ground or in wrathful places; she is short, in a meditative state, adorned with black garments, terrific, extremely dreadful and as fearful as the black blood; she is emaciated; she stands on a preta and she is naked with a dreadful face; she stands on five pretas and she has the corpses of children dangling from her ears; she holds a 첹 filled with blood; she rises from Ś; she is adorned with serpents and she wears a snake as sacred thread; she, the fierce one, has eighteen arms and five faces, each one with three eyes; she holds every kinds of weapon; she bestows devotion and enlightenment (vv.16-22).
Then the of ʰٲⲹṅg is given, through which every misfortune removed; here the Goddess is worshipped as being united to the ("the Wheel of time"), i.e. as the embodiment of the entire universe (.23-44�).
After the worship of ʰٲⲹṅg, one should worship Hari for his own sake; the ū can be done by imagining վṣṇ in water, in fire, in the heart, in the sun, in the ground or in a statue: water is the resting place of Viṣnu and therefore he always resides there; Hari is worshipped in fire by the priests, in the heart by the yogis, in the sun by learned men, in the ground (ٳṇḍ) by the sages and in images by the small-minded men (vv.44"-47'). The images are divided into the categories of natural or artificial, movable or immovable, alive or lifeless. These are described at length in verses 47"-54'.
Verses 54"-60 mention the benefits of performing ū in different holy places, among which the śپ辱ṻ of Guhyeṣvarī in Nepal is considered to be the most important.
Verses 61-65' give the names of few ܻ (gestures) which are necessary during a fire sacrifice; verses 65"-66 describe various vessels for different purposes.
Then Bhairava asks Ѳ峾ⲹ ("the Great Illusion") who is the Mother and the giver of both bondage and liberation, to expound upon the excellent lineage of the Gurus; thus the Goddess explains that the sequence of the Gurus is manifold and eternal. A practitioner should know the lineage of the Gurus, otherwise all the mantras, yantras and tantras are fruitless; the line of the Gurus is considered more important than one's family lineage, and being the giver of the mantra, the Guru is said to be superior to one's father. Thus the first Guru is the one who gives the mantra; the 貹貹 Guru is Ś and the 貹ṣṭ Guru is the Goddess. The Ѳī is herself present in the of all the tantras as ʰṛt; next comes Ѳ𱹲 as ʳܰṣa and then the sequence of Gurus: in reality all these subdivisions of the Goddess all belong to Ś.
Thus the lineage of the Gurus related to the worship of is given: the Divine Gurus (divyaugha) are: Ѳī, Ѳ𱹲, հܰ and Bhairava; the Accomplished Gurus (siddhaugha) are: ԲԻ岹-ٳ, Pūrṇānanda-ٳ, Svaratānanda-ٳ, Sulocanānda-ٳ,[3] Kumārānanda-ٳ, Krodhanānanda-ٳ, Varadhānanda-ٳ, Smaradīpanānda-ٳ, and vatī; the Human Gurus (Բܲ) are Vimalānanda-ٳ, Kuśalānanda-ٳ, Bhīmasenānanda-ٳ, Sudhākarānanda-ٳ, Mīnānanda-ٳ, Gorakṣānanda-ٳ, Bhojadevānanda-ٳ, Prajāpatyānanda-ٳ, Mūladevānanda-ٳ, Vanditānandanāyha, Vighneśānanda-ٳ, Hutāśanānanda-ٳ, Samayānandaٳ and Santoṣānandaٳ (vv.67-82').
Verses 82"-109 include a hymn to ṣmī as the Supreme Knower.
Verses 110-121' mention the worship of ṣmī.
Verses 121"-169 describe the ritual to purify the six cakras through the worship of the main Goddesses of the six 峾ⲹ (sacred traditions) in their respective cakras: thus in the ܱ cakra is contemplated ܲᾱ, the mistress of the Paścimāmnaya (Western Tradition); 䲹ṇḍī, the mistress of the ū峾ⲹ (Eastern Tradition), is meditated upon in the svādhiṣṭhāna cakra; in the ṇiū is contemplated ԲԲ, the mistress of the Adha 峾ⲹ (Lower Tradition); in the anāhata cakra is worshipped ҳܳⲹī, the mistress of the Uttarāmanāya (Northern Tradition), in the viśuddha cakra is Rājamātaṅgī, the mistress of the Dakṣiṇ峾� (Southern Tradition), and in the ājñā cakra հܰܲԻ岹ī, the mistress of the Ūrdhv峾ⲹ (Upper Tradition).
The main Goddess of the Paścim峾ⲹ is ܲᾱ, who is ṇḍī Śī, from whom all creation comes forth; in different texts she is called also ʰṛt, Ā, Śپ, Cinmayī, , and so on; in the same way the Supreme is referred as Ś, ʳܰṣa, ʲٳ, Īś, Sakṣ�, ś, and the like.
ṇḍī rests in the mūlādhāra cakra; once awakened she rises up to the Brahmarandhra (on the crown of the head): here is the thousand-petalled lotus which is the residence of Ś. Here, in union with Ś, the Goddess Kāmakalākālī should be contemplated upon.
In verse 169 it is said that even if the Goddess is one, she has a multitude of forms and that she can be seen only with the divine eye.
The chapter concludes with the descriptions of few mantras dear to the Goddess (vv.170-192).
Footnotes and references:
[1]:
In the original text is written "somarasya", probably referring to the Soma juice, the nectar of immortality. Another interpretation can be "", which means the "one taste", i.e. the union, of the immanent and transcendental aspect of the reality.
[2]:
In the original text it is said "ٲ smarenmahāvidyāmiti siddhakamadhyagā[m]" which can be translated as "then one should remember her as the Ѳ屹, who stays among the siddhakas". In the հ岹śḍāmٲⲹṅgٲԳٰ it is said "ٲ smarenmahāvidyā� siddhikālījayakramām", which it means "then one should remember her as the Ѳ屹 Siddhikālī, the Great Victorious One.
[3]:
In the վṇa (1.289) the name of Calacittānandaٳ is given instead of Svaratānandaٳ and Sulocanāndaٳ.